牙周疾病与全身健康的关系

牙周疾病是人类最常见的慢性感染性疾病之一,与全身健康密切相关。本文就牙周感染的特点及牙周病与全身系统性疾病间的相互关系进行概述。     

老年人牙周病与糖尿病的关系

我国正步入老龄化时代,牙周病与全身疾病的关系日益受到国内外学者的关注。近年来研究发现,牙周病与糖尿病等多种全身疾病有密切关系[1]。糖尿病可增加牙周病的发病风险,而牙周病亦是糖尿病的易感和促进因素,牙周病的治疗和控制可相应改善糖尿病的症状,故牙周病被列为糖尿病的第六并发症。糖尿病患者发生重度或难治性牙周病的风险比非糖尿病患者高2~3倍[2]。     

牙周病对系统性疾病的影响及治疗对策研究进展

近年引人关注的一个新的分支学科．牙周医学包括两个方面，一方面即某些系统性疾病对牙周病的发生、发展及治疗反应的影响，这方面已知和肯定的内容较多；另一方面是指牙周病对全身健康和疾病的影响，这方面的研究甚少。因此，本文以后者为线索着重阐述牙周病与某些系统性疾病之间的相互关系并提出相应的治疗和维护措施。     

牙周病与糖尿病

牙周病与糖尿病文／傅德明牙周病是一种常见、多发的口腔疾病，主要临床症状为牙龈肿胀、脓肿溢血、牙齿松动、口腔臭味，影响咀嚼功能的慢性、反复发作性疾病。引起本病的原因，一是不太讲究口腔卫生；另一种因素是因患有某些慢性疾病，使全身抵抗力下降，而引发的。最近...     

牙周病与慢性阻塞性肺病的相互关系及可能机制

牙周病是一种慢性感染性疾病.近年来,许多研究表明牙周病与包括糖尿病、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病及低体重早产儿在内的系统性疾病相互关联.本文对牙周病和慢性阻塞性肺部疾病的关系作一综述.     

口腔幽门螺杆菌感染患者血清GSH-Px、TNF-α、 TGF-β1的变化及与牙周病危险因素分析

目的探讨口腔幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)感染患者血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)及转化生长因子-β1((Transforming growth factor beta 1,TGF-β1)的变化及与牙周病的相关性。方法选取2017年6月-2019年6月海南省干部疗养院收治的口腔Hp感染的患者200例,将88例发生牙周病的患者设置为研究组1,将112例未发生牙周病的患者设置为研究组2,另外选取该医院同期体检口腔健康志愿者100例作为对照组。通过(Enzyme linked immunoSorbent assay,ELISA)法检测三组观察对象血清样本GSH-Px、TNF-α和TGF-β1水平,测量并记录两组患者的牙周探针深度(Probing depth,PD)、牙龈出血指数(Gingival hemorrhage index,BI)、附着丧失情况(Loss of attachment,AL)以及超基准值(Delta over baseline,DOB)值,来判断口腔Hp对牙周病的影响。对发生牙周病患者的临床资料进行单因素分析及Logistic多因素回归分析,探讨发生牙周病的相关危险因素。结果研究组1和研究组2患者的血清GSH-Px水平均低于对照组,研究组1和研究组2患者的血清TNF-α、TGF-β1水平均高于对照组(P0.05);研究组1患者的PD、BI、AL、DOB均值高于研究组2(P0.05);DOB值与PD、BI、AL呈正相关(r值分别为0.241、0.334、0.253,均P0.05)。Logistic多元回归分析显示,牙周病的影响因素为吸烟、白蛋白25 g、无定期口腔检查、DOB值10(P0.05)。结论口腔Hp感染患者血清GSH-Px、TNF-α、TGF-β1水平与Hp感染程度及牙周病病情相关,可作为监测指标,吸烟、低白蛋白、无定期口腔检查、高DOB值是牙周病的独立危险因素,应注意加以防范。     

牙菌斑为牙周病的始动因素

牙周病的病因比较复杂,是由多方面的因素所造成,可分为局部因素和全身因素两个方面.局部因素具有相当重要的作用,现已公认牙菌斑中的细菌及其产物是引起牙周病的始动因素,但它又受其他局部因素的影响和全身因素的调控,宿主防卫在牙周病病因中亦占有重要地位.     

