Oral health status of adults with Down syndrome in Hong Kong

The aim of this survey was to study the oral health status of Hong Kong Chinese adults with Down syndrome (DS). Sixty‐five community‐dwelling adults with DS (aged 17 to 42 years, 26.8±6.4) and age‐and gender‐matched contrais attending a dental hospital were included in a cross‐sectional survey. The subjects with DS had fewer filled (2.4±4.6 vs. 2.7±3.1, p=0.017) and fewer decayed (1.1±2.5 vs. 1.7±2.4, p=0.007) teeth than the control subjects. Significantly more peg‐shaped maxillary lateral incisors and retained primary teeth (p<0.001) were observed in subjects with DS, compared to the control subjects. Adults who had DS had a significantly higher percentage of surfaces with detectable plaque (81.5±19.1 vs. 61.9±16.0. p<0.001) and a higher percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (76.3±25.8 vs. 55.6±21.4, p<0.001). A higher proportion of subjects with DS showed one or more occurrences where probing pocket depth was ≥6mm than control subjects (49%vs. 24.5%, p<0.021). In conclusion, while having fewer caries, Hong Kong Chinese adults with DS had poorer periodontal health than age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects.     

A survey on oral health status and treatment needs of life-imprisoned inmates in central jails of Karnataka, India

Background: The prison population is a unique and challenging one with many health problems, including poor oral health. In a developing country like India, oral health problems of the prisoners had received scant attention. Objectives: To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of life imprisoned inmates and to know the existing oral health care facilities available in central jails of Karnataka. Materials and methodology design: Cross sectional survey Participants: A systematically selected sample of 800 life imprisoned inmates, were interviewed and examined using modified WHO oral health assessment proforma (1997). Results: The prevalence of caries was 97.5% mean Decayed Missing Filled Teeth(DMFT) was 5.26; Majority of the study population had Community Periodontal Index(CPI) score of 2, whereas 21.6% had at least one sextant with a CPI score of 4. 41.1% prisoners were severely affected with loss of attachment. 8.8% inmates had dentures. Oral sub mucous fibrosis was observed among 9.9% of prisoners. 97.4% of the subjects needed oral hygiene instruction, 87.6% needed restoration, 62.1% extraction of teeth and 32.2% needed prosthesis. Bangalore and Mysore central jail had oral health care facilities on regular basis. Conclusion: This study emphasises the need for special attention from government and voluntary organisations to improve the oral health of inmates.     

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口腔疾病患病率和发病率特别高,是主要的公共卫生问题之一。特别在社会低收入人群中,口腔疾病已经成为主要的疾病负担之一。本文就我国口腔流行病学资料,对我国目前口腔疾病的现状、改变的趋势、发展及对策做一论述和探讨。     

The second national survey of oral health status of children and adults in China

OBJECTIVES: To describe the oral health status of Chinese children and adults at national level in relation to location and province and to highlight changes in dental caries experience. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, oral epidemiological survey based on WHO methodology, clinical examinations. SETTING: National survey by National Committee for Oral Health. SUBJECTS: Representative samples of provinces, districts, townships; cluster sampling including subjects aged 5,12,15,18, 35-44 and 65-74. Each age group consisted of 23,452 participants, i.e. total of 140,712 individuals. RESULTS: At age 5, 76.6% were affected by dental caries and mean dmft was 4.5. Mean DMFT varied from 1.0 in 12-year-olds, 1.4 in 15-year-olds, 1.6 in 18-year-olds, 2.1 in 35-44-year-olds to 12.4 in 65-74-year-olds. In adults, caries experience was higher in females than in males. The effect of urbanisation on caries prevalence in children varied by province and age. Among adolescents and young adults caries levels were high in urban areas while caries experience was high for old-age people of rural areas. At national level, changes in dental caries prevalence of 12- and 15-year-olds were small. However, some provinces with extensive oral health programmes (e.g. Love Teeth Day) showed declining caries experience whereas provinces with limited preventive activities had increasing levels of caries. For all age groups, gingival bleeding and calculus were most frequent. Severe periodontal conditions were relatively rare. CONCLUSION: The systematic implementation of preventive oral care and community-oriented health programmes are needed for the continuous promotion of oral health in China.     

