乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯性质的研究

本文研究了交联一酯化复合变性淀粉——乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯的结构和物理化学特性。结果表明:由于乙酰基取代了淀粉分子的部分羟基而使淀粉与碘的结合能力下降,展现为直链淀粉含量降低,淀粉的溶解度和膨润力增加;淀粉糊的透明度和冻融稳定性有所改善,交联反应还提高了淀粉的耐热、耐酸稳定性。     

三偏磷酸钠交联玉米淀粉颗粒膨胀历程及结构特征

利用淀粉与三偏磷酸钠的交联反应,通过控制交联反应程度,成功地控制了交联淀粉颗粒膨胀程度并使其停留在不同的溶胀阶段,详细研究了处在不同溶胀阶段交联淀粉颗粒的结构特征和变化趋势,揭示了三偏磷酸钠交联玉米淀粉颗粒的膨胀历程及结构特征,即随着淀粉颗粒交联程度的降低,颗粒的膨胀历程由中心脐点处爆裂膨胀方式转化为颗粒整体向外的均匀膨胀方式.     

高交联木薯淀粉的非糊化特性

以三氯氧磷为交联剂制备非糊化的高交联木薯淀粉,并测定了反应的取代度和布拉班德粘度曲线,研究了在沸水中受热后非糊化淀粉的颗粒形貌及粒度分布等特性．提出高交联非糊化木薯淀粉存在着不同于原淀粉颗粒的在沸水中只发生轻度有限溶胀的非糊化颗粒态     

高交联玉米淀粉的非晶化特性

研究了以三氯氧磷为交联剂的高交联玉米淀粉的制备方法,报道了高交联玉米淀粉颗粒随反应取代度增加而逐渐非晶化的现象.采用偏光显微镜和广角X-射线衍射对其由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了研究,提出高交联玉米淀粉中存在不同于原淀粉多晶颗粒态的只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态。对非晶颗粒态高交联玉米淀粉颗粒的粒度分布的进一步研究结果还表明,此时的淀粉颗粒发生了轻度的膨胀。     

食用淀粉磷酸单酯的研究

用磷酸二氢钠作酯化剂在尿素存在下对甘薯淀粉进行酯化,通过正交试验确定制备具有冻融稳定性的甘著淀粉磷酸单酯的最佳反应条件,研究了该酯化淀粉的理化性质和结构特征,结果表明:甘薯淀粉的最佳酯化条件是11.3%、NaH_2PO_4·2H_2O,4%尿素,160℃,2小时。酯化淀粉的溶解度、膨润力、糊透明度和粘度都增大,糊化温度降低,冻融稳定性明显增强。酯化反应不仅在颗粒表面,而且在内部也有发生。     

食用羟丙基淀粉的研究

用化学方法对淀粉分子结构进行改造,使其部分脱水葡萄糖单位上的羟基与烷基化试剂反应生成羟丙基淀粉。经羟丙基醚化后的淀粉糊化温度明显降低,糊化速度大大加快,老化现象改善,凝胶较为透明清晰,在冷藏、冻融以及微酸性条件下,能保持凝胶的稳定性。参照F.C.C标准,羟丙基淀粉可供食用。动物毒理试验结果无异常。性能稳定。食用羟丙基淀粉可以代替或部分代替天然胶(果胶、阿拉伯胶等)。     

三种交联酯化冷水可溶淀粉性质的比较

通过不同工艺路线制备了相应的交联酯化冷水可溶淀粉，分别称为a、b、c淀粉，对它们的性质作了对比研究，结果发现，不同的工艺路线制备出的淀粉性质存在差异。a淀粉交联度最高，酯化取代度最低，在冷水中容易分散，形成的糊的粘度热稳定性好，但透明度差，容易凝沉；c淀粉交联度最低，酯化取代度最高，在冷水中不易分散，形成的糊的粘度热稳定性差，但透明度好，不易凝沉；b淀粉性质居于两者之间。     

酯化交联淀粉反应及性质的研究

由三氯氧磷变性木薯淀粉所得的酯化交联淀粉,颗粒完整,形貌和偏光十字形态保持不变,反应主要发生在淀粉颗粒的无定形区内;经红外光谱等检测,发现产物分子中存在P—O—C和P＝O基团,表明淀粉分子中的羟基置换出三氯氧磷分子中的氯原子而发生酯化和交联;极小取代度的变性淀粉,其碘复合物的可见光吸收光谱与原淀粉相似,三氯氧磷最先和支淀粉作用.     

