醚化、交联对玉米淀粉功能性质的影响

本文研究了醚化和交联反应对玉米淀粉物理性质和结构的影响。实验结果表明:醚化明显地改善了淀粉糊的透明度和低温稳定性,降低了糊化温度;醚化淀粉再经交联后,可改善淀粉糊的粘度稳定性。醚化及交联反应主要在淀粉的非结晶区进行,反应并未破坏淀粉颗粒。醚化影响直链淀粉的构象并在颗粒表面形成空穴,交联则使淀粉颗粒在蒸煮后仍保持完整并抑制了直链淀粉的渗出。     

高交联玉米淀粉的非晶化特性

研究了以三氯氧磷为交联剂的高交联玉米淀粉的制备方法,报道了高交联玉米淀粉颗粒随反应取代度增加而逐渐非晶化的现象.采用偏光显微镜和广角X-射线衍射对其由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了研究,提出高交联玉米淀粉中存在不同于原淀粉多晶颗粒态的只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态。对非晶颗粒态高交联玉米淀粉颗粒的粒度分布的进一步研究结果还表明,此时的淀粉颗粒发生了轻度的膨胀。     

三偏磷酸钠交联玉米淀粉颗粒膨胀历程及结构特征

利用淀粉与三偏磷酸钠的交联反应,通过控制交联反应程度,成功地控制了交联淀粉颗粒膨胀程度并使其停留在不同的溶胀阶段,详细研究了处在不同溶胀阶段交联淀粉颗粒的结构特征和变化趋势,揭示了三偏磷酸钠交联玉米淀粉颗粒的膨胀历程及结构特征,即随着淀粉颗粒交联程度的降低,颗粒的膨胀历程由中心脐点处爆裂膨胀方式转化为颗粒整体向外的均匀膨胀方式.     

高交联木薯淀粉的非糊化特性

以三氯氧磷为交联剂制备非糊化的高交联木薯淀粉,并测定了反应的取代度和布拉班德粘度曲线,研究了在沸水中受热后非糊化淀粉的颗粒形貌及粒度分布等特性．提出高交联非糊化木薯淀粉存在着不同于原淀粉颗粒的在沸水中只发生轻度有限溶胀的非糊化颗粒态     

高温水分散体系交联玉米淀粉的非晶化现象研究

研究了用三偏磷酸钠为交联剂制备高交联玉米淀粉的方法,采用偏光显微镜和广角X-射线衍射对交联玉米淀粉由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了详细报道,发现了随着温度的升高交联玉米淀粉逐渐非晶化现象,提出在高温条件下交联玉米淀粉存在着只含无定型结构的非晶颗粒态,并用扫描电镜对非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉的结构进行了详细研究.     

交联氧化复合变性甘薯淀粉在粉丝生产中的应用

本文讨论了用氧化剂处理甘薯淀粉,使其增白。在轻度氧化处理的基础上进一步用交联剂处理,提高淀粉凝胶的强度,即抗剪切、抗水、热能力。交联氧化复合变性甘薯淀粉与蚕豆淀粉配合使用制成的粉丝,与全蚕豆粉丝相比,品质没有显著差异。生产过程简单,易于控制。     

非晶颗粒态马铃薯淀粉的制备方法

报道了水分散体系高温溶胀、常温碱分散体系强碱溶胀作用非晶颗粒态马铃薯淀粉的制备方法 ,采用偏光显微镜对多晶态向非晶态的变化进行了确认 ,提出在一定条件下 ,高交联马铃薯淀粉 ,可以由原淀粉多晶颗粒态制备成只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态淀粉     

三种交联酯化冷水可溶淀粉性质的比较

通过不同工艺路线制备了相应的交联酯化冷水可溶淀粉，分别称为a、b、c淀粉，对它们的性质作了对比研究，结果发现，不同的工艺路线制备出的淀粉性质存在差异。a淀粉交联度最高，酯化取代度最低，在冷水中容易分散，形成的糊的粘度热稳定性好，但透明度差，容易凝沉；c淀粉交联度最低，酯化取代度最高，在冷水中不易分散，形成的糊的粘度热稳定性差，但透明度好，不易凝沉；b淀粉性质居于两者之间。     

交联羧甲基红薯淀粉吸附废水中Pb^2＋的研究

以红薯淀粉为原料,选用环氧氯丙烷作交联剂,氯乙酸作羧甲基化试剂,合成了交联-羧甲基复合变性淀粉,研究交联-羧甲基淀粉在水处理中吸附Pb2+的影响因素.结果表明,Pb2+的吸附量与取代度、淀粉量、Pb2+起始质量浓度、温度、pH和吸附时间有关,吸附符合朗缪尔的等温吸附线,淀粉再生能力良好.     

硬脂酸淀粉酯的性质

对硬脂酸淀粉酯的流变学性质和乳化稳定性进行了研究.结果表明:硬脂酸淀粉酯的粘度明显低于原淀粉,其粘度随温度的升高和剪切速率的增加而下降,取代度的增加对硬脂酸淀粉酯的粘度没有显著影响;硬脂酸淀粉酯的乳化稳定性随取代度、硬脂酸淀粉酯用量以及油水比的增加而增加,随温度的升高而降低.     