Oral health status of adult population in Athens, Greece

An epidemiological study of dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral hygiene status in 736 employed adults aged 19-64 yr, was conducted in Athens, Greece. Dental caries was found to be prevalent, affecting almost the entire population examined. The mean DMFT values varied from 8.99 +/- 5.98 to 17.05 +/- 6.58 in different age groups. No difference was found in the mean DMFT values between sexes. Periodontal disease affected the 92.7% of the examined sample. The PI scores increased with age from 1.08 +/- 0.84 in the age group 19-24 yr to 3.7 +/- 1.84 in the age group 55-64 yr. Women showed lower PI index values than men but this difference was not statistically significant. The mean values of oral hygiene index varied from 1.60 +/- 1.05 to 1.97 +/- 1.42 in different age groups. Women presented better oral hygiene status than men and this difference was statistically significant for the younger age groups. Data concerning the toothbrushing frequency of the examined population are also presented. The results of this baseline study indicate that effective dental care is needed for the improvement of oral health status of the adult population.     

上海地区女性口腔健康状况分析

目的调查上海市女性口腔健康状况。方法选择13 788例来我院做健康体检的上海市女性,对龋病、牙周病、牙列缺损、义齿修复等情况进行分析研究。结果患龋率为27.3%,龋均为3.8,牙周病发生率为33.6%,牙列缺损占24.3%,义齿修复率为39.3%。中年组的患龋率和龋均高于青年组和老年组。口腔检查无异常的比例随年龄增加而降低。结论受检女性龋病、牙周病发病率高,牙列缺损多,口腔健康状况不容乐观。     

Oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of adults in China

OBJECTIVES: To describe oral health behaviour, illness behaviour, oral health knowledge and attitudes among 35-44 and 65-74-year-old Chinese; to analyse the oral health behaviour profile of the two age groups in relation to province and urbanisation, and to assess the relative effect of socio-behavioural risk factors on dental caries experience. METHODS: A total number of 4,398 35-44-year-olds and 4,399 65-74-year-olds were selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling which involved 11 provinces in China. Data were collected by self-administered structured questionnaires and clinical examinations (WHO criteria). RESULTS: 32% of the 35-44-year-olds and 23% of the 65-74-year-olds brushed at least twice a day but only 5% used fluoridated toothpaste; 30% and 17% respectively performed 'Love-Teeth-Day' recommended methods of tooth brushing. A dental visit within the previous 12 months was reported by 25% of all participants and 6% had a dental check-up during the past two years. Nearly 15% of the subjects would visit a dentist if they experienced bleeding from gums; about 60% of the subjects paid no attention to signs of caries if there was no pain. Two thirds of the urban residents and one fifth of the rural participants had economic support for their dental treatment from a third party, either totally or partially. Significant variations in oral health practices were found according to urbanisation and province. At age 35-44 years 43% of participants had daily consumption of sweets against 28% at age 65-74 years. Dental caries experience was affected by urbanisation, gender, frequency, time spent on and method of tooth brushing. Knowledge of causes and prevention of dental diseases was low with somewhat negative attitudes to prevention observed. CONCLUSION: Systematic community-based oral health promotion should be strengthened and preventive-oriented oral health care systems are needed, including promotion of further self-care practices and the use of fluoridated toothpaste.     

成都地区老年机关工作人员口腔卫生健康调查

目的：了解成都地区老年机关工作人员的口腔卫生健康状况。方法：1998年对机关工作人员体检中的468名65岁以上老年人的口腔卫生情况,患龋病、牙周病、牙缺失等进行调查研究。结果：成都地区老年机关工作人员有自我口腔保健意识,100%老年人坚持每天刷牙、漱口,但龋病、牙周病的发病率仍较高,丧失的牙齿也较多,7.47%老年人全口失牙已安装义齿,2.56%半口失牙,牙列缺损者也较多,严重影响老年人的口腔咀嚼功能。结论：我国老年机关工作人员虽然现在有自我口腔保健意识,但口腔卫生健康状况仍须重视并采取积极的保健措施。     

Oral health in SFR Yugoslavia in 1986

A pilot oral health epidemiological survey using WHO assessment forms was conducted in Yugoslavia in the year 1986. The study population consisted of 2600 persons aged 6, 12, 15, 18, 35-44, and over 65 yr. The survey included 22 towns (11 developed and 11 underdeveloped) in the six Republics and two Provinces of Yugoslavia. The results showed the prevalence of dental caries in the Yugoslav population to be very high (98.7% in 12-yr-olds). The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF) scores were as follows: 6.1 at age 12 yr, 9.6 at age 15, 10.9 at age 18, 18.0 at age 35-44, and 28.0 in persons aged over 65 yr. Assessment of the periodontal status showed calculus to be the predominant disorder in the age groups 18 and 35-44 yr, while loss of sextants prevailed in persons aged over 65 yr.     

