中国鼠尾草属酚酸类活性成分的分布规律研究

唇形科鼠尾草属（Salvia）植物，在全球约有1000种，中国约有84种，资源丰富且分布广泛，尤以中国西南地区为多。本属是药用植物的一个重要类群。为了深入探讨本属植物在亲缘学、化学成分及传统疗效方面的联系，我们应用HPLC—DAD法检测了分布于本属的酚酸类成分。研究表明，本属植物所含酚酸类成分相当丰富，尤其是在宽球苏组和丹参组的植物中。这两个类群中的药用植物在传统疗效方面具有活血通经、通络的功效，在民间作为“丹参”使用的植物皆来自这两组。然而我们的实验数据表明，适合作“丹参”入药的植物仅仅限制在丹参组中。同时，鼠尾草亚属的植物在传统疗效方面具有清热、凉血的倾向，这类植物是寻找抗菌、抗病毒、抗癌等药物的重要研究对象。     

中国鼠尾草属植物传统药物学的调查

目的对唇形科鼠尾草属药用植物野生的种类,特别是对传统道地药材以及重要民族药资源的地理分布进行调查与整理,为鼠尾草属药用植物的资源开发和利用提供客观和科学的依据。方法查阅文献记载、野外资源调查和药用植物采集以及整理标本馆植物标本原始记录的方法。结果中国地区分布的本属药用植物共有43种(不包括变种),主要集中分布在孤隔鼠尾草亚属宽球苏组、荔枝草亚属丹参组和鼠尾草亚属这几个植物类群中。结论此次调查研究为中国鼠尾草属药用植物的综合利用和深入研究提供一定的依据。     

中药酚酸类成分的研究进展

中药酚酸类成分广泛分布在药用植物中，如忍冬科忍冬属的金银花，蔷薇科的托盘根，菊科的蒲公英、灯盏花，唇形科的鼠尾草，橄榄科的方榄，伞形科的当归、川芎等。这些植物中的各种酚酸类成分具有的药理学活性，如清除自由基、抗炎、抗病毒、免疫调节、抗凝血及抗肿瘤作用已经被越来越多的人所重视。鉴于此，我们将近些年来酚酸类化学成分及其药理作用的研究进展作以综述，并预测了这类成分的开发前景。     

茄科含莨菪烷类生物碱类群药用植物亲缘学初探

茄科Solanaceae在我国分布24属105种35变种,茄科部分药用植物含有丰富的莨菪烷类生物碱(tropane alkaloids, TAs),具有显著的药理活性。该文归纳总结了茄科含TAs植物类群的地理分布、化学成分、传统疗效、现代药理活性及TAs生物合成途径等信息,利用网络关系图可视化方式进行了茄科含TAs植物类群药用植物亲缘学的初步探讨。通过分析化学分布规律可以发现,我国茄科24个属中含TAs并有药用记录的有14个属,TAs主要存在于曼陀罗属Datura、山莨菪属Anisodus、颠茄属Atropa、泡囊草属Physochlaina、天仙子属Hyoscyamus中。通过分析地理分布发现,茄科含TAs植物类群在西南地区等高海拔地域分布最为集中,且TAs物质含量与植物分布地区、海拔高度有密切的关系。茄科含TAs植物类群主要具有解痉止痛、平喘止咳等功效,现代药理学研究证明TAs具有中枢镇静、扩瞳、抑制腺体分泌、抗哮喘等作用,这些药理作用为莨菪烷类药物的传统疗效提供了合理的科学解释。该文首次将茄科含TAs类群的地理分布、化学成分、传统疗效和现代药理活性创新性关联分析,在这些数据的基础上初步探讨了茄科含TAs植物类群的亲缘学关系,为指导茄科含TAs类群的基础研究提供科学依据,对进一步寻找TAs的天然药用植物资源有重要意义。     

鼠尾草属中药材基原考证

通过系统查阅古籍本草文献,结合植物志对鼠尾草属药用植物形态与地理分布的描述,对本草中记载的作为中药材使用的6种鼠尾草属药材的基原植物进行考证,指出丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza及其近缘种是丹参的基原植物,云南鼠尾草S.yunnanensis是滇丹参的基原植物,荔枝草S.plebeia是荔枝草的基原植物,石见穿的基原植物为菊科植物鬼针草Bidens pilosa或华鼠尾草S.chinensis,鼠尾草S.japanica是鼠尾草的基原植物,关公须S.kiangsiensis为叶下红的基原植物。这为进一步理清鼠尾草属药材基原植物亲缘关系,挖掘开发鼠尾草属药用植物新的药源提供了线索与依据。     

