有关癫癎患者再次手术问题：五例报告并文献分析

目的回顾5例手术失败癫癎患者临床诊断与治疗经过,探讨失败原因,总结经验教训。方法与结果5例首次手术失败癫癎患者,男4例,女1例;年龄最小2岁7个月、最大24岁。其中胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤3例,海马硬化伴皮质发育不良2例。首次手术失败原因分别为病灶和（或）致痼灶切除不完全（3例）、颞叶内侧致痼灶切除不彻底（1例）和致痼灶定位错误或欠精确（1例）。均经再次手术联合抗癫癎药物或伽玛刀治疗获得较好预后,疗效评价达Engel标准I级者4例,Ⅲ级者1例;谭启富标准达满意者4例,良好者1例。结论导致癫癎手术失败的原因可能与致癎灶切除不彻底有关。通过严格的术前评价施行再次手术不失为最佳纠正方法,并可获得良好效果。     

难治性癫癇显微手术治疗22例分析

我院1997年1月～2001年12月,对22例有颅内病灶的难治性癫癇施行显微手术,取得较满意的效果,现报告如下:     

难治性癫癎显微手术治疗22例分析

我院1997年1月～2001年12月,对22例有颅内病灶的难治性癫施行显微手术,取得较满意的效果,现报告如下:1对象与方法1.1一般资料本组男18例,女4例;年龄2.5～66岁,其中20岁以下者17例(80%)。病程1.5～10年。均表现为癫大发作加局限性发作。癫病因:外伤性6例,产伤2例,局灶性脑炎2例,蛛网膜囊肿者12例。均经抗癫药物治疗1年以上。1.2辅助检查脑电地形图检查:均行3～10次头皮脑电图,5例行24h动态脑电图,均有局灶性癫放电。其中有阵发性弥漫性癫放电者6例。头颅CT扫描示蛛网膜囊肿12例,外伤性脑软化灶7例,一侧巨脑症、另一侧脑萎缩3例。1.3手术方法…     

癫患者心理治疗临床观察

目的 观察癫癎患者心理干预的效果.方法 应用格瑞思<症状自评量表SCL-90>,对317例癫癎患者的心理状态进行评估,在抗癫癎药物治疗的同时,以多种心理咨询方式对患者进行心理干预.结果 317例患者经心理干预后,干预组治疗前后疗效显著(P<0.01),对照组前后比较差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05),干预组追踪测试结果 与治疗后相比无明显差别,干预效果比较稳定(P＞0.05).结论 多数患者因心理障碍影响生活质量.心理干预是消除或减轻患者心理障碍的有效治疗方法 ,应成为癫癎综合治疗不可缺少的组成部分.     

125例颞叶癫手术远期疗效分析

目的评价颞叶癫手术的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析125例颞叶癫手术患者,术前、术后进行全面评估。结果本组125例无手术死亡及严重并发症,术后随访2～3a,疗效按Engel的标准评定,Engel’s效果分级：I级（术后无癫发作）81例（64.80%）,Ⅱ级（极少发作,1～2次/a）20例（16.00%）,Ⅲ级（发作频率减少75%以上）16例（12.80%）,Ⅳ级（发作频率减少75%以下）8例（6.40%）,总有效率93.6%。结论外科手术治疗颞叶癫是一种安全、有效的方法,疗效理想。     

颞叶癫癎21例手术治疗分析

目的探讨颞叶癫癎的外科治疗方法及效果.方法 21例颞叶癫癎患者,术前均行EEG、MRI检查,其中6例行PET检查,经定侧定位后,行手术治疗.其中13例行标准前颞叶切除术,5例行病灶切除+致癎灶切除,3例行选择性海马杏仁核切除.术中应用皮层电极或深部电极进行监测;神经导航下海马钙化切除1例.结果术后无明显并发症,均取得满意近期效果.结论海马硬化是颞叶癫癎发生的主要原因;手术是治疗颞叶癫癎的重要手段,且疗效满意.     

顽固性癫癎的联合性手术治疗分析

目的探讨顽固性癫癎的几种联合性手术治疗的临床效果。方法48例顽固性癫癎患者中,10例病灶位于功能区,采用病灶切除加多处软脑膜下横切(MST);22例病灶及致癎灶位于非功能区,采用病灶、致癎灶切除加周边区MST;11例病灶位于侧裂、前颞叶内或癎灶位于颞叶内,采用病灶、前颞叶切除加颞叶新皮层MST;3例致癎灶广泛存在于一侧或双侧大脑半球,采用广泛性额叶MST加胼胝体前2/3切开。结果本组48例无手术死亡及严重并发症。术后随访0.5~5年,平均3.4年。有效率(发作频率减少50%以上)91.67%,显效率(发作频率减少75%以上)81.25%,效差或无效8.33%。结论顽固性癫癎的联合性手术治疗疗效确切可靠。     

