Exercise and allergic diseases

The aim of this study was to compare exercise-induced bronchial reaction between healthy control subjects and subjects with allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AA). It included 16 controls, 16 subjects with AR and 19 subjects with AA. A skin prick test, pulmonary function test, histamine challenge test and exercise challenge test (ECT) were performed in all subjects. Bronchial reaction to exercise was expressed as the fall index FEV1 (%), AUC(0-30) (min x %), and fall index FEF(25-75) (%). After ECT, subjects with AA had a significantly greater bronchial reaction to exercise than subjects with AR and controls (respective fall index FEV1 8.4, 2.9, and 2.4%, P=0.0083; AUC(0-30) 127.7, 29.6, and 33.1 min x %, P=0.025; and fall index FEF(25-75) 14.6, 0.06, and 1.9%, P<0.001). No difference was found between subjects with AR and controls. In conclusion, ECT induced a significantly greater bronchial reaction in patients with AA and bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine than in patients with AR and bronchial normoreactivity to histamine and controls. This difference was not found between subjects with AR and controls.     

Current views on allergic diseases

Allergic diseases are an increasing health problem in the industrialised and developed countries especially in children and young adult persons. They are considered diseases of modern civilisation. The reported cumulative prevalence of allergic diseases in childhood of 25-30% includes allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma and dermatitis. The reasons for this increasing prevalence are unknown. The main risk factors are genetic predisposition, allergen exposure, environmental pollutants, decreased stimulation of immune system during the critical period of development and lifestyle. Allergic diseases must be treated as common health disorder. They can express themselves in any age groups and in many different organs. IgE antibody is the main connection between involved organs. Specific IgE is still being identified using the 100 years old skin testing method and quantitative immunoenzymatic method in serum. In spite of the permanent improvement of both methods, neither skin reactivity to allergens nor measurable specific IgE necessarily mean a clinically manifested disease. The interpretation of these findings is still in the clinician's domain. Allergic diseases rarely have a fatal outcome, but have a long duration. They need a complex treatment and are a substantial individual and public socio-economic burden. Studies of factors influencing the ontogeny and maturation of the immune system in the early human development as well as studies of interaction between environment and genetic predisposition will provide a new insight in the aetiology of allergic diseases. This rewiev presents curent views on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy and prevention of allergic diseases.     

Etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases of adolescence

The pathogenesis of SLE is multifactorial. Immune complexes, autoantibodies, and abnormal T-lymphocyte responses all play a part. Genetic predispositions are present, but not as strongly expressed as in the spondylarthropathies. Environmental agents and the effects of sex hormones also contribute.     

Food hypersensitivity and allergic diseases

Allergic disease is a common cause of morbidity, particularly in young children. The prevalence of allergic disease has increased in the last 20 y in most countries. The sequential order of occurrence of allergy is food hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal manifestations, atopic eczema, asthma and hay fever. A variety of factors increase the risk of allergic disease, for example hereditary predisposition, exposure to 'allergenic' foods and environmental triggers such as house dust mites and tobacco in early life. Prolonged breast feeding, the use of a partial whey hydrolysed formula, delayed introduction of certain 'allergenic foods', and avoidance of inhalant allergens reduces the incidence of eczema and asthma, especially in high-risk infants. These preventive measures are extremely cost-effective and should be adopted widely at the community level.     

大同市某中学学生过敏性疾病患病及认知的调查研究

目的 调查山西省大同市中学生过敏性疾病患病情况及过敏知识知晓情况。方法 采用整群抽样调查方法,采用不记名调查问卷,调查大同市某中学学生中几种常见过敏性疾病的患病