鼠尾草属植物化学成分及生物活性研究的新进展

唇形科鼠尾草属包括大约1 000余种植物,广泛分布在全球各地的温带和热带地区。许多鼠尾草属植物是历史悠久的重要药用植物,其中丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza的干燥根和根茎)是许多亚洲国家最常用的传统植物药材之一。该属植物的化学成分主要类型有倍半萜类,二萜类,三萜类,甾体类和多酚类等;这些化合物多具有抗菌,抗寄生虫,抗氧化,抗炎,抗肿瘤以及抗血小板聚集等作用。为了更好的开发利用鼠尾草属植物,该文对近5年来从该属植物中发现的新化合物及其生物活性进行了综述。     

甘肃丹参(甘西鼠尾草)的研究与应用评价

中药丹参来源于唇形科植物丹参Salviamiltior rhizaBunge的干燥根及根茎 ,为我国传统中药材 ,国内外有关丹参的研究也主要围绕该植物开展。早在2 0世纪 70年代国内学者对鼠尾草属 (Salvia)其它药用植物进行研究 ,发现甘西鼠尾草S przewalskii为品质优良的药用资源 ,具有进一步推广应用前景。本文对甘西鼠尾草的研究进行概述 ,从中了解其开发潜力 ,为合理利用资源参考。1　本草及药用历史诸本草对丹参的认识基本一致 ,原植物即丹参S miltiorrhiza ,本品在国内分布广 ,各地均作丹参 ,为古代药用丹参主流品种不容置疑。鼠尾草属 (Salvia)其…     

诱导子对丹参毛状根中丹参酮类成分积累影响

丹参为唇形科鼠尾草属植物丹参Salvia m iltior-rhizaBge·的干燥根。丹参原植物具有繁殖能力强,易于栽培的特点,目前国内外展开了大量的组织和细胞培养研究[1,2]。毛状根能产生大量的次生代谢物,特别适合药用植物的活性成分大量生产[3]。丹参毛状根系统具有生长速度较快,遗传性稳定,成为了生产丹参药理活性物质的良好培养体系[4,5]。有报道YE(yeast extracts)与不同诱导子组合对处理7d后丹参毛状根中丹参酮类成分的影响[6]。本....     

HPLC法同时测定丹参注射液中4种酚酸类成分

丹参为唇形科鼠尾草属植物丹参（Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge）的干燥根及根茎。丹参注射液是丹参的常用制剂，具有活血化瘀、通脉养心的功效。临床上广泛用于治疗冠心病胸闷，心绞痛等心血管系统疾病。丹参水溶性成分多为邻苯二羟基类化台物，主要有丹参素、原儿茶醛、原儿茶酸、丹参酸乙、丹参酸丙、丹酚酸A、丹酚酸B等^[1]。     

丹参及其主要成分在冠心病及胰腺炎等疾病中的治病机制

丹参（salvia miltiorrhiza ）又名紫丹参、血红参,为唇形科鼠尾草属植物,以干燥的根供药用,其主要成分包括亲脂性化合物丹参酮-Ⅰ、ⅡA、ⅡB、隐丹参酮等;亲水性化合物如各种丹酚酸（又名丹参缩酚酸,主要分A、B两种类型）、丹参素、原儿茶醛等;以及其他一些化合物。丹参具有活血祛瘀、镇静安神、消肿止痛等良好功效,在治疗心脑血管疾病如冠心病     

South African Salvia species: a review of biological activities and phytochemistry

The genus Salvia (sage) belongs to the Lamiaceae and encompasses 900 species worldwide of which ca. 26 indigenous species are found in southern Africa. Salvia is the largest genus in this family and constitutes almost one quarter of the Lamiaceae. In South Africa, the majority of Salvia species are distributed predominantly in the Cape region. Salvia species are used in many parts of the world to treat various conditions. Many sages, if not all, form an integral part of traditional healing in South Africa particularly in regions where they occur in abundance. Several species are used to treat microbial infections, cancer, malaria, inflammation, loss of memory and to disinfect homes after sickness. Despite the extensive traditional use and the general interest in phytoconstituents of Salvia it remains ironic that research on the South African counterparts has until recently been neglected. The review aims to collate recent research results on the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of indigenous species. Bio-active compounds with antiplasmodial and antibacterial activities have been isolated and structurally elucidated from Salvia chamelaegnea, Salvia radula and Salvia verbenaca. The essential oil composition of Salvia showed the dominance of monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing monoterpenes and oxygen- containing sesquiterpenes. Salvia runcinata is identified as an alternative source of natural alpha-bisabolol. Many pharmacological activities are summarised (anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, analgesic, antipyretic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive) as a first attempt to provide scientific support for past and present local traditional uses.     