Oral health of South African Black (Xhosa) mine recruits

The oral health of 100 rural Black Xhosa men commencing employment on the gold mines was examined. Dental caries were present in 68%, the mean DMFT per mouth was 2.5 (s.d. 2.8) while the mean DMFT per carious mouth was 3.7 (s.d. 2.7). Oral hygiene was good and periodontal disease uncommon. Although the frequency of individuals with dental caries has increased since studies on similar groups were made 40 years ago, the severity of the disease in affected individuals has remained static.     

Oral health in Hlabisa, KwaZulu/Natal--a rural school and community based survey

AIMS: To investigate rates of dental caries and periodontal disease, available dental services and resources and perceived needs in a rural South African community. DESIGN: A cross-sectional field study including situational analysis and focus group discussions. SETTING: KwaZulu/Natal, South Africa. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 520 children, adolescents and adults. METHODS: WHO caries scores and periodontal CPI score were determined through clinical examinations in five age groups, 5-6 years, 12 y, 15 y, 35-54 y, 55 y+. Focus groups included ten 15-year-old children and ten adults. RESULTS: Caries prevalences and (mean scores) were 5-6 y 64% (dmft 3.0), 12 y 24% (DMFT 0.4), 15 y 27% (DMFT 0.8), 35-54 69% (DFT 2.6) and 55 y+ 80% (DFT 2.7). Most caries was untreated and where present, treatment had been extraction. Dental caries rates were low and except for 5-6 y were within WHO targets for the year 2000. Periodontal disease prevalence was high but would respond to improved oral hygiene. Knowledge of oral health was rudimentary. CONCLUSIONS: A district-wide oral health promotion programme is required preceded by research to define effective health education messages. Access to simple but effective preventive and curative services would seem reasonable. In view of the lack of resources ART is suggested as caries treatment.     

大学新生口腔健康知识和健康行为抽样调查报告

目的　调查大学新生口腔健康知识和健康行为。方法　采用全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案统一问卷, 对四川大学1 035名大学新生进行口腔健康知识和健康行为问卷调查。结果　(1)口腔疾病就医行为:1 035名大 学新生中仅13·1%的学生定期接受口腔健康检查;(2)口腔卫生措施:每天刷牙两次的占74·4%,刷牙时间达到 3 min以上的仅7·7%,坚持使用含氟牙膏的16·6%,使用过牙线的人仅6%;(3)饮食习惯:51·9%的学生不常吃零 食,94·7%的学生不吸烟;(4)龋齿与牙周疾病的防治知识及口腔保健知识测试结果普遍较差。结论　大学新生对 口腔卫生知识认识有限,采取的口腔卫生措施不够认真彻底。     

Oral health status among hospitalized patients

To cite this article:
Int J Dent Hygiene 9 , 2011; 21–29
DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2009.00423.x
Carrilho Neto A, De Paula Ramos S, Sant’ana ACP, Passanezi E. Oral health status among hospitalized patients. Abstract: Aim: To investigate into oral health status and its association with health status in hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 82 patients were examined and 49 (59.7%) patients were men. The patients answered a survey and oral examinations to detect the number of teeth, oral hygiene index, prostheses hygiene, oral lesions, caries, dental plaque index (DPI), gingival inflammation index (GI), gingival bleeding index, periodontitis and periodontal index. Results: Oral hygiene was associated with age, but it was not related to physical disability. Difficulty eating was mainly associated with age and tooth loss. All full and partially dentate patients presented dental plaque, 38 (69%) poor oral hygiene, 58 (98.1%) gingival inflammation, 41 (74.5%) periodontal disease and 33 (60%) caries. Oral lesions were detected in 30 (36.5%) and candidiasis (n = 16, 19.6%) was the most frequent mucous lesion. Caries were associated with smoking and poor oral hygiene. Hospital length of stay and age were associated with increased DPI and GI. Conclusions: The majority of hospitalized patients did not present satisfactory oral hygiene. Caries and periodontal diseases are associated with health behaviours. Increased time length at hospital could increase gingival inflammation and dental plaque accumulation.