解剖型羟基磷灰石喷涂Ribbed股骨柄和臼杯全髋关节置换术患者的8年随访观察

目的探讨解剖柄羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层Ribbed髋假体行全髋关节置换(THA)术后的中期疗效。方法自1999年6月至2002年5月,采用解剖柄HA涂层Ribbed髋假体施行非骨水泥固定THA手术患者126例,获随访71例84髋,男29例,女42例;年龄39～76岁,平均58岁。术前诊断包括股骨头缺血坏死18例(双侧9例),股骨颈骨折23例,髋关节发育不良14例(双侧4例),髋关节骨关节炎16例。术后7～10d,6个月和每年1次随访X线拍片,对髋关节功能依末次随访状况行Harris评分。结果依末次随访时取Harris评价法,获85～100分39例(46髋),75～84分32例(38髋)。轻微大腿痛3例3髋(4.2%),X线片显示轻微骨吸收3例(3髋)(4.2%),无一患髋需行翻修术。术后1～2年内股骨柄下沉1.5～2mm者2例(3髋),下沉2～2.5mm者1例(1髋),此后再无发现明显下沉患者。术后6个月至3年X线显示于HA涂层部位近段骨吸收于Gruen5、6区2例(2髋)和3、5区1例(1髋),所有患者的骨锚固和松质骨、皮质骨骨密度轻度增高现象,显示髋假体-骨固定良好。结论解剖柄HA涂层Ribbed髋假体的初始固定能促进早期骨长入达到生物固定目标,并阻遏聚乙烯磨屑髓内迁徙致大腿痛和骨吸收,其中期疗效肯定。     

羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体全髋关节置换术的中期疗效

目的 评价羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体伞髋关节置换术的中期疗效.方法 2000年2月至2001年2月,采用U2钛合金羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体行非骨水泥全髋关节置换术65例(70髋),男20例,女45例;年龄40～82岁,平均63岁.术前诊断:股骨颈骨折30例,髋关节骨关节炎15例,股骨头缺血性坏死9例,人工股骨头术后松动8例,类风湿髋关节炎2例,髋关节融合术后1例.分别于术后1周、3个月、6个月随访,以后每年随访1次,对髋关节功能(Harris评分)和X线片进行复查.结果 4例死于癌症,余61例(66髋)获7～8年随访,平均7.5年.末次随访时髋关节Harris评分85～100分,平均96分.3髋(4.5%)出现轻度大腿痛,无一髋需行翻修术治疗.术后1年内假体下沉小于1.5 mm者7髋,此后未再出现假体下沉.术后3～6个月在Gruen 2区和6区近段羟基磷灰石涂层部位出现典型的骨锚固征及松质骨和皮质骨密度增高影像.此后所有患者包括年龄大于70岁和Dorr C型髓腔者均无柄端周围的骨质增生或"底座征",也尤股骨近段或远段髓内骨溶解及假体松动.按Engh标准评定全部患者均获骨性固定.结论 羟基磷灰石涂层能增强股骨柄假体的初始固定,促进早期骨长入和生物学固定,阻止聚乙烯磨屑的髓内迁移和远段髓内骨溶解,用于非骨水泥全髋置换术中期疗效满意.     

羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体全髋关节置换术的中期疗效

目的 评价羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体伞髋关节置换术的中期疗效.方法 2000年2月至2001年2月,采用U2钛合金羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄假体行非骨水泥全髋关节置换术65例(70髋),男20例,女45例;年龄40～82岁,平均63岁.术前诊断:股骨颈骨折30例,髋关节骨关节炎15例,股骨头缺血性坏死9例,人工股骨头术后松动8例,类风湿髋关节炎2例,髋关节融合术后1例.分别于术后1周、3个月、6个月随访,以后每年随访1次,对髋关节功能(Harris评分)和X线片进行复查.结果 4例死于癌症,余61例(66髋)获7～8年随访,平均7.5年.末次随访时髋关节Harris评分85～100分,平均96分.3髋(4.5%)出现轻度大腿痛,无一髋需行翻修术治疗.术后1年内假体下沉小于1.5 mm者7髋,此后未再出现假体下沉.术后3～6个月在Gruen 2区和6区近段羟基磷灰石涂层部位出现典型的骨锚固征及松质骨和皮质骨密度增高影像.此后所有患者包括年龄大于70岁和Dorr C型髓腔者均无柄端周围的骨质增生或"底座征",也尤股骨近段或远段髓内骨溶解及假体松动.按Engh标准评定全部患者均获骨性固定.结论 羟基磷灰石涂层能增强股骨柄假体的初始固定,促进早期骨长入和生物学固定,阻止聚乙烯磨屑的髓内迁移和远段髓内骨溶解,用于非骨水泥全髋置换术中期疗效满意.     