The effect of potato starch derived and corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch on in vitro blood coagulation

We have compared the effects of progressive in vitro haemodilution (30% and 60%) with potato starch derived hydroxyethyl starch and corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch on blood coagulation in 80 patients using thrombelastography. Both solutions significantly compromised blood coagulation as evidenced by an increase in coagulation time and decreases in angle α, maximum amplitude and coagulation index (p < 0.05). Blood coagulation was more compromised during haemodilution with potato starch derived hydroxyethyl starch as compared with corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch (p < 0.05). When taking the effect of haemodilution with 0.9% saline into account, haemodilution with both hydroxyethyl starch solutions also augmented clot lysis (p < 0.05), with potato starch derived hydroxyethyl starch having a greater effect than corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch (p < 0.05). We conclude that potato starch derived hydroxyethyl starch compromises in vitro blood coagulation more than corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch.     

内源脂类对抗性淀粉RSⅢ形成的影响

以普通玉米淀粉为试验材料 ,先制备出低脂淀粉和无脂淀粉 ,经高温压热处理后 ,分别测定它们的抗性淀粉含量 ,发现内源脂类对抗性淀粉RSⅢ的形成有显著影响 .多量脂类的存在不利于抗性淀粉的形成 ,少量脂类的存在提高了抗性淀粉产率 ,甚至略高于无脂淀粉的产率 .故对淀粉适当脱脂有利于抗性淀粉的形成 .     

十二烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯性质的研究

十二烯基酯化淀粉是一种优良的增稠和乳化剂.作者研究了其力学性质和乳化稳定性,并进行了微胶囊包埋实验,实验证明其包埋效果比传统的壁材更好.     

百合淀粉凝胶回生过程中的流变学特性

以玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉为参照,考察了百合淀粉回生过程中的流变学特性及糖对其回生过程中流变学特性的影响.结果表明百合淀粉回生过程中的流变学特性与马铃薯淀粉极为相似,与玉米淀粉有显著差异;添加蔗糖可以抑制百合淀粉胶存放过程中初始贮能模量的增加,即添加蔗糖可抑制其回生速率.     

食用羟丙基淀粉的研究

用化学方法对淀粉分子结构进行改造,使其部分脱水葡萄糖单位上的羟基与烷基化试剂反应生成羟丙基淀粉。经羟丙基醚化后的淀粉糊化温度明显降低,糊化速度大大加快,老化现象改善,凝胶较为透明清晰,在冷藏、冻融以及微酸性条件下,能保持凝胶的稳定性。参照F.C.C标准,羟丙基淀粉可供食用。动物毒理试验结果无异常。性能稳定。食用羟丙基淀粉可以代替或部分代替天然胶(果胶、阿拉伯胶等)。     

Hypothermic machine perfusion of rat livers preserves endothelial cell function

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of starch in the preservation solution during hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) on endothelial cell and hepatocyte functions in an isolated perfused rat liver model. Livers isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused with the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution (HMP + starch group); modified UW solution (starch omitted) (HMP - starch group) at 0.4 mL/min per g liver; or simply stored in the UW solution (SCS group) at 4 degrees C for 24 hours. Following preservation, livers from HMP + starch, HMP - starch, SCS, and control group (without preservation) were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit Buffer solution at 37 degrees C for 30 minutes. Samples were taken every 10 minutes during 30-minute warm perfusion to assess hepatocyte and endothelial cell function and damage. After 24 hours of hypothermic preservation and 30 minutes rewarming, livers in the HMP + starch group displayed significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase levels and higher bile production. Endothelial cell function was also improved as indicated by hyaluronic acid uptake and shorter transient time for albumin observed in a multiple indicator dilution study. Liver wet and dry ratio and histological findings confirmed reduced edema formation in the tissue of the HMP + starch group livers compared with that of the HMP - starch and SCS group livers. These results suggest that HMP with the UW solution containing starch improve endothelial cell function and induce less hepatocellular damage following 24-hour preservation compared to SCS and HMP with the starch-free UW solution. These results also suggest that oncotic support may be an important component in preserving hepatic microcirculation in HMP.     

非晶颗粒态木薯淀粉微生物降解特性

采用光学显微分析方法,以原木薯淀粉为参照,对非晶颗粒态木薯淀粉在微生物作用下的降解过程进行了观察和研究. 结果发现,在微生物作用下,从淀粉颗粒的爆裂孔开始,沿着淀粉颗粒爆裂孔逐步深入,直至最后将淀粉颗粒完全降解,而原淀粉颗粒具有致密的结晶结构,淀粉颗粒表面没有明显的孔洞,因此在同样条件下,生物降解性能要远远低于非晶颗粒态淀粉.     

Allergic starch peritonitis in the guinea-pig.

An experimental starch peritonitis in guinea-pigs previously immunized with starch glove powder and Freund's complete adjuvant is described. After peritoneal challenge by 10 mg starch glove powder, 22 per cent of the animals developed florid omental granulomas resembling those found in some patients with post-operative glove powder peritonitis. It is suggested that delayed hypersensitivity to a component of the glove powder may be responsible for the clinical features of starch peritonitis in man.