Effects of two combined oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol 20 microg combined with either drospirenone or desogestrel on lipids, hemostatic parameters and carbohydrate metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of ethinyl estradiol 20 microg/drospirenone 3 mg (EE 20 microg/DRSP 3 mg) administered according to a 24/4 regimen with ethinyl estradiol 20 microg/desogestrel 150 microg (EE 20 microg/DSG 150 microg) administered according to the conventional 21/7 regimen on lipid, carbohydrate and hemostatic parameters. STUDY DESIGN: In this open-label study, healthy women were randomized to EE 20 microg/DRSP 3 mg or EE 20 microg/DSG 150 microg for seven cycles. Mean differences in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels at cycle 7 compared to baseline were assessed. Secondary variables included changes in other lipid, hemostatic and carbohydrate parameters. RESULTS: Both treatments increased HDL-cholesterol, but decreased LDL-cholesterol by a comparable extent. Although slightly elevated in both groups, blood glucose and C-peptide levels measured during oral glucose tolerance tests were within normal reference ranges at cycle 7. Overall, the differences in lipid, hemostatic or carbohydrate parameters were not significant between the two treatments. CONCLUSION: EE 20 microg/DRSP 3 mg has a good safety profile comparable with EE 20 microg/DSG 150 microg.     

魔芋复方调控高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠脂质代谢及氧化应激作用研究

目的 研究魔芋复方对肥胖大鼠脂质代谢及氧化应激的影响,探究其调节脂质代谢及氧化应激的作用机制。 方法 以SD大鼠为研究对象建立肥胖模型,将大鼠分为模型组和不同剂量魔芋复方给药组。干预6周后检测大鼠血脂、脂肪因子和抗氧化物指标。 结果 实验6周后各组大鼠间体质量、脂/体比差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）,魔芋复方低、中、高剂量给药组体质量和脂/体比均随着剂量升高而下降,魔芋复方高剂量给药组血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、血糖水平以及中剂量给药组血清TG、血糖水平显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。魔芋复方低、中、高剂量给药组随剂量提高HDL-C上升。瘦素、脂联素、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）在各组间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）,魔芋复方低、中、高剂量给药组随剂量提高血清瘦素、MDA水平下降,脂联素、SOD、GSH-PX水平上升。 结论 魔芋复方可有效改善肥胖大鼠血脂紊乱,降脂减重,有效抑制肥胖过程中的氧化应激反应,起到预防和治疗肥胖的作用。     

低热卡肠外营养对术后病人代谢反应的影响

目的等氮量不同热卡的肠外营养支持,对手术创伤病人代谢反应的影响。方法53例胃癌根治术病人,随机分为标准热卡组27例,低热卡组26例,术后1～7天进行等氮量不同热卡的肠外营养支持。监测术前3天,术后第1、3、7天体温、血糖、血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、24小时尿尿素氮和尿肌酐的排泄量和应激代谢相关激素的变化。结果两组病人术后第1天,体温、血糖、应激代谢相关激素、尿尿素氮和尿肌酐排泄量较术前升高（P＜0．05）。术后第3天,两组体温、血糖、尿尿素氮和尿肌酐排泄量、胰岛素、醛固酮仍高于术前水平（P＜0．05）,两组相比低热卡组升高水平较低（P＜0．05）。术后第7天,低热卡组除24小时尿素氮和尿肌酐排泄量仍较术前高（P＜0．05）外,体温、血糖及应激代谢相关激素恢复到术前水平。标准热卡组血糖、尿尿素氮和尿肌酐排泄量、胰岛素和醛固酮水平仍较术前升高（P＜0．05）,与低热卡组相比差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。两组病例血浆白蛋白、前白蛋白、胰高血糖素和皮质醇激素变化比较差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论对中重度手术创伤病人,提供20Kcal·kg-1·d-1左右的非蛋白热卡,更符合其代谢特点,有利于创伤应激反应的恢复。     

Nut consumption has favorable effects on lipid profiles of Korean women with metabolic syndrome