Ribbed股骨柄全髋关节置换24例11年随访

[目的]观察Ribbed股骨柄髋假体全髋关节置换后的远期疗效。[方法]自1999年6月～2002年5月,采用解剖柄HA涂层Ribbed髋假体施行非骨水泥固定人工全髋关节置换126例,获平均11年4个月随访24例26髋,男14例,女10例;年龄43～68岁,平均59.4岁。术前疾病:股骨头缺血坏死13例(双侧2例),股骨颈骨折9例,髋关节发育不良2例。术后7～10d,术后6个月和每年1次随访X线片,对髋关节功能依末次随访状况行Harris评分。[结果]依末次随访Harris评价法,获85～100分16例18髋,75～84分8例8髋。轻微大腿痛1例1髋,X线片显示轻微骨吸收1例1髋,无一患髋需行翻修术。术后6个月～3年X线片显示于HA涂层部位近段骨吸收于Gruen5,6区和2,3区1例1髋。所有病例的骨锚固和松质骨、皮质骨骨密度轻度增高,显示髋假体-骨固定良好。[结论]Ribbed髋假体的初始固定能促进早期骨长入达到生物固定目标,并阻碍聚乙烯磨屑髓内迁徙致大腿痛和骨吸收,其长期疗效肯定。     

人工全髋关节置换术后翻修的假体选择

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术后翻修的假体选择. 方法 1995年1月～2002年6月进行全髋关节翻修术33例(33髋),其中男7髋,女26髋.翻修原因:无菌性松动22例,感染后松动8例(其中2例合并窦道形成);股骨头置换术后髋臼磨损3例,不伴有假体中心性脱位.对无菌性松动和股骨头磨损患者采用骨水泥固定型假体13例,生物固定型假体12例,股骨侧翻修假体均选择骨水泥固定型广泛涂层假体,8例感染患者均行一期骨水泥固定型全髋置换. 结果随访6个月～7年6个月,平均3年11个月.2例出现X线透亮带,但无临床不稳;4例遗留持续性疼痛,无假体脱位、断裂.本组Harris评分由术前的24～47分(平均38.6分),上升为术后的68～88分(平均82.4分),满意率87.9%. 结论无菌性松动是全髋关节置换术后翻修的主要原因.髋臼侧翻修假体可选择骨水泥型假体、也可选择生物型假体,股骨侧翻修假体均选择骨水泥固定型广泛涂层假体,感染后的翻修选择骨水泥假体较好.     

应用C2锥形扁柄假体行生物学固定型全髋关节置换术的中期疗效

目的 探讨应用C2锥形扁柄假体行生物学固定型全髋关节置换术(THA)的中期疗效. 方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2006年1月采用改良Harding入路C2锥形扁柄假体行生物学固定型THA的50例(55髋)患者资料,男21例(24髋),女29例(31髋)；年龄24～88岁,平均63.8岁.损伤或疾病类型:股骨颈骨折23例(23髋),股骨头坏死22例(25髋),骨性关节炎3例(5髋),类风湿关节炎2例(2髋).对术后及随访时的影像学资料进行分析,末次随访时采用髋关节Harris评分标准评定疗效. 结果 45例(50髋)患者术后获6～8年(平均7年)随访,5例死亡.末次随访时髋关节Harris评分从术前平均33分(26 ～53分)提高至95分(85 ～100分).43例(48髋)患者无大腿痛主诉,仅2例(2髋)从坐位站起时感到大腿轻度酸痛,大腿疼痛率为4.2％.术后1年内X线片显示假体下沉＜l.5mm者31髋,无假体下沉者19髋；术后2年内增生性骨反应见于Gruen 2、3、5、6、11区,吸收性骨反应见于Gruen 1、7区.末次随访时无一例出现股骨近端或髓内骨溶解、假体松动,按Engh标准评定:所有患者均获骨长入固定. 结论 C2锥形扁柄假体通过适当下沉能促进假体微孔涂层区的骨长入,其矩形设计能减少应力遮挡性骨吸收,用于生物学固定型THA的中期疗效满意.     