微细化马铃薯淀粉的理化性质

采用Brabender粘度计及化学分析技术等测试手段 ,探讨了马铃薯淀粉颗粒在机械球磨微细粉碎后理化性质变化的规律 .结果表明 ,微细化改变了马铃薯淀粉的糊化性质 ,使其糊化变易 .随球磨时间的延长 ,马铃薯淀粉的糊化温度不断降低 ;当球磨 5 0h后 ,常温基本能糊化 ,同时糊粘度大大降低 ,热粘度和冷粘度稳定性提高 .微细化还导致马铃薯淀粉与水的结合能力增强 ,溶解度、膨胀度和吸湿性提高 .     

高温水分散体系交联玉米淀粉的非晶化现象研究

研究了用三偏磷酸钠为交联剂制备高交联玉米淀粉的方法,采用偏光显微镜和广角X-射线衍射对交联玉米淀粉由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了详细报道,发现了随着温度的升高交联玉米淀粉逐渐非晶化现象,提出在高温条件下交联玉米淀粉存在着只含无定型结构的非晶颗粒态,并用扫描电镜对非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉的结构进行了详细研究.     

Effects of hydroxyethyl starch on blood coagulation profile

The effects of hydroxyethyl starch on blood coagulation were investigated in 20 patients undergoing surgery to determine whether its use places recipients at risk of haemorrhage or thrombosis. The partial thromboplastin times are significantly prolonged; factor VIII activities and fibrinogen levels are decreased. After infusion of hydroxyethyl starch, no significant differences were detected in platelet count or prothrombin time. A decreased platelet aggregation was also found after the infusion of hydroxyethyl starch. According to our results, hydroxyethyl starch can cause haemorrhagic problems in patients when administered as a colloidal volume-expanding agent.     

Glove starch granulomatous disease. An unsolved surgical problem

A patient with glove starch granulomatous peritonitis that recurred at a second operation is reported on. Eight other cases of starch peritonitis and one case of granulomatous disease after inguinal herniorrhaphy are reported. Two cases of granulomatous disease in which the offending agent could not be identified are also presented. The possibility of a cellular immune response in glove starch disease is discussed. The implications of this iatrogenic disease to the patient, the physician, and the glove manufacturer are considered.     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的流变性质(Ⅰ)

通过合成不同取代度的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯,采用旋转粘度计研究了不同产品淀粉糊的流变特性.结果表明,所有淀粉样品糊均呈现假塑性流体特征.取代度越大的样品,其糊的表观粘度越高,触变性相应减弱.     

十二烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯性质的研究

十二烯基酯化淀粉是一种优良的增稠和乳化剂.作者研究了其力学性质和乳化稳定性,并进行了微胶囊包埋实验,实验证明其包埋效果比传统的壁材更好.     

低聚糖浆生产工艺研究

本文论述以甘薯淀粉为原料生产低聚糖浆的工艺过程,详细讨论了酶法水解淀粉的技术条件。通过试验性生产,找到了影响淀粉水解物质的主要因素并提供了生产DE值27～30低聚糖浆的理论数据。     

The effect of potato starch derived and corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch on in vitro blood coagulation

We have compared the effects of progressive in vitro haemodilution (30% and 60%) with potato starch derived hydroxyethyl starch and corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch on blood coagulation in 80 patients using thrombelastography. Both solutions significantly compromised blood coagulation as evidenced by an increase in coagulation time and decreases in angle α, maximum amplitude and coagulation index (p < 0.05). Blood coagulation was more compromised during haemodilution with potato starch derived hydroxyethyl starch as compared with corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch (p < 0.05). When taking the effect of haemodilution with 0.9% saline into account, haemodilution with both hydroxyethyl starch solutions also augmented clot lysis (p < 0.05), with potato starch derived hydroxyethyl starch having a greater effect than corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch (p < 0.05). We conclude that potato starch derived hydroxyethyl starch compromises in vitro blood coagulation more than corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch.     