癫患者焦虑抑郁情绪研究

目的：探讨癫癎患者焦虑抑郁情绪的有关因素。方法：80例成年癫癎患者，前期诊疗不规范，采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）评估。结果：癫癎合并焦虑情绪者25％，合并抑郁情绪者45％。多因素回归分析结果显示，病程越长，发作程度越严重，男性患者更易产生焦虑情绪，而居住在农村的癫癎患者更易产生抑郁情绪。结论：癫癎患者焦虑抑郁情绪明显高于正常人群，性别、病程、发作严重程度和生活居住地是影响癫癎患者焦虑抑郁情绪的独立危险因素。     

甲状腺机能亢进后癫癎再次发作一例报告

1病例报告患者男，32岁。入院前18个月在劳动中抽搐，当时突然昏倒，尖叫一声，四肢抽动。初2个月共抽搐5次，每次约10min，曾将舌尖咬破并有尿便失禁。后到门诊就诊，颅脑CT检查未见异常，眼苯妥英钠0．1g，每日3次，一直服药，已有近14个月抽搐无发作。入院前4个月抽搐又发作，每周2～3次，给予加用苯巴比妥钠30mg口服，每日3次，已近4个月未见效果。以癫大发作原因待诊收住院。患者近半年怕热，多汗，容易饥饿，食量增加，而体重下降约3kg。既往体健，无严重颅脑外伤史。体查：T37．8℃、BP16／11kPa。甲状腺1度肿大，对称，质软，未…     

顽固性癫(癎)的联合性手术治疗分析

目的探讨顽固性癫痈的几种联合性手术治疗的临床效果。方法48例顽固性癫痈患者中,10例病灶位于功能区,采用病灶切除加多处软脑膜下横切（MST）;22例病灶及致痈灶位于非功能区,采用病灶、致痈灶切除加周边区MST;11例病灶位于侧裂、前颞叶内或痈灶位于颞叶内,采用病灶、前颞叶切除加颞叶新皮层MST;3例致痈灶广泛存在于一侧或双侧大脑半球,采用广泛性额叶MST加胼胝体前2／3切开。结果本组48例无手术死亡及严重并发症。术后随访0．5～5年,平均3．4年。有效率（发作频率减少50％以上）91．67％,显效率（发作频率减少75％以上）81．25％,效差或无效8．33％。结论顽固性癫痈的联合性手术治疗疗效确切可靠。     

椎管内良性肿瘤再次手术原因分析

目的 分析椎管内良性肿瘤再次手术的原因。方法 回顾十年来13例行二次以上手术的椎管内良性肿瘤的临床资料。结果 二次手术时发现肿瘤复发8例,残留3例,髓内囊肿1例,肿瘤漏诊1例;三次手术4例;四次手术1例;六次手术1例。治愈8例,好转2例,无变化1例,加重2例。结论 椎管内良性肿瘤再次手术的主要原因为肿瘤复发、残留、漏诊或疤痕粘连。对复发肿瘤早期诊断和再切除,将有助于提高椎管内良性肿瘤整体治愈水平。     

Transient epileptic amnesia: a neurosurgical case report

One memory disorder that is potentially treatable with antiepileptic drugs is transient epileptic amnesia (TEA). Working diagnostic consensus criteria for TEA include: (1) a history of recurrent witnessed episodes of transient amnesia; (2) confirmation by a reliable witness that cognitive functions other than memory are intact during typical episodes; and (3) evidence for a diagnosis of epilepsy. We describe a case with both complex partial seizures and episodes of TEA. This is the first reported case of a neurosurgical intervention for symptoms resembling those described in refractory TEA. Video/EEG, 3-T MRI, neuropathology, and neurological as well as neuropsychological findings are presented with postsurgical clinical outcome. The patient underwent right anterior amygdalohippocampectomy for symptoms resembling refractory TEA with additional complex partial seizures at our epilepsy surgical center. She remained seizure free at the 15-month follow-up, and memory complaints remitted. This case report illustrates one memory disorder, transient epileptic amnesia, that is potentially treatable with antiepileptic drugs or surgery.     

抗GABA_B受体脑炎5例报道及文献复习

目的探讨抗γ-氨基丁酸受体(GABA_BR)脑炎的临床特点及诊治。方法对5例抗GABA_BR脑炎患者临床表现、辅助检查等进行回顾性分析及文献回顾。结果 5例抗GABA_B抗体阳性患者均亚急性起病,表现为难治性癫痫,其中1例以性格改变、2例以抽搐、2例以记忆减退为首发症状。3例患者头部MRI显示边缘系统异常高信号,3例脑电图显示异常,2例脑脊液检查合并其它自身免疫抗体,2例肺部CT或PET-CT扫描提示肺部占位。经给予丙球或激素治疗明显好转。结论 (1)抗GABA_B受体脑炎首发症状多样,主要表现为难治性癫痫。(2)对于怀疑边缘性脑炎(LE)患者应筛查抗GABA_B受体抗体。(3)对抗GABA_B受体抗体阳性的患者应该积极进行肿瘤的筛查。     