风疹病毒实验室检测技术研究进展

风疹,又称德国麻疹,足由风疹病毒（rubella virus,RV）引起的一种临床上常见的急性呼吸道感染性、出疹性疾病,呈世界性分布,我国将其归属于法定丙类传染病。依据感染方式的不同,可分为自然感染性风疹（获得性风疹）和先天性风疹。25％～50％的RV感染患者为隐性感染,无任何临床症状;而显性感染患者的临床症状又与许多出疹性疾病（如麻疹、猩红热、     

不可忽视慢性牙周炎

牙周病何以发生 牙周病的发病原因是多方面的，牙菌斑、细菌及其代谢产物是牙周疾病发生的必要条件，并在一些引起牙周病的危险因素共同作用下，导致牙周病的发生。比较明确的危险因素包括口腔卫生情况、性别、年龄、种族、社会经济状况、吸烟、紧张和压力、遗传因素、某些全身疾病的影响、某些微生物的感染等。有些危险因素可通过医生的干预、改变个人行为、加强健康教育等，清除或减弱其影响，而有些（年龄、性别、遗传因素）则为不可变因素。     

老年牙周病患者感染病原菌的分布与相关因素分析

目的探讨老年牙周病患者感染病原菌的相关因素及其抗菌药物的应用效果。方法选取2013年1月-2014年1月医院收治的72例老年牙周病患者作为研究对象,设为观察组,对其病原菌进行检测,并根据检测结果给予抗菌药物治疗,观察治疗效果;另选同期进行健康体检的老年人96名作为对照组,对两组基本资料进行调查,分析患者感染病原菌分布及相关因素。结果观察组与对照组年龄差异无统计学意义,两组口腔卫生习惯、合并两种以上基础疾病、吸烟、文化程度、负面情绪、合并糖尿病等,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);72例患者共检测出111株病原菌,以伴放线放线菌(25.2%)、牙龈卟啉单细胞菌(19.8%)以及生痰二氧化碳嗜纤维菌(15.3%)的比例最高。替硝唑、奥硝唑对病原菌清除率分别为91.9%、94.6%,均高于甲硝唑的70.3%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年牙周病患者感染病原菌的因素较多,养成良好的卫生习惯,定期进行牙周检查,及时治疗牙周病是避免牙丢失、保证口腔健康的有效方法。     

口腔幽门螺杆菌与牙周病相关性研究进展

近年来众多研究认为口腔为幽门螺杆菌第二储存地,牙周病患者口腔中幽门螺杆菌检测阳性率高于牙周健康者,并且其阳性率与牙周病变严重程度呈正相关。口腔幽门螺杆菌可造成牙周组织细胞的凋亡,促进牙周病变。同时因为其与胃病相关,使得牙周病患者口腔幽门螺杆菌的研究一直受众多学者关注。本文就口腔幽门螺杆菌与牙周病相关性研究进展做一综述。     

社区老年人糖尿病与牙周病相关性的调查分析

目的对社区老年人糖尿患者牙周病的情况进行检查,探讨老年人糖尿病与牙周病的关系。方法对社区111名患有糖尿病的居民进行糖尿病和牙周病的检查,分为牙周病组和非牙周病组,并对结果进行分析。结果111名糖尿病患者中,有61例（54．9％）患有牙周病,牙周病组患者的空腹血糖（8．10mmol／L）和CPI（3．30）均高于非牙周病组（6．98mmol／L,1．91,P〈0．05）,而牙周病组患者的正确刷牙率（6．01％）要低于非牙周病组（9．67％,P〈0．05）。结论糖尿病患者牙周病发生率高,应加强口腔健康教育。     

细胞因子在晚期肝病合并SBP中的诊断价值

自发性细菌性腹膜炎(SBP)是晚期肝病最常见的并发症之一,由于临床症状多不典型且腹水细菌培养阳性率很低,相当部分的患者得不到及时的诊断或被漏诊。近年来研究发现,某些细胞因子和相关体液成分与SBP发生发展密切相关,文中就目前研究最多的几个细胞因子进行了综述。     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与过敏性疾病的相关性研究

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童和青少年中常见的神经行为障碍,其核心特征是注意力不集中、多动和冲动障碍,但其病因和发病机制尚未阐明。过敏性疾病作为儿童期常见的慢性疾病,发病率逐年上升,在过敏性疾病的症状移行过程中,其症状并不局限于过敏性疾病本身,还可能合并某些行为和神经心理问题,虽然已有大量研究证实过敏性疾病可增加ADHD的患病风险,但二者之间的联系仍然存在争议。本文旨在综述近几年国内外文献中ADHD和过敏性疾病二者之间的流行病学和病理生理学联系,以提高人们对二者之间联系的认识     

Carpal tunnel syndrome: is it work-related?

