南京市老年人卫生服务需要和利用情况分析

目的了解南京市老年人卫生服务需要和利用现状,并探讨卫生服务利用影响因素,为卫生系统合理配置资源、有关部门制定相应卫生管理政策提供参考。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,以自行设计的"老年人健康信息调查表",对南京市某社区老年人一般健康状况、卫生服务利用情况进行现场问卷调查。共调查500份,有效问卷493份,有效率为98.6%。结果南京市某社区老年人两周患病率为21.1%,慢性病患病率为77.3%,两周就诊率为23.3%,住院率为3.9%。影响两周就诊率因素为:居住状况、医疗保险和自我健康评分,影响住院率因素为:年龄、医疗保险和自我健康评分。结论南京市老年人卫生服务需求量较大,卫生服务利用率较低,应加强基层卫生机构建设,积极开展老年人健康教育,完善医疗保险制度。     

社区产妇信息化健康教育需求调查分析和对策研究

目的:了解社区产妇对信息化健康教育的需求。方法:用自制问卷对出院后返回社区的100例产妇进行问卷调查。结果:75.76%的产妇对产后健康教育信息化需求强烈,不同年龄产妇接受信息化健康教育方式有显著性差异。结论:信息化健康教育是产妇迫切需要的,100%的产妇均表示需要信息化健康教育。不同年龄产妇接受信息化健康教育方式不同,开展信息化健康教育时要有多种途径。     

江苏省青少年生殖健康基本状况调查

目的:了解江苏省青少年生殖健康知识、态度、行为及服务的基本状况,为开展生殖健康教育与服务提供科学依据。方法:采用整群随机抽样方法,对7043名15～24岁青少年采用匿名自填式调查表进行问卷调查。结果:应答者平均年龄为19.85岁,性知识回答正确率为51.7%,性病及艾滋病知识回答正确率为56.51%。50.41%的人赞成婚前性行为。恋爱中有性交的占7.7%,其中采取避孕措施66.94%。希望计划生育部门提供服务的依次为性知识教育、生殖健康咨询、性病和艾滋病的预防知识(70.54%、66.24%、51.3%)。结论:应加强对江苏省青少年生殖健康教育与服务。     

100例住院患者健康素养干预效果分析

目的通过健康教育的方法,探讨健康教育对住院患者健康素养知识知晓率的影响。方法对2014年在南京市建邺医院内科住院的100例患者进行调查和健康教育。调查采取自身前后对照的方法,出院时再进行一次问卷调查。结果教育前100例患者对问卷调查回答正确率平均为34%,而教育后提高至85%。结论在病房开展以健康素养手册、健康素养DVD播放、医护人员解释答疑等健康教育方式起到的效果十分显著。     

720名新兵健康知识,信念,行为调查

为了摸清新兵健康教育的本底情况 ,以便提高健康教育的效果 ,对在我部训练的 1 998年度 2 3 0名后勤新兵进行了有关健康知识、信念、行为的调查。结果如下 :内容和方法在新兵检疫期间 ,对 72 0名新兵进行统一的问卷调查 ,内容包括 6类健康知识、 7类保健信念、 8类卫生行为及 4类卫生需求。制定统一的调查表 ,在同一时间内填答问卷 ,然后收回进行统计分析。结　　果1 一般情况　共发放问卷 72 0份 ,收回72 0份 ,有效 71 4份 ,有效率 99 1 %。全部为男性 ,其中城市兵占 5 2 3 %、农村兵占47 7% ,初中文化者占 44 8%、高中或相当高中文化者…     

长春市农村已婚妇女生殖健康现状调查与分析

目的:调查农村已婚妇女生殖健康的现状与需求,为开展生殖保健服务提供科学依据。方法:对长春市农村15个村的已婚妇女进行了问卷调查,共收有效问卷5 116份,调查表经审核后输入计算机,用SAS软件进行统计分析。结果:当前农村已婚妇女的生殖健康存在许多问题,如缺乏婚前后、孕前后和产前后的知识及其保健措施。结论:必须广泛宣传卫生知识,加强农村卫生工作,提高广大妇女的健康水平。     

网吧上网者艾滋病知识健康教育效果评价

目的评价依托公共场所卫生监督开展网吧上网人员艾滋病健康教育的效果。方法先采用匿名自填问卷调查网吧上网人员艾滋病防治知识的知晓情况,然后采用依托公共场所卫生监督开展网吧上网人员艾滋病健康教育方法,教育后再以问卷形式评价教育效果。结果教育前网吧上网人员艾滋病防治知识、传播途径、态度正确回答率分别为75.2%、74.3%、81.0%,教育后正确回答率分别为86.6%、86.5%、93.6%。教育前后正确回答率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论依托公共场所卫生监督开展网吧上网者艾滋病健康教育效果好。     