髓内打压植骨结合广泛多孔涂层长柄假体在股骨侧严重骨缺损（PaproskymA型）翻修术中的应用

目的 探讨股骨侧严重骨缺损（Paprosky ⅢA型）翻修中应用髓内打压植骨结合广泛多孔涂层长柄假体的临床疗效.方法 2006年3月～2010年9月,对38例（38髋）Paprosky ⅢA型股骨骨缺损患者行翻修重建,其中男24例,女14例,平均年龄62岁.翻修原因：骨溶解、无菌性松动29例,全髋关节置换术（THA）术后感染二期翻修6例,假体周围骨折3例（Vancouver B3型）.股骨侧干骺端骨缺损采用同种异体颗粒骨髓腔内打压植骨进行修复,股骨柄采用全涂层长柄假体（7～10英寸）.术后定期随访,髋关节功能评价采用Harris评分,影像学采用X线片及CT观察：假体柄有无松动下沉、股骨近端应力遮挡情况、植入的异体颗粒骨与宿主骨整合情况.结果 38例均获得随访,平均随访53.4个月（23～62个月）,Harris评分由术前平均42分（32～47分）,提高至末次随访时平均86分（69～95分）.无患者发生脱位、假体周围骨折.1例术后感染,行再次二期翻修;1例假体柄在术后6个月内下沉4.24 cm,再次翻修时选择更粗的假体柄,末次随访时假体柄稳定;其余所有患者假体柄均牢固固定.3例出现轻-中度应力遮挡.15例近端皮质骨密度及厚度有增加,厚度平均增加约1.8 mm（0.7～3.5 mm）,植入骨与宿主骨逐渐整合并增加了骨缺损区的骨质储备.结论严重骨缺损（Paprosky ⅢA型）的股骨翻修中,采用髓内颗粒骨打压植骨可以很好的修复股骨中上段骨缺损,重建股骨干骺端.依靠广泛多孔涂层长柄假体在远端的牢固压配固定,结合股骨干骺端髓内紧密打压植骨,使假体柄在股骨中上段及远端均能获得较好的初始稳定性,近期临床和影像学结果满意,远期疗效有待观察.     

S-Rom股骨柄假体在治疗髋关节发育不良中的应用

[目的]探讨S-Rom股骨柄假体对髋关节发育不良患者进行人工全髋关节置换术的疗效.[方法]将2008年6月～2011年6月,对19例(21髋)因髋关节发育不良(Ⅱ～Ⅳ型)引起严重的骨性关节炎及脱位的患者应用组配式(S-Rom,Depuy)假体进行全髋关节置换治疗,患者中女性18例,男性1例;随访12 ～36个月,平均24个月,进行术前、术后6个月的Harris评分并记录;记录术前、术后的股区视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估患者疼痛程度.术后复查X线片观察是否有骨溶解、假体松动、下沉等.[结果] Harris评分在术前与术后有显著性差异(P＜0.05),手术后髋关节活动明显改善;术前、术后的股区视觉模拟评分(VAS)有显著性(P＜0.05),术后股区疼痛明显减轻.术后首次X线片显示股骨柄假体的初始固定良好.术后6个月X线片显示有1髋股骨柄假体下沉＜1.5mm,此后未见有任何假体下沉.[结论]组配式S-Rom股骨柄假体(S-Rom,Depuy)应用在髋关节发育不良患者进行人工全髋关节置换术上疗效确切,能有效改善关节功能,解决髋关节发育存在的解剖变异.     

Tri-lock骨保留型股骨新假体全髋关节置换术的早期疗效观察

目的：探讨Tri-lock骨保留型股骨新假体全髋关节置换术的早期疗效和临床体会。方法：2010年5月至2011年7月,采用Tri-lock骨保留型股骨新假体行全髋关节置换术治疗31例（32髋）髋关节疾患,男18例,女13例;年龄50～77岁,平均60.5岁。其中股骨头坏死8例,新鲜股骨颈骨折13例,先天性髋关节发育不良10例。按照手术前后患者髋关节功能（Harris 标准）、术后股骨柄假体的生物学固定情况（Engh标准）、术后股骨侧的骨长入情况（按Gruen分区描述）等,对Tri-lock骨保留型股骨新假体临床应用特点进行分析。结果：术后患者均Ⅰ期临床愈合,无早期并发症发生。31例（32髋）均获随访,时间10～14个月,平均12.2个月。Harris髋关节评分从术前的38.3±4.9提高到最后随访的92.5±11.2（t=27.53,P〈0.01）.术后X线片显示关节假体位置良好,肢体长度及股骨偏心距基本恢复正常,股骨柄假体的初始固定均符合优良标准,置换后随访3个月的X线片示Gruen Ⅱ区和Ⅵ区的近段Gription微孔涂层区均出现典型的骨锚固征。结论：Tri-lock骨保留型假体设计更符合人体解剖特征,髋关节功能恢复快,骨量保留多,为治疗髋部疾患提供了一种新的更好的选择。     