101例癫(癎)患者的发病诱因及其行为干预

目的探讨部分癫病人的发病诱因和行为干预疗效。方法对101例癫病人的发病诱因进行临床分析,并实施行为干预。结果71例未发作(64.36%);再发作30例(35.64%),其中有诱因23例(76.67%)。有脑电图和/或影像学异常改变者复发率明显增高。结论对有明确诱因且脑电图和影像学无异常的大部分病人不需药物治疗,正确的行为干预亦可获得较满意疗效。     

101例癫(癎)患者的发病诱因及其行为干预

目的探讨部分癫癎病人的发病诱因和行为干预疗效。方法对101例癫癎病人的发病诱因进行临床分析，并实施行为干预。结果71例未发作（64．36％）；再发作30例（35．64％），其中有诱因23例（76．67％）。有脑电图和／或影像学异常改变者复发率明显增高。结论对有明确诱因且脑电图和影像学无异常的大部分病人不需药物治疗，正确的行为干预亦可获得较满意疗效。     

Psychosis after epilepsy surgery: report of three cases

Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery has become a successful alternative in patients with refractory epilepsy. However, the outcome of epilepsy surgery may be affected by the occurrence of postsurgical psychiatric symptoms, such as psychosis. This report describes three cases of refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis, which, after anterior temporal lobectomy, presented with acute psychosis. One of them had a history of acute psychosis, and all of them met criteria for Cluster A personality disorder (schizoid/schizotypal) during psychiatric assessment prior to surgery. The three cases had a good seizure outcome (Engel I), but, on follow-up during the first year after surgery, developed an acute psychotic episode compatible with schizoaffective disorder; brief psychotic disorder; and a delusional disorder, respectively, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Treatment with low-dose risperidone was successful.     

Hemispherectomy for intractable seizures in children: a report of 58 cases

Fifty-eight children who underwent anatomical, functional, or modified anatomical hemispherectomy for intractable seizures from 1986 to 1995 were evaluated for seizure control, motor function, and complications. Age at surgery ranged from 0.3 to 17.3 years (median 2.8 years). Twenty-seven anatomical, 27 functional, and 4 modified anatomical hemispherectomies were performed. Seizure control and motor function in the 50 patients with more than 1 year follow-up revealed a 90% or better reduction in seizure frequency in 44/50 (88%) overall: 19/22 (86%) anatomical, 23/26 (89%) functional, and 2/2 modified anatomical. Motor function of the preoperatively hemiparetic extremities was improved or unchanged postoperatively in 38/50 (76%) of the patients. Complications included one intraoperative death, one late death from shunt obstruction managed elsewhere, late postoperative seizure breakthrough requiring reoperation and further disconnection in 5/27 functional hemispherectomy patients, mild cerebrospinal fluid infections in 3/27 anatomical hemispherectomy patients, and hydrocephalus requiring shunting in 3/27 functional hemispherectomy patients. A review of the literature and comparison of techniques is presented.     

继发性癫痫患者68例临床特征分析

目的 探讨脑卒中继发癫痫患者的临床特征.方法 冀中能源峰峰集团有限公司总医院神经内科自2002年6月至2008年12月共收治经CT证实的脑卒中住院患者1082例,其中继发癫痫患者68例,回顾性分析脑卒中继发癫痫患者的临床资料,总结癫痫发作的主要类型、部位及其与脑卒中的类型和病灶部位的关系.结果 脑卒中继发癫痫患者癫痫发作部位主要位于中颞叶、类型以单纯部分性发作较多,脑出血患者继发癫痫的发病率高于脑梗死和蛛网膜下腔出血患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).脑卒中病灶部位在脑叶的患者继发癫痫的发病率高于其他部位,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 脑卒中患者中脑出血、病灶累及脑叶者易继发癫痫,继发性癫痫病灶主要位于中颞叶,发病类型以单纯性部分发作较多.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the clinical features of epilepsy after stroke. Methods One thousand and eighty-two patients with stroke, admitted to our hospital from June 2002 to December 2008,were chosen. The clinical data of 68 of these patients having epilepsy after stroke were collected; the clinical characteristics, seizure types and locations were summarized; the relations between epilepsy and both the stroke types and the locations of stroke lesions were analyzed. Results In patients with secondary epilepsy, the lesion of seizure mainly located in the temporal lobe with simple partial seizure as its main seizure type; patients with epilepsy secondary to cerebral hemorrhage had a higher prevalence as compared with those secondary to cerebral infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage (P＜0.05). Patients with secondary epilepsy having their lesions in the lobes had a higher prevalence as compared with those having their lesions in other locations (P＜0.05) Conclusion Stroke patients having cerebral hemorrhage and lesions in the lobes are likely to have secondary epilepsy; the lesion mainly locates in the middle of the temporal lobe; simple partial seizure is common.     

癫痫患者的突然意外死亡

癫痫患者突然意外死亡(sudden unexpected death in epilepsy,SUDEP)是指检证明没有解剖和毒理学原因的癫痫患者的突然死亡,它是慢性癫痫患者抽搐相关死亡最常见的原因.