都江堰市震后安置点卫生状况及居民卫生服务需求

目的分析都江堰市地震灾区不同阶段安置点环境卫生状况及居民卫生服务需求,对现阶段安置点防病工作提供建议,为灾民永久安置点建设提供经验和借鉴。方法分别在2008年6月、8月,2009年3月三次对都江堰市集中安置点进行资料收集、现场观察和问卷调查,采用系统抽样方法对永久安置点居民进行问卷调查,调查内容包括安置点卫生状况、卫生服务需求状况等。结果灾民集中安置经历帐篷聚集点、板房安置点、永久安置点3个阶段,安置点分散式供水人群比例由17.83%降至2.10%;安置点修建排污管网比例由62.38%上升至89.61%,再至100%;垃圾集中收运比例由76.64%上升至94.81%,再至100%;永久安置点居民需求度最高的医疗服务和防病知识分别为疾病诊治和防蚊、蝇、鼠知识和技能,分别为86.36%和65.91%。结论安置点卫生状况逐步好转,但仍存在一定缺陷,应定期对板房安置点进行卫生检查和宣传教育,卫生机构应参与灾后重建规划,并对已建成并入住安置点开展有针对性健康教育活动。     

手术病人健康教育需求特点的调查分析

目的:了解手术病人健康教育需求特点.方法:用自行设计的"手术病人健康教育需求调查表",对我院外科住院手术病人200例进行了问卷调查分析,有效问卷200份.结果:病人的需求具有阶段性、多样化特点.结论:针对病人需求的特点,提出围手术期全程分期教育对策及个别指导为主的教育模式.     

无锡市锡山区健康教育处方需求状况分析

为了进一步了解群众与患者对健康处方的需求趋势 ,现将江苏省无锡市锡山区卫生防疫站 1 998～ 2 0 0 0年通过各种渠道发放的 3万余份健康教育处方进行调查分析 ,掌握医护人员、住院患者、社会各界人员对健康教育处方的需求动向 ,为今后更好地开展此项工作提供依据。对象与方法1 对象　随机对医护人员、住院患者以及比较认真阅取健康教育处方的社会各界人员各 2 0 0人进行调查。2 方法　采用问卷调查方法 ,分成医护人员、住院患者、社会各界人员 3种调查表 ,由调查对象自行填写 ,问卷无记名。调查内容包括 :健康教育处方的内容是否实用、健…     

安庆市400例住院患者健康教育调查分析

目的:了解患者对健康教育的现状.方法:对8家医院400名患者实行不记名填写方式问卷调查.结果:回收有效问卷400份,回收率100%,92%患者表明医护人员的健康指导确能影响个人行为和生活方式.结论:健康教育有普遍需求,应针对性采取多种方式、方法,不同时间、不同地点因人而异.     

论医疗保险制度改革对社区卫生服务的影响

我国医疗保险制度的改革，有利于社区卫生服务的巩固和发展。首先，属地管理原则要求巩固和发展社区卫生服务：其次，医疗保险制度管理的规范化，包括对药品范围和诊疗项目的规定、对医疗消费的引导及筹资方式的规范化管理，都能促进社区卫生服务的发展。其三，较低的统筹基金起付线和个人支付比例将有效地促使患者更多地选择社区卫生服务。     

北京市崇文区社区卫生服务机构健康教育开展现状

目的了解北京市崇文区居民对社区卫生服务机构的健康教育需求,为有针对性的开展健康教育活动提供依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法,对崇文区参加健康体检的常住居民进行社区卫生服务机构健康教育现状及认可程度调查。结果居民对社区卫生服务健康教育的满意率为22.67%。在社区卫生服务机构优劣势的调查中,90.25%的调查对象认为社区卫生服务机构开展的健康教育知识具有科学性和针对性,但92.54%的人觉得大医院在健康教育方面更具有权威性。居民对高血压、糖尿病、冠心病等日常保健知识需求最高,为90.63%,其认可率也最高,为96.56%;对儿童与青少年视力保护保健知识的需求率最低,为23.90%,其认可率也最低,为1.23%。结论社区健康教育机构能够提供经济、快捷、质优、方便的健康教育,但也存在着卫生服务水平不高的现状,应在加大社区健康教育覆盖面的同时,不断提高从业人员的卫生服务能力。     

Health literacy in health systems: perspectives on patient self-management in Israel