非骨水泥长柄假体在髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的回顾性分析非骨水泥全涂层长柄假体在全髋关节翻修术中应用的临床疗效。方法对2006年1月至2011年1月四川大学华西医院收治的采用全涂层长柄假体全髋关节翻修术的53例患者（53髋）进行随访、分析。其中男26例,女27例;年龄49—78岁,平均62岁。股骨假体采用强生（Depuy）公司全涂层长度为165mm的直柄AML假体10例、全涂层165mm的Solution假体19例和203mm带弧度分左右侧的Solution假体24例。比较髋关节术前术后的Harris评分,x线片评价假体柄有无松动下沉及应力遮挡情况。结果53例患者均获随访,随访时间1．8～6．8年,平均4．7年。术前平均Harris评分为37分,最后随访时增加至86分。所有患者均在术后3个月后完全负重,原有髋关节疼痛缓解。在最后随访时,有45例股骨柄假体获得骨长人固定。并发症：术后脱位1例,手法复位后未再发生脱位,术后感染1例,假体柄明显下沉1例,后两例患者行再次翻修术,末次随访假体柄稳定。随访X线片显示多数患者骨质改建,密度增加,未发现假体周围有连续亮带及假体柄下沉的患者。结论复杂的股骨侧翻修手术,应尽可能选择非骨水泥长柄假体。特别是股骨干骺端骨质条件差,中段有骨缺损,近端不能获得牢固固定的病例。术中结合同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨处理股骨中上段中重度骨缺损,中期临床疗效良好,远期效果有待随访。     

Hyperbaric Oxygen and N-Acetylcysteine Treatment in L-Arginine-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats

ABSTRACT

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the combined effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. Methods: Experiments were performed in 50 male Wistar rats, which were divided into five groups (N = 10 for each group). The first group received normal saline (0.9% NaCl) intraperitoneal and served as the control group. In the second group, acute pancreatitis was induced by 3.2-g/kg body weight L-arginine intraperitoneal twice at an interval of 1 hr, which has been shown previously to produce severe necrotizing acute pancreatitis. In the third group, NAC treatment (1000 mg/kg) was given after 1 hr of the induction of acute pancreatitis twice 24 hr apart. In the fourth group, animals received HBO, 6 hr after the induction of pancreatitis twice 12 hr apart. In the fifth group, animals received together NAC as in Group 3 and HBO treatment as in Group 4. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were left under normal atmospheric pressures. Twelve hours after last treatment, the animals were killed by exsanguinations. Blood samples were studied for amylase, calcium, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pancreatic histology, pancreatic tissue malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione levels. Results: Acute pancreatitis is reduced by the treatment of NAC, HBO, NAC + HBO. HBO + NAC groups performed statistically the best in preventing L-arginine-induced acute necrotising pancreatitis. Conclusions: NAC especially combined with HBO, decreases oxidative stress parameters, serum amylase, calcium, and LDH levels, as well as histopathologic score.     

硝普钠阴茎海绵体内注射治疗阳萎的临床研究

本研究选择４２例阳萎患者，采用硝普钠进行阴茎海绵体注射（ＩＣＩ），并选择罂粟碱／酚妥拉明进行对照，结果表明，硝普钠ＩＣＩ后：（１）阴茎外形性状（长度、周径等）明显改变。（２）Ｖｉｒａｇ硬度计点表明硝普钠与罂粟碱／酚妥拉明效果之间无明显差别。（３）所有测试患者无一例出现低血压或局部不适等副反应，与罂粟碱／酚妥拉明相比各有优劣，但总体差异不大，这充分表明，硝普钠作为一种ＮＯ供体可导致阴茎平滑肌松弛，血窦充盈阴茎勃起，其副反应较小，有其临床应用之价值。     