The reported incidence of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome has skyrocketed; however, many cases have an underlying systemic cause. A methodical investigation--including appropriate imaging studies and laboratory testing--can differentiate symptoms that are primarily occupational from those with associated medical illness or obesity.     

Depression and anxiety in patients with sickle cell disease: conceptual and methodological considerations

The literature suggests that a significant number of patients with sickle cell disease experience social and psychiatric impairment. Recently, a few investigators have focused on the role of depression in sickle cell disease. A review of this literature indicates that patients with sickle cell disease have a higher incidence of depression when compared to physically healthy controls. This relationship appears to be true even when the investigator controls for illness-related physical symptoms. This paper critically reviews the literature on the relationship between depression and sickle cell disease in African American patients, with particular emphasis on how depressive symptomatology affects treatment outcome (e.g., compliance, hospitalizations, etc.). The paper critically reviews this literature on both theoretical and methodological issues. Recommendations are also made with regards to both treatment and future research directions in this area.     

Wechselwirkungen zwischen Parodontitis und systemischen Erkrankungen

Periodontitis is a biofilm-induced inflammatory disease affecting the periodontium with a high and even increasing prevalence in the German population. During recent years, there is emerging evidence for systemic effects of a periodontal infection, in particular in relation to diabetes and atherosclerosis. There is a bi-directional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes. Diabetes promotes the occurrence, the progression, and the severity of periodontitis. The periodontal infection complicates the glycemic control in diabetes, increases the risk of diabetes-associated complications and possibly even of its onset. As a consequence, the treatment of periodontal infections should become an integral part of the management of diabetes, whereas glycemic control is a prerequisite for successful periodontal therapy. Periodontal infections are considered as independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and their clinical sequelae, e.g., cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases. The positive association is only moderate, however remarkably consistent. Periodontal therapy can result in positive effects on subclinical markers of atherosclerosis.     

Relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases

Periodontitis is a biofilm-induced inflammatory disease affecting the periodontium with a high and even increasing prevalence in the German population. During recent years, there is emerging evidence for systemic effects of a periodontal infection, in particular in relation to diabetes and atherosclerosis. There is a bi-directional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes. Diabetes promotes the occurrence, the progression, and the severity of periodontitis. The periodontal infection complicates the glycemic control in diabetes, increases the risk of diabetes-associated complications and possibly even of its onset. As a consequence, the treatment of periodontal infections should become an integral part of the management of diabetes, whereas glycemic control is a prerequisite for successful periodontal therapy. Periodontal infections are considered as independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and their clinical sequelae, e.g., cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases. The positive association is only moderate, however remarkably consistent. Periodontal therapy can result in positive effects on subclinical markers of atherosclerosis.     

Epidemiological study on association of periodontal disease and total and differential leukocyte counts

Periodontal disease is defined as inflammation that is caused by bacteria in dental plaque. This disease is liable to be a factor contributing to the high leukocyte count over an extended period. Furthermore, a number of prospective epidemiologic studies have shown that the leukocyte count is a good predictor of ischemic heart disease (IHD). However there have been few epidemiological studies of the relationship between periodontal disease and the leukocyte count. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the total and differential leukocyte counts and oral conditions of Japanese factory workers who were classified according to their smoking habits. The 1,167 subjects were male factory workers employed with a chemical factory in Osaka, Japan. The oral conditions recorded were periodontal status (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs, CPITN). The relationship between the total and differential leukocyte counts and the CPITN score of subjects who were classified according to their smoking habits was investigated in 1996 and 1997. In both the current smokers and nonsmokers, the subjects with severe periodontal disease, in contrast to the normal subjects, exhibited total leukocyte, neutrophil and monocyte counts that were significantly high for 1 year during follow-up studies. The periodontal disease is shown that causes the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts related to the development of IHD to remain at a high level.     

Evaluating the existence of oral infection control in patients admitted in state hospitals in Rio de Janeiro

The aim of the present study is to ascertain whether an oral infection control protocol is being used in Rio de Janeiro State hospitals. Sixty two hospitals, both public and private have been surveyed. When asked whether any procedure was being adopted with admitted patients (in case of ICU patients), 39% of the hospitals responded positively. Among all institutions surveyed, only 15% conduct a regular plaque control protocol in admitted patients. Studies have shown that there is an inter-relationship between periodontal disease and systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, preterm births and low birthweight, diabetes and respiratory diseases. The oral cavity is considered a potent reservoir of respiratory pathogens. Based on these findings, it has become evident that oral hygiene is an important means of preventing a number of diseases. Thus the need arises not only to create an oral cavity infection control protocol that will contribute to reduce mortality in admitted patients but also to propose preventive measures towards this end.