Health systems will face new challenges in this millennium. Striking the balance between the best quality of care and optimal use of dwindling resources will challenge health policy makers, managers and practitioners. Increasingly, improvements in the outcomes of interventions for both acute and chronic patients will depend on partnerships between health service providers, the individual and their family. Patient education that incorporates self-management and empowerment has proven to be cost-effective. It is essential that health care providers promote informed decision making, and facilitate actions designed to improve personal capacity to exert control over factors that determine health and improve health outcomes. It is for these reasons that promoting health literacy is a central strategy for improving self-management in health. The different types of health literacy--functional, interactive and critical health literacy--are considered. The potential to improve health literacy at each of these levels has been demonstrated in practice among diabetics and other chronic disease patients in Clalit Health Services (CHS) in Israel is used as an example to demonstrate possibilities. The application of all three types of health literacy is expressed in: (i) developing appropriate health information tools for the public to be applied in primary, secondary and tertiary care settings, and in online and media information accessibility and appropriateness using culturally relevant participatory methods; (ii) training of health professionals at all levels, including undergraduate and in-service training; and (iii) developing and applying appropriate assessment and monitoring tools which include public/patient participatory methods. Health care providers need to consider where their patients are getting information on disease and self-management, whether or not that information is reliable, and inform their patients of the best sources of information and its use. The improved collaboration with patient and consumer groups, whose goals are to promote rights and self-management capabilities and advocate for improved health services, can be very beneficial.     

Conceptualising geographies of health knowledge: the emergence of new education spaces for public health

In recent years both new knowledges and new experts have been introduced into public health as part of the development of multidisciplinary practice. This paper presents an analysis of these recent changes, which is informed by theoretical ideas around governmentality and geographies of knowledge. Although critical geographies of public health are starting to emerge the education of professionals, specifically the production and consumption of knowledges within education spaces, remains relatively unexplored. This research extends existing work by critically examining the academic instruction of professionals through the Masters in Public Health programmes. Specifically the paper argues that new spaces of education are emerging to meet the requirements of multidisciplinary practice, however there is no blueprint. Instead a geographically based diversity of practice can be observed which is characterised by enclosures of expertise wherein competing forms of public health knowledge and expert are held as ideal.     

健康教育对哮喘患者健康行为的影响

目的探讨健康教育对哮喘患者健康行为的影响。方法采用健康行为量表和自制调查问卷,对96例哮喘患者接受健康教育前后的健康行为进行调查,比较患者在接受教育前后健康行为的差异。结果健康教育后患者健康行为总分为（133.79±7.32）分,明显高于健康教育前（t=1.973,P〈0.001）;有吸烟行为的哮喘患者人数比健康教育前有很大程度减少（P〈0.05）,自觉学习、按医嘱用药、适量增加运动以及保持情绪稳定等项也比健康教育前显著提高（P〈0.05）。结论健康教育有利于缓解哮喘发作以及帮助哮喘患者提高生活质量。     

The development of a community child and family mental health service

The Community Child and Family Service is a primary care and community-based child mental health service working in a socio-economically disadvantaged area of inner London. This paper outlines the strategic framework and value base from which the service has developed. The clinical projects set up by the service in general practice, community and education settings are described, as are the training and supervision programmes that have been undertaken. The framework for evaluating the clinical and economic outcomes of the projects is outlined. There has been a positive response from purchasers, providers and clients to the introduction of this Service. The relationship between community- and hospital-based child mental health services is discussed, as is the future direction of the Service.     

Trapped in risky behaviour: Empowerment,disabled people and sexual health

The concept of empowerment within care environments has brought the issue of informed choice onto professionals’ and users’ agendas. However, this principle can be frustrated by a range of factors that reveal the tension between the autonomy of service users to take risks and the responsibility of service providers to assess and protect users from risks. This tension between users and providers has been noted within many areas of service but may become heightened where the outcome of risk-related action may be perceived as damaging. The authors’ own research indicated that sexual health education is one such area. Findings presented in this paper reveal that lack of clarity around responsibility for, and efficacy of, sexual health education has negative effects on the choices and behaviour of service users. The relationship between disabled service users and service providers is confused, particularly over issues of responsibility for identifying and addressing sexual health need. Further, organisational policies and structures can frustrate service providers’ attempts to develop and respond to sexual health education. This can create an environment where the emphasis is on risk avoidance or even denial of risk-related behaviour rather than risk protection.     

现行医疗保险制度对住院患者就医行为影响的调查研究

通过对不同医疗保险住院患者的就医行为的调查，了解我国卫生体制改革后，新的医疗保险制度在规范和调解医疗服务市场中所起的作用，为不断完善我国医疗保险制度，不断提高我国医疗保险管理水平提供参考资料。我们采用问卷调查方式，对成都市5个城区14家医院的574名住院患者进行调查。结果发现医疗保险情况、年龄、职业和收入对患者的就医行为有影响。     

从医改之争看公共服务的提供主体

在健康的市场环境中,只要政府加强监管,营利机构提供公共服务并不一定会导致行业暴利,由于信息不对称所引起的对消费者的伤害也会大大减少;只要政府最后“兜底”,市场所带来的社会不公也会得到相当程度的弥补。所以,对于可以利用市场机制实现高效运营目标的公共服务,营利机构可以作为提供主体之一。