The pharmacological effects of Salvia species on the central nervous system

Salvia is an important genus consisting of about 900 species in the family Lamiaceae. Some species of Salvia have been cultivated world wide for use in folk medicine and for culinary purposes. The dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, for example, has been used extensively for the treatment of coronary and cerebrovascular disease, sleep disorders, hepatitis, hepatocirrhosis, chronic renal failure, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, carbuncles and ulcers. S. officinalis, S. leriifolia, S. haematodes, S. triloba and S. divinorum are other species with important pharmacological effects. In this review, the pharmacological effects of Salvia species on the central nervous system will be reviewed. These include sedative and hypnotic, hallucinogenic, skeletal muscle relaxant, analgesic, memory enhancing, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective and antiparkinsonian activity, as well as the inhibition of ethanol and morphine withdrawal syndrome.     

In vitro antiproliferative effect of six Salvia species on human tumor cell lines

This study was designed to examine the in vitro antiproliferative activity of the methanol crude extracts of six Salvia species: Salvia dominica L. leaves, Salvia lanigera Desf. aerial parts, Salvia menthaefolia Ten. roots, Salvia palaestina Benth. aerial parts, Salvia sclarea L. roots and Salvia spinosa L. aerial parts. Extracts were screened for their possible antitumoral activity by MTT test on nine human cancer cell lines: glioblastoma (DBTRG-05MG, T98G, U-87MG), colorectal adenocarcinoma (WiDr and HT-29), prostate adenocarcinoma (MDA Pca2b), choriocarcinoma (JEG-3), endometrium adenocarcinoma (HEC-1A) and B lymphoblast (CIR). IC(50) values were determined for only five extracts and ranged from 90 to 400 microg/mL approximately. Salvia menthaefolia extract exhibited marked antiproliferative activity against all tumor cell lines showing lower IC(50) values, while S. spinosa, S. sclarea and S. dominica extracts showed a degree cytotoxic activity dependent on the cell line type. Finally S. palaestina extract revealed a moderate antiproliferative effect only against three cell lines. Salvia lanigera extract displayed toxic activity at all concentrations tested. The results strengthen the evidence that the genus Salvia could be considered a natural resource of potential antitumor agents.     

From local to global—Fifty years of research on Salvia divinorum

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In 1962 ethnopharmacologists, Hofmann and Wasson, undertook an expedition to Oaxaca, Mexico. These two researchers were the first scientists to collect a flowering specimen of Salvia divinorum allowing the identification of this species. While the species' traditional use is confined to a very small region of Mexico, since Hofmann and Wasson's expedition 50 years ago, Salvia divinorum has become globally recognized for its main active constituent, the diterpene salvinorin A, which has a unique effect on human physiology. Salvinorin A is a kappa-opioid agonist and the first reported psychoactive diterpene.

Methods

This review concentrates on the investigation of Salvia divinorum over the last 50 years including ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, taxonomy, systematics, genetics, chemistry and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic research. For the purpose of this review, online search engines were used to find relevant research. Searches were conducted between October 2011 and September 2013 using the search term “Salvia divinorum”. Papers were excluded if they described synthetic chemical synthesis of salvinorin A or analogues.

Results

Ethnobotanically there is a comprehensive body of research describing the traditional Mazatec use of the plant, however, the modern ethnobotanical use of this plant is not well documented. There are a limited number of botanical investigations into this plant and there are still several aspects of the botany of Salvia divinorum which need further investigation. One study has investigated the phylogenetic relationship of Salvia divinorum to other species in the genus. To date the main focus of chemistry research on Salvia divinorum has been salvinorin A, the main active compound in Salvia divinorum, and other related diterpenoids. Finally, the effects of salvinorin A, a KOR agonist, have primarily been investigated using animal models.

Conclusions

As Salvia divinorum use increases worldwide, the emerging cultural use patterns will warrant more research. More botanical information is also needed to better understand this species, including germination, pollination vector and a better understanding of the endemic environment of Salvia divinorum. As well there is a gap in the genetic knowledge of this species and very little is known about its intra-species genetics. The terpenes in Salvia divinorum are very well documented, however, other classes of constituents in this species warrant further investigation and identification. To date, the majority of the pharmacology research on Salvia divinorum has focused on the effects of salvinorin A using animal models. Published human studies have not reported any harmful effects when salvinorin A is administered within the dose range of 0.375–21 µg/kg but what are the implications when applied to a larger population? More data on the toxicology and safety of Salvia divinorum are needed before larger scale clinical trials of the potential therapeutic effects of Salvia divinorum and salvinorin A are undertaken.     