Nut consumption has been studied for its cardioprotective effects. However, the findings of clinical intervention studies are inconsistent; and no intervention studies have been conducted in the Korean population. We hypothesized that nut supplementation may have favorable influence on metabolic markers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of nut consumption on metabolic parameters and biomarkers related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function in Korean adults with metabolic syndrome. To this end, we designed a randomized, parallel, controlled dietary intervention study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02023749). Subjects with metabolic syndrome and a body mass index of at least 23 kg/m² were randomized to the Control group and the Nut group, which received supplementation with 30 g/d of mixed nuts (walnuts, peanuts, and pine nuts) for 6 weeks. Sixty volunteers were included in the final analysis. Metabolic markers were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study. Total cholesterol and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly improved in the Nut group compared to those in the Control group (P = .023 and P = .016, respectively) in women. Biomarkers related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function did not significantly change from baseline in either group. Thus, supplementing a usual diet with mixed nuts for 6 weeks had favorable effects on several lipid parameters in Korean women with metabolic syndrome. These findings present a possible mechanism for the cardioprotective effects of nut consumption.     

氟对原代培养大鼠海马神经元氧化应激的影响与DNA损伤作用

目的研究氟对原代培养大鼠海马神经元氧化应激和DNA损伤的影响.方法 SD大鼠原代培养的海马神经元暴露于20、40、80μg/ml氟化钠24h后,检测海马神经元超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量,细胞外乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力以及DNA损伤的情况.结果40、80μg/ml染毒组海马神经元内MDA含量高于对照组(P＜0.05),20、40、80 μg/ml染毒组GSH含量、GSH-Px活力低于对照组(P＜0.05),80μg/ml染毒组SOD活力低于对照组(P＜0.05).40、80μg/ml组细胞外LDH活力比对照组高(P＜0.05).彗星Olive尾矩升高(P＜0.01),相同剂量染氟组细胞内MDA含量与彗星Olive尾矩存在统计学的正相关关系(r=.895,P＜0.05).结论氟可引起大鼠海马神经元氧化应激和DNA损伤,氧化应激可能在氟致DNA损伤中起重要作用.     

电焊作业臭氧对人体氧化应激作用研究

目的探讨电焊作业中产生的臭氧是否引起电焊作业者体内氧化应激和氧化损伤。方法采用分光光度法检测电焊作业者（WOs）血浆维生素C（VC）、维生素E（VE）含量，红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）活性和过氧化脂质（LPO）含量。结果与健康组比较，电焊作业者组的血浆VC和VE均值以及红细胞SOD、CAT和GPX平均值显著降低，而红细胞LPO均值显著升高。随着电焊作业者接触臭氧时间的延长，除CAT之外，VC、VE、SOD和GPX值均逐渐降低，LPO值逐渐升高。随着作业场所臭氧浓度的升高，电焊作业者VE、VE、SOD、CAT和GPX值逐渐降低，LPO值逐渐升高。实验参数的可靠性分析，可靠性系数为0．8021，P〈0．0001；标化可靠性系数0．9577，P〈0．001。结论电焊作业者体内存在由长期接触臭氧而引起的氧化应激，进而诱发潜在的氧化和脂质过氧化损伤。     

氟硒镉联合作用对大鼠脂质过氧化的影响

对 SD雄性大鼠进行灌胃染毒实验 ,通过观察大鼠体内脂质过氧化物 ( LPO)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 ( GSH- Px)活性 ,探讨氟硒镉联合作用对大鼠体内脂质过氧化的影响。结果表明 ,经口分别给予大鼠 Na F( 75 mg/kg)、Na2 Se O3 ( 1 mg/kg)、Cd Cl2 ( 35 mg/kg) 3d,即可观察到大鼠体内 LPO含量增高、GSH- Px活性降低。而氟 +硒、镉 +硒、氟 +镉、氟 +硒 +镉联合作用时则呈现明显的拮抗作用 ,与 3种毒物单独作用相比均能显著减轻大鼠体内的脂质过氧化的强度     

Decomposing leaf litter: the effect of allochthonous degradation products on the antioxidant fitness and photosynthesis of Vesicularia dubyana

Leaf litter is one of the major input sources of organic carbon and nutrients in freshwater ecosystems. Throughout the degradation and leaching of leaf litter in freshwater bodies, "new born" substances are continuously generated and may aggregate to form humic substances (HS). Although the effect of HS on the stress physiology of aquatic macrophytes has been case of several investigations, the effect of these "new born" compounds (leaf litter breakdown products) on the stress physiology of aquatic plants has not been studied yet. Our results show that leaf litter degradation extracts (LLDEs) from oak, beech, and mixed oak and beech leaves have deleterious effects on the physiology of the aquatic bryophyte Vesicularia dubyana, decreasing photosynthetic activity and enhancing oxidative stress response. These findings suggest that leaf litter degradation extracts may be an important environmental factor influencing community structure within freshwater ecosystems.     

