卡维地洛对原发性高血压心肌组织特征及部分血管活性肽水平的改变

目的:应用超声声学密度技术探讨卡维地洛治疗原发性高血压患者左心室心肌组织密度的变化,分析治疗后部分血管活性肽心钠素、脑钠素、内皮素-1(ET-1)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平的改变及其与心肌组织密度变化的关系。方法:将入选对象101例分为无左心室肥厚组56例及伴左心室肥厚组45例,应用超声声学密度技术测量治疗前后左心室心肌不同切面的平均声学密度(AII％);测量治疗前后部分血管活性肽心钠素、脑钠素、ET-1、CGRP、IGF-1水平,分析治疗前后其变化规律及与心肌声学密度变化的关系。结果:卡维地洛治疗后原发性高血压左心室各室壁AII％之和(SUM)较治疗前有显著性下降(P<0．05)。心钠素、脑钠素、IGF-1在无左心室肥厚组有下降的趋势(P>0．05),ET-1有显著性下降(P<0．05)。在伴左心室肥厚组心钠素、ET-1、IGF-1有显著性下降(P<0．05),脑钠素有下降趋势(P>0．05)。CGRP水平治疗后无左心室肥厚组有升高趋势(P>0．05),伴左心室肥厚组有显著性升高(P<0．05)。伴左心室肥厚组心肌各切面室壁SUM在治疗前后的变化ΔSUM与ΔET-1、Δ心钠素、ΔIGF-1等各因子水平呈正相关,与ΔCGRP水平呈负相关。结论:卡维地洛能降低原发性高血压左心室心肌组织密度;能使原发性高血压左心室肥厚两组心钠素、ET-1、CGRP、IGF-1等部分血管活性肽向有利于维持正常血压水平的方向改变。     

原发性高血压合并心肌肥厚与胰岛素样生长因子-1的关系研究

目的:探讨胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)与原发性高血压合并心肌肥厚关系.方法:采取酶免疫分析法测定了53例原发性高血压患者(原发性高血压组)和16例正常人(正常对照组)的血清IGF-1水平.结果:原发性高血压组血清中IGF-1浓度较正常对照组普遍升高(P＜0.05).原发性高血压组中心肌肥厚患者血清IGF-1浓度比非心肌肥厚患者显著增高(P＜0.01);原发性高血压组中室间隔肥厚患者血清IGF-1浓度比室间隔正常患者高(P＜0.05).原发性高血压组中心肌肥厚患者左心室重量指数及室间隔肥厚患者与血清IGF-1存在相关性,r分别为0.45和0.43.结论:本研究发现原发性高血压患者血清中的IGF-1普遍升高,提示血液中的IGF-1可能参与原发性高血压某些病理生理过程.原发性高血压组心肌肥厚患者和室间隔增厚患者的血清IGF-1浓度均比非心肌肥厚患者显著和室间隔正常对照患者增高,原发性高血压组心肌肥厚患者左心室重量指数及室间隔肥厚患者与血清IGF-1存在相关性,提示血清IGF-1有促进心肌肥厚的作用.     

hsCRP与原发性高血压心肌纤维化相关性分析

目的 观察原发性高血压患者血清高教C反应蛋白(hsCRP)与心肌声学密度的变化情况,探讨hsCRP与高血压心肌纤维化的关系.方法 将入选对象84例,分为健康对照组30名,原发性高血压无左心室肥厚组(NLVH) 28例及原发性高血压左心室肥厚组(LVH)26例.应用超声心动图测量声学密度各项值,采用免疫胶乳比浊法测定hsCRP.结果 NLVH组hsCRP与对照组相比有增高趋势,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05),LVH组hsCRP与NLVH组相比显著性升高(P＜0.01).NLVH组与对照组相比,矫正的声学强度(CAI1、CAI2)背向散射积分周期变化值(CVIB1、CVIB2)无统计学意义(P＞0.05),LVH组与NLVH组相比,CAI1、CAI2值显著性升高(P＜0.01),CVIB1、CVIB2值显著性降低(P＜0.01).hsCRP与CAI1、CAI2呈直线正相关(P＜0,01),hsCRP与CVIB1、CVIB2呈直线负相关(P＜0.01).结论 hsCRP与原发性高血压心肌纤维化之间有明显相关性.     