The in vitro pharmacological activities and a chemical investigation of three South African Salvia species

Salvia species (sage) are well known in folk medicine throughout the world. In South Africa sage is used against fever and digestive disorders. Three closely related South African species (Salvia stenophylla, Salvia repens and Salvia runcinata) were investigated for their anti-oxidant (DPPH assay); anti-inflammatory (5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase assays); antimalarial (tritiated hypoxanthine incorporation assay); antimicrobial (disc diffusion and micro-dilution assays) properties and toxicity profile (tetrazolium-based assay). The solvent extracts exhibited anti-oxidant, antimalarial and antibacterial and poor anti-inflammatory properties. The essential oils exhibited anti-inflammatory and antimalarial properties, but displayed poor anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activity. The extract of Salviastenophylla and the essential oil of Salvia runcinata displayed the highest toxicity profile. Overall, Salvia runcinata displayed the most favorable activity of all three taxa tested with an IC(50) value of 6.09 (anti-oxidant); 29.05 (antimalarial) and 22.82 microg/ml (anti-inflammatory). Analytical procedures (GC-MS and HPLC-UV) were employed to generate chromatographic profiles for the essential oils and solvent extracts respectively. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of rosmarinic acid in all three taxa while carnosic acid was only present in Salvia repens and Salvia stenophylla. The GC-MS analysis showed that oils were qualitatively and quantitatively variable. beta-Caryophyllene was present in large amounts in all three taxa. Other components present include camphor, alpha-pinene and alpha-bisabolol. The results of the in vitro pharmacological activities provide a scientific basis to validate the use of these Salvia species in traditional medicine in South Africa.     

泰山种植与野生的丹参微量元素含量比较

目的：分析比较种植与野生丹参微量元素的含量。方法：用原子吸收分光光度法分别测定两种丹参中锌、铜、铁等8种微量元素的含量，对两种丹参的微量元素含量进行比较。结果：种植丹参与野生丹参中均含丰富的微量元素，野生丹参中锰含量高于种植丹参，铁含量低于种植丹参，其它6种元素含量相近。结论：种植与野生丹参微量元素的含量不存在明显差异。     

A novel dimeric diterpene from Salvia prionitis

A novel dimeric abietane diterpene, hongencaotone (1), has been isolated from the roots of Salvia prionitis, and its structure was determined by spectral data interpretation and X-ray analysis. Hongencaotone (1) is the first ether-linked heterodimeric diterpene to have been isolated from the genus Salvia.     

山东产丹参遗传多样性的扩增片段长度多态性指纹分析

目的研究山东产丹参的遗传多样性,初步探讨扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)分子标记技术在丹参道地性鉴别上的应用。方法采用扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)技术对山东产15个丹参样本进行DNA多态性分析。结果利用4对引物组合构建了15个丹参样本的DNA指纹图谱,通过相似性和聚类结果分析,丹参和白花丹参样本的遗传相似性较低,聚类结果也划分为两大类群,证明它们之间的亲缘关系较远,分化明显。临沂地区的野生和栽培丹参样本聚在一类,且栽培品种和野生品种之间具有一定的遗传差异。结论山东产丹参具有一定的遗传多样性,AFLP技术可用于丹参道地性鉴别。     

丹参和白花丹参叶的化学成分药理研究及临床应用

目的:探讨丹参和白花丹参叶的化学成分药理研究及临床应用,为新药的研制奠定基础。方法:通过参阅大量相关文献,对丹参和白花丹参叶的化学成分、药理研究及临床应用进行分析总结。结果:丹参和白花丹参叶所具有的抗氧化作用均能较好的预防脑梗塞,与根相比叶对脑缺血的保护作用更强,在对心脑血管疾病的防预治疗中被广泛应用;白花丹参叶中的水提物对糖尿病代谢紊乱症状的改善能够起到长期稳定的效果;另外丹参叶在治疗扁平疣、冠心病心绞痛等方面也具有较好的效果。结论:丹参和白花丹参叶均具有稳定的药理作用,但目前在抗氧化和保护脑梗塞的药理研究中仍以白花丹参叶为主,对于丹参叶的药理研究和临床应用则很少。因此对丹参叶主要化学成分进行深入的药理研究是很有必要的。