高氟对中枢神经系统损伤机制的研究进展

近年来,高氟对中枢神经系统的损伤越来越引起广泛关注,但其作用机制还不完全清楚。该文探讨了氟对中枢神经系统损伤的可能机制,包括氟中毒对中枢神经系统造成氧化应激、炎性损伤,对神经递质分泌及其受体、脑内蛋白质组成及含量的影响,对信号传导通路的干扰等,为进一步开展氟对中枢神经系统损伤机制的研究提供依据。     

十溴联苯醚对小鼠脑组织的氧化应激作用

目的 研究十溴联苯醚(decabromodiphenylether,PBDE-209)对小鼠大脑皮层、海马、纹状体和小脑组织诱导的氧化应激作用.方法 28只雄性BALB/c小鼠,随机分为4组,即溶剂对照组、空白对照组、低剂量染毒组(200mg/kg)和高剂量染毒组(500mg/kg),每组7只,小鼠经口灌胃染毒6周后断头处死,测定小鼠大脑皮层、海马、小脑和纹状体中丙二醛(MDA)含量、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力以及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量.结果 高剂量染毒组小鼠大脑皮层、小脑、纹状体和海马组织中MDA含量分别为(92.25±36.64)、(4.24±1.15)、(12.92±4.30)、(12.12±6.39)nmol/mgpro,高于空白对照组[分别为(56.71±36.44)、(2.42±1.41)、(4.05±2.23)、(4.91±1.60)nmol/mg pro],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);低剂量染毒组小鼠大脑皮层、小脑和纹状体中T-SOD活力分别为(182.48±11.59)、(6.67±1.56)、(35.48±21.98)U/mg pro,低于空白对照组[分别为(277.76±106.70)、(18.02±16.40)、(63.57±20.83)U/mg pro],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高剂量染毒组小鼠海马组织中T-SOD活力为(59.26±37.09)U/mg pro,低于空白对照组[(93.28±21.75)U/mg pro],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高剂量染毒组小鼠大脑皮层、小脑、纹状体中GSH含量分别为(40.98±13.19)、(3.55±1.55)、(24.46±11.30)mg/g pro,低于空白对照组[分别为(75.79±26.51)、(8.01±3.23)、(44.52±13.15)mg/g pro],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而染毒小鼠海马组织中GSH含量与溶剂对照组的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PBDE-209可以引起神经组织的脂质过氧化反应增强.PBDE-209导致神经组织的氧化损伤可能在动物神经毒性中起重要作用.     

硒对氟所致大鼠体内体外脂质过氧化作用的影响

采用体外大鼠肝微粒体系统和体内经饮水加氟（５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）同时或单独加硒（０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）的方法，观察氟致大鼠体内、体外脂质过氧化作用及硒的拮抗作用。体外实验结果表明，加氟可使微粒体系统脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量显著增加；同时加硒可结抗氟致微粒体系统的脂质过氧化作用。体内实验结果表明，饮水加氟（５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）可使大鼠血清ＬＰＯ含量显著增加，全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性和血清游离维生素Ｅ含量显著降低；饮水同时加硒（０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）则可拮抗上述氟的效应。     

三氯乙烯对裸鼠皮肤的刺激性损伤及维生素E的保护作用

目的研究有机溶剂三氯乙烯(TCE)对BALB/c裸鼠皮肤组织的氧化损伤以及维生素E的保护作用。方法将BALB/c裸鼠随机分成100%TCE、80%TCE、40%TCE、20%TCE、10%TCE、溶剂对照组(橄榄油)、阳性对照组(5%SLS)、空白组和5%、10%、20%维生素E保护组,背部皮肤染毒1 d,观察皮肤损伤反应,取染毒皮肤进行实验,比较各组MDA含量、SOD活性。结果各染毒剂量组皮肤组织的MDA含量、SOD活性的差异有统计学意义,TCE浓度越高,氧化应激水平越高,但维生素E保护组氧化应激水平不高。结论TCE可通过氧化应激对皮肤组织造成损伤,维生素E在一定浓度下对皮肤组织有保护作用。     

Copper-induced alterations in rat brain depends on route of overload and basal copper levels