什么患者不应使用羟乙基淀粉?

背景 羟乙基淀粉对患者肾功能、 凝血功能的不良影响和在危重患者预后方面的不良作用令人关注.目的 就羟乙基淀粉在危重患者使用的新进展进行综述.内容 基于近期的文献报道,分别探讨羟乙基淀粉对脓毒症、创伤、颅脑损伤、烧伤、心脏手术、器官移植手术、小儿、急性重症胰腺炎等危重患者的肾功能、凝血功能和病死率的影响.趋向 羟乙基淀粉对脓毒症、顿挫性创伤、CPB下心脏手术和器官移植患者的预后有不良影响.羟乙基淀粉可改善急性重症胰腺炎患者的早期预后.在颅内创伤、烧伤、小儿患者中羟乙基淀粉的安全性问题仍然值得进一步探讨.     

The use of magnetic resonance imaging in the differential diagnosis between starch and fecal peritonitis

Granulomatous peritonitis, caused by the starch from the surgeons' gloves, is a hypersensitivity reaction that can complicate abdominal surgery and mimic other causes of peritonitis. The diagnosis of this entity is difficult to make, and relies on a high index of suspicion. We suggest the use of magnetic resonance imaging to facilitate the diagnosis of this condition, based on an experimental animal model. 84 rats were subjected to laparotomy, and the abdominal cavity was exposed to either saline solution, talc solution, starch solution or fecal material by creating a cecal perforation. TI-weighted magnetic resonance images, with and without gadolinum enhancement, were taken after 3, 5 and 10 days. The animals were then sacrificed and the abdominal contents were evaluated both macroscopically and microscopically. Both talc and starch caused gross adhesions involving the entire abdominal viscera, and microscopy revealed signs of inflammation and fibrosis. Starch induced reactive granulomas. The adhesions in the cases of fecal peritonitis were confined to the area of the perforation. MR images of the starch peritonitis group was remarkable for a diffuse pathological process with enhancement of the omentum and the peritoneum after gadolinum injection. The MR readings of the fecal peritonitis group showed a localized process with no diffuse enhancement of the peritoneum. The striking differences between the magnetic resonance images of starch and fecal peritonitis in rats suggest that this modality is both sensitive and specific in diagnosing starch peritonitis in a rat model. Early non-invasive diagnosis of these separate entities would ease the establishment of the appropriate treatment. We are currently investigating the use of MRI imaging in suspected starch peritonitis in humans.     

内源脂类对抗性淀粉RSⅢ形成的影响

以普通玉米淀粉为试验材料 ,先制备出低脂淀粉和无脂淀粉 ,经高温压热处理后 ,分别测定它们的抗性淀粉含量 ,发现内源脂类对抗性淀粉RSⅢ的形成有显著影响 .多量脂类的存在不利于抗性淀粉的形成 ,少量脂类的存在提高了抗性淀粉产率 ,甚至略高于无脂淀粉的产率 .故对淀粉适当脱脂有利于抗性淀粉的形成 .     

Starch peritonitis. A case report and clinicopathologic review

A case of starch peritonitis is presented with a review of the history of this continuing problem. The syndrome's presentation, diagnosis, histopathology and treatment are discussed. The rarity of starch peritonitis today may be due to more attention to glove washing by surgeons, fewer impurities in the glove powder or lack of recognition of the syndrome. In order to prevent a resurgence of the starch peritonitis syndrome we must continue to emphasize the importance of washing gloves, maintain the quality control and purity of the powder used, and be cognizant of the signs and symptoms so that such cases may be managed nonoperatively.