慢性心力衰竭患者心钠素、脑钠素浓度改变及卡维地洛对其影响

目的观察慢性心力衰竭患者心钠素、脑钠素浓度改变及卡维地洛对其影响.方法选择观察组慢性心力衰竭患者42例和对照组20例,采用放射免疫法测定治疗前后血浆心钠素、脑钠素浓度;彩色超声心动图测定左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末期内径;临床慢性心力衰竭采用NYHA心功能分级;将观察组随机分为常规治疗者21例和加用卡维地洛治疗者21例,满2周复查心钠素和脑钠素;满3个月复查彩色超声心动图.结果观察组血浆心钠素、脑钠素浓度均高于对照组(P均＜0.001);临床慢性心力衰竭程度越重,血浆心钠素、脑钠素浓度越高(P均＜0.001);卡维地洛治疗者与常规治疗者治疗满2周后均有血浆心钠素、脑钠素浓度下降,卡维地洛治疗者血浆心钠素、脑钠素浓度下降更明显(P＜0.05);而满3个月时卡维地洛治疗者左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末期内径均比常规治疗者明显改善(P均＜0.05).结论心钠素、脑钠素浓度可以反映心功能状态;卡维地洛可以降低心钠素、脑钠素浓度及改善心脏重构及心功能.     

高血压引起的左心室舒张功能障碍与心肌纤维化及转化生长因子-β1的关系研究

目的本研究试图研究心肌纤维化与高血压引起的左心室舒张功能障碍之间的关系及转化生长因子-β1在心肌纤维化形成中的作用.方法收集83例原发性高血压病人,分为左心室舒张功能正常组、左心室舒张功能障碍组,根据Devereux标准分为左心室舒张功能障碍不伴左心室肥厚者、左心室舒张功能障碍伴左心室肥厚者,根据舒张早期最大峰值速度/舒张晚期最大峰值速度(VE/VA)值分为左心室舒张功能障碍伴VE/VA＜1者、左心室舒张功能障碍伴VE/VA＞1者.分别检测血清Ⅲ型前胶原、层粘蛋白、透明质酸、Ⅳ型胶原的含量及转化生长因子-β1.结果发现左心室舒张功能障碍组的转化生长因子-β1和纤维化指标除层粘蛋白及Ⅳ型胶原外,均明显高于左心室舒张功能正常组;尤其在左心室舒张功能障碍伴有左心室肥厚者及VE/VA＞1者,并且与病程长短有关.转化生长因子-β1与血清Ⅲ型前胶原、层粘蛋白、透明质酸、Ⅳ型胶原的相关系数分别为[0.5356(P＜0.01)、0.0864(P＞0.05)、0.1527(P＞0.05)、0.2020(P＞0.05)].结论在原发性高血压引起的左心室舒张功能障碍过程中发生了心肌纤维化,随着病程的进展,心肌舒张由弛缓性降低向顺应性降低发展,心肌纤维化程度进一步加重.而转化生长因子-β1与心肌纤维化的形成密切相关.     

原发性高血压患者血浆脑钠尿肽改变的临床意义

探讨原发性高血压患者血浆脑钠尿肽浓度变化与左心室舒张功能和左心室肥厚的关系.采用多谱勒超声心电图和放射免疫分析方法,将54例原发性高血压患者分组和14例正常者进行脑钠尿肽水平、心脏结构、左心室舒张功能检测.结果发现,与正常对照组相比,高血压组血浆脑钠尿肽浓度明显增高;而且血浆脑钠尿肽浓度在1级、2级、3级高血压患者各组间有显著性差异,说明脑钠尿肽浓度与高血压的严重程度密切相关.将54例高血压患者分为单纯高血压组与左心室肥厚组,并两组间相比较在左心室射血分数、左心室短轴缩短率FS均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而在血浆脑钠尿肽浓度、左心室肥厚(包括室间隔肥厚、左心室后壁肥厚)相比较具有显著性差异(P＜0.001).结论提示,血浆脑钠尿肽浓度与原发性高血压的发生、发展、左心室肥厚及左心室舒张功能受损有一定关系,并有望成临床医师判断高血压患者左心室肥厚和左心室舒张功能异常的一项较好生物化学指标.     

心肌声学密度定量分析检测高血压心肌纤维化

目的 观察原发性高血压患者心肌声学密度和血清Ⅲ型前胶原末端肽(PⅢNP)含量的变化情况,以评估心肌声学密度定量分析技术检测高血压心肌纤维化的临床价值.方法 入选原发性高血压患者75例(高血压组),另选健康体检者75例为对照组.应用超声心动图测量声学密度各项值,采用放免法测定PⅢNP的浓度.结果 高血压组的声学强度(CAI)显著高于健康对照组(P＜0.01),而高血压组的背向散射积分周期变化值(CVIB)(室间隔:6.07±0.85,左室后壁:7.00±1.15)显著低于健康对照组(室间隔:8.60±3.12,左室后壁:11.85±3.06,P＜0.05);高血压组血清PⅢNP含量(109.9±7.5)μg/L显著高于健康对照组[(43.9±5.9)μg/L,P＜0.01];血清PⅢNP与室间隔和左室后壁声学强度呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),与室间隔和左室后壁CVIB呈显著负相关(P＜0.01).结论 心肌声学密度定量分析技术是检测高血压心肌纤维化的一项可靠技术.     