ObjectivesCopper (Cu) is widely used in industry for the manufacture of a vast range of goods including Cu-intrauterine devices (IUDs), electronic products, agrochemicals, and many others. It is also one of the trace elements essential to human health in the right measure and is used as a parenteral supplement in patients unable to ingest food. Elevated Cu levels have been found in the plasma of women using Cu-IUDs and in farmers working with Cu-based pesticides. However, possible alterations due to Cu overload in the brain have been poorly studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cu administration on rat brain in Cu-sufficient and Cu-deficient animals fed on semi-synthetic diets with different doses of Cu (7 or 35 ppm).MethodsWe aimed to investigate the effects of Cu administration using two routes of administration: oral and intraperitoneal (IP). Male Wistar rats were feeding (one month) a complete (7 ppm) or a deficient (traces) Cu diets subdivided into three categories oral-, intraperitoneal- (or both) supplemented with copper carbonate (7 to 35 ppm). Cu content in plasma, brain zones (cortex and hippocampus), antioxidant enzyme activities, and protease systems involved in programmed cell death were determined.ResultsThe results show that Cu levels and the concentration of Cu in plasma and brain were dose-dependent and administration route-dependent and demonstrated a prooxidative effect in plasma and brain homogenates. Oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidative enzyme activity both increased under Cu overload, these effects being more noticeable when Cu was administered IP. Concomitantly, brain lipids from cortex and hippocampus were strongly modified, reflecting Cu-induced prooxidative damage. A significant increase in the activities of calpain (milli- and micro-) and caspase-3 activity also was observed as a function of dose and administration route.ConclusionThe findings of this study could be important in evaluating the role of Cu in brain metabolism and neuronal survival.     

溴氰菊酯对大鼠神经系统的氧化应激作用

目的　观察溴氰菊酯(DM)在大鼠大脑皮层和海马组织诱导的脂质过氧化作用。方法　DM3.12 5、12 .5 0 0mg/kg染毒大鼠,测定其大脑皮层和海马组织丙二醛(MDA)水平和总超氧化物歧化酶(T SOD ,包括Mn SOD和CuZn SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽S 转移酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH Px)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活力。脑组织细胞质碎片γ谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶(γGCS)活力和GSH含量用OPA柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱荧光法检测。结果　DM染毒5d ,(1) 12 .5 0 0mg/kgDM组大鼠大脑皮层MDA含量高于3.12 5mg/kgDM组,海马MDA含量高于对照组和3.12 5mg/kgDM组。(2 )两组DM染毒大鼠大脑皮层T SOD和CuZn SOD活力均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 )。(3) 12 .5 0 0mg/kgDM组大鼠大脑皮层GSH含量高于对照组,海马GSH含量低于对照组和3.12 5mg/kgDM组;3.12 5mg/kgDM组大鼠大脑皮层GR活力[(11.80±5 .15 )U/mgpro]低于对照组和12 .5 0 0mg/kgDM组[(18.98±3.6 8)、(17.35±2 .4 7)U/mgpro],3.12 5、12 .5 0 0mg/kgDM组大鼠海马GR活力[(2 1.4 6±8.89)、(2 1.6 3±4 .92 )U/mgpro]均低于对照组[(31.2 2±6 .97)U/mgpro];12 .5 0 0mg/kgDM组海马γGCS活力[(1.75±0 .6 0 )nmol·mgpro-1·min-1]低于对照组和     

The intramolecular position of docosahexaenoic acid in the triacylglycerol sources used for pediatric nutrition has a minimal effect on its metabolic use

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays an important role in normal development of the brain and retina in the human. In utero, DHA is incorporated in the fetus, and its accretion continues throughout early postnatal life. Although human breast milk contains this fatty acid, several organizations recommend supplementing infant formulas with DHA for infants and premature infants. Traditionally, certain types of fish oil have been used for fortifying some infant formulas, but with the decline in world fisheries, the search for alternative sources of DHA continues. Among the viable ingredient sources of DHA is oil derived from single-cell organisms (marine microorganisms); however, these oil sources display different positional specificity of DHA in the glycerol lipids compared with that found in human breast milk lipids. In the latter, the DHA is mainly esterified in the central position of the glycerol backbone. Because of these differences in human milk and oils derived from single-cell organisms, recent research in biotechnology has focused on developing new structured triacylglycerols with an intramolecular structure resembling that found in human milk lipids. This research is justified by the potential differences in metabolism of DHA based on the hypothetical bioavailability and benefits in DHA found in human milk lipids. Presented herein is a review of the published research on the metabolism of DHA from different triacylglycerol sources including in vitro studies and animal studies. Despite small differences observed in digestion, the current data reveal a minimal effect on the parameters of development studied for the intramolecular position in which DHA is esterified.     