糖皮质激素对肿瘤坏死因子引起的大鼠中性粒细胞粘附的影响

采用中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）与玻璃珠粘附和ＰＭＮ与血管内皮细胞（ＥＣ）粘附两种模型，以肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ），作为ＰＭＮ的刺激因子，研究糖皮质激素（ＧＣ）对ＴＮＦ引起的大鼠ＰＭＮ粘附的影响，同时给予糖皮质激素受体（ＧＲ）阻断剂ＲＵ３８４８６观察ＧＲ在粘附中的作用。结果发现，ＴＮＦ能明显增强大鼠ＰＭＮ的粘附（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｄｅｘ不能抑制经ＴＮＦ预处理的ＰＭＮ的粘附（Ｐ＞０．０５），但有一定的预防作用；经ＴＮＦ预处理再同时给予Ｄｅｘ和ＲＵ３８４８６的ＰＭＮ粘附同样明显增强（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Kelfiprim,a new sulpha-trimethoprim combination,versus cotrimoxazole,in the treatment of urinary tract infections: A multicentre,double-blind trial

Summary A new combination of trimethoprim with a sulphonamide, named Kelfiprim, differs from cotrimoxazole in that: a) the sulpha drug is sulphamethopyrazine instead of sulphamethoxazole; b) the trimethoprim to sulpha ratio is 5:4 instead of 1:5;c) the presence of a long-acting sulphonamide allows the administration of a daily dose of one capsule, following an initial loading dose of two capsules; d) a reduced amount of trimethoprim is given, as compared to cotrimoxazole, without any decrease of efficacy. Kelfiprim [KP] was compared to contrimoxazole [Co] in a multicentre double blind trial. Sixty four patients suffering from acute and chronic infections of the upper and lower urinary tract entered the study. Urine sterilisation and clinical improvement without relapses showed no differences from the two treatment groups. Tolerance was excellent except in two patients, one treated with KP and the other treated with Co, who showed a transient exanthema.     

Time-dependent hexaminolaevulinate induced protoporphyrin IX distribution after topical application in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A fluorescence microscopy study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Compared to the conventional management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) the potential advantage of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of cervical human papilloma virus (HPV)-related disease encompasses a minimal invasive procedure with reduced risk of profuse bleeding as a consequence of conization, and possibly more favorable long-term results avoiding cervical stenosis. At present little is known about the precise time-dependent distribution and histological localization of hexaminolaevulinate (HAL) induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence in healthy tissue and in CIN. The aim of this study was to use ex vivo fluorescence microscopy to determine whether PPIX is selectively induced by neoplastic cells of the cervical epithelium at various times after topical application. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cold cream containing 0.5% HAL was applied by means of cervical cap over various periods of time. We analyzed 52 healthy cervical mucosa and 84 CINs. RESULTS: At time delay 100 (+/-10) minutes, high epithelial fluorescence and a significant selectivity between epithelium and underlying lamina propria was found. By contrast, no significant difference between healthy and neoplastic tissues, or between low and high-grade epithelial dysplasia (P > or = 0.05), was observed at any time point. CONCLUSIONS: Application of HAL 0.5% cream to the cervix induced selective fluorescence in epithelial cells. The optimal ratio with a homogeneous PPIX distribution was obtained after 100 ( +/- 10) minutes cream application, which should be evaluated further for PDT.     

An updated review on the principles of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and the anaesthetic considerations

It is known that any surgery to the nervous system poses risks to neural structures and their surrounding structures. These mechanisms of injury are the result of mechanical manipulations, haemodynamic alterations, chemical or thermal injuries. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM), using various modalities, is employed to facilitate the assessment of the functional integrity of neural structures, and it is used to provide a real-time alerting system when changes caused by surgically induced insults are detected. The primary goal of IONM is reducing the risk of postoperative neurological deficits during these surgical procedures. It is used to provide information that allows the surgeon to correct any surgical interventions that may have compromised these systems and this also in turn provides guidance on what neurological deficits to anticipate postoperatively. Apart from being utilized as an alerting system to avoid catastrophic outcomes, IONM also assists as a guidance system using stimulation techniques to map out eloquent areas within the cortex, allowing identification of specific neuronal structures, particularly when landmarks cannot be easily recognized due to infiltration by pathological lesions.In this article, we focus on updating our previous paper published in 2019 and again, to provide attention to the various neurophysiological modalities that are employed in IONM. We will look at the basic underlying physiological principles and their individual indications for use clinically. We will explain the information that each modality provides. Importantly, and the primary reason for this article, we look at the various anaesthetic agents, their effects on each neurophysiological modality and other anaesthetic considerations such as haemodynamic and temperature effects. We will also recommend the use of an alert checklist for the multidisciplinary team should an intraoperative alert be issued during surgical procedures.