老年高血压合并2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素、脑钠肽及胰岛素抵抗与左心室肥厚的关系

目的探讨老年高血压合并2型糖尿病患者体内血清脂联素、脑钠肽与胰岛素和左心室肥厚之间的关系。方法从该院2012年10月—2017年8月收治的老年患者中随机选取2型糖尿病患者70例、原发性高血压患者70例,以及高血压病合并糖尿病患者70例,并选择50名健康者进行对照实验,测定4组血清脂联素、脑钠肽以及胰岛素抵抗含量水平,从而得出上述三种指标含量与左心室肥厚之间的联系。结果 2型糖尿病组、原发性高血压组、高血压合并糖尿病组与对照组患者体内所含血清脂联素、脑钠肽、胰岛素抵抗含量均有较大差异。结论血清脂联素水平和左心室肥厚呈负相关,脑钠肽水平和左心室肥厚呈正相关,胰岛素抵抗和左心室肥厚呈正相关。     

血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽与高血压左室肥厚的关系研究

目的检测高血压左室肥厚（LVH）患者血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽的浓度，期望进一步揭示高血压左室肥厚的发病机制。方法选择健康成年人30名为正常对照组，严格按照2005年《中国高血压防治指南》标准选取1、2级原发性高血压（EH）患者90例，其中非左室肥厚组30例，左室肥厚组60例，测量血压、左室室间隔厚度（IVST）、左室后壁厚度（PWT）及采取肘静脉血3ml，分离血浆，测量血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽的浓度。所得数据用x±s表示，采用t检验和直线相关检验。结果①高血压组血浆内皮素的浓度均高于正常对照组（P〈0．01），左室肥厚组高于非左室肥厚组（P〈0．05），左室肥厚组左室室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度与血浆内皮素的浓度呈正相关。②高血压组患者血浆降钙素基因相关肽的浓度均低于正常对照组（P〈0．01），左室肥厚组低于非左室肥厚组（P〈0．01），左室肥厚组左室室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度与血浆降钙素基因相关肽的浓度呈负相关。③内皮素／降钙素基因相关肽比值在正常对照组接近于1，在高血压组大于1，其中左室肥厚组大于非左室肥厚组。结论血浆内皮素、降钙素基因相关肽的浓度比例失衡参与了高血压及左室肥厚的发生，二者在高血压及左室肥厚的发生、发展中具有不可忽视的作用，所以通过检测血浆内皮素、降钙素基因相关肽的浓度可能对高血压的诊断及临床治疗评价都起着重要作用。     

勿动蛋白及其信号通路分子Rho A与Rho相关蛋白激酶在高血压心肌肥厚与纤维化中的作用

目的探讨勿动蛋白(Nogo)/Rho相关蛋白激酶(ROCK)-去甲肾上腺素转运蛋白(NET)信号通路对自发性高血压大鼠心肌肥厚与纤维化的调节作用。方法选择7周龄SPF级同源同系雄性自发性高血压大鼠20只,随机分为4组:对照组、Nogo受体拮抗剂(NEP1-40)组、ROCK抑制剂(法舒地尔)组和NET抑制剂(氟西汀)组,每组5只,饲养7周。分离称量左心室质量,计算左心室质量指数。实时定量PCR检测心肌肥厚标志物心钠肽、脑钠肽、β肌球蛋白重链(β-MHC)基因表达,以及心肌纤维化标志物结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)、心肌胶原组织Ⅰ型(CollagenⅠ)、心肌胶原组织Ⅲ型(CollagenⅢ)和NET基因表达水平。结果与对照组比较,NEP1-40组左心室质量指数、心钠肽、脑钠肽、β-MHC表达明显增高,法舒地尔组左心室质量指数、心钠肽、脑钠肽、β-MHC表达明显降低(P0.05)。与对照组比较,NEP1-40组CTGF、CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ表达明显增高,法舒地尔组NET表达明显升高,CTGF、CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ和NET表达明显降低(P0.05)。与对照组比较,氟西汀组心钠肽、脑钠肽、β-MHC、CTGF和CollagenⅠ表达明显增高[(1.37±0.05)%vs (1.26±0.03)%,(1.27±0.04)%vs (1.18±0.07)%,(1.26±0.04)%vs (1.22±0.03)%,2.05±0.01 vs 1.44±0.11,1.86±0.06 vs 1.29±0.05,P0.05]。结论Nogo/ROCK-NET信号通路参与自发性高血压大鼠心肌肥厚与纤维化的调节。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.