复合枸杞多糖对接触氟化物者免疫调节和抗脂质过氧化作用

目的研究复合枸杞多糖对接触氟化物人群免疫调节和脂质过氧化的影响。方法以某有色金属冶炼厂接触NaF的28名工人为观察对象，检测服用复方枸杞多糖胶囊前后其血浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力和血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM的含量。结果与服用前比较，服用1周后，SOD、CAT活力有显著性升高（P〈0．01），MDA的含量明显下降（P〈0．01），IgG、IgA、IgM的含量均明显增加（P〈0．01）。结论复合枸杞多糖对接触氟化物者可提高其免疫功能和抗脂质过氧化的作用。     

小学生零食消费种类与肥胖及代谢异常的关系

目的了解零食消费种类与儿童肥胖及代谢异常之间的关系,为制定相应的干预措施提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样法从哈尔滨、北京、济南、上海、重庆、广州6个城市抽取6～13岁小学生7 084名,使用问卷调查收集年龄、性别、家庭经济情况和零食消费情况等信息,按照标准程序测量身高、体重、腰围、血压,采集晨起空腹血测定血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和三酰甘油等指标。结果常吃"可经常食用"、"适当食用"、"限量食用"3类零食的小学生肥胖检出率(OR值及OR值95%CI)依次为9.3%(参照组)、10.2%(1.09,0.88～1.35)、11.8%(1.25,1.05～1.50),腹型肥胖率依次为13.3%(参照组)、14.8%(1.14,0.95～1.37)、15.8%(1.25,1.07～1.46),高三酰甘油血症检出率依次为3.4%(参照组)、3.9%(1.13,0.81～1.58)、4.6%(1.34,1.02～1.77)。调整年龄、性别、出生体重、出生4个月内喂养方式、父母文化程度、家庭人均收入等混杂因素后,肥胖、腹型肥胖、高三酰甘油血症检出率在各组间差异仍有统计学意义。结论经常吃不健康零食会增加儿童患肥胖及代谢异常的风险,选择蔬菜、水果、奶及奶制品、豆及豆制品等食物作为零食有益于健康,对儿童进行营养健康教育具有重要意义。     

外源性谷胱甘肽对慢性砷暴露小鼠尿砷代谢及氧化应激的影响

目的探讨给与谷胱甘肽(GSH)及其拮抗剂——丁硫氨酸亚砜胺(BSO)对慢性砷暴露小鼠体内砷代谢及氧化应激的影响。方法将SPF级雌性昆明小鼠随机分为对照组(蒸馏水)、单纯染砷组(50 mg/L亚砷酸钠)、GSH干预组(50 mg/L亚砷酸钠+400 mg/kg GSH)和BSO(50 mg/L亚砷酸钠+600mg/kg BSO)干预组,除对照组小鼠饮用蒸馏水外,其余各组均饮用含50 mg/L亚砷酸钠的水溶液连续染毒30周,然后给予400 mg/kg GSH或600 mg/kg BSO,用蒸馏水配制GSH和BSO水溶液,每天两次腹腔注射,连续2 d,用氢化物发生-超低温捕集-原子吸收分光光度法测定尿液各形态砷水平,用DTNB及试剂盒法分别测定全血及肝脏中GSH和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平。结果 GSH干预组小鼠尿中二甲基胂(DMA)、DMA含量构成比、二甲基化率(SMR)及总砷含量高于单纯染砷组(P<0.05),而BSO干预组各形态砷、DMA含量构成比、一甲基化率(FMR)、SMR及总砷含量均低于单纯染砷组(P<0.05);单纯染砷组小鼠肝脏和血液GSH和T-AOC的水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。给予GSH干预后,肝脏和血液GSH和T-AOC水平均高于单纯染砷组(P<0.05)且与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。BSO干预组小鼠肝脏和血液GSH和T-AOC的水平均低于其他各组(P<0.05)。结论外源性GSH干预可以增强砷暴露小鼠的砷甲基化能力,增加砷从尿液中的排出,拮抗砷所致的GSH和T-AOC水平下降,从而减少了砷对机体造成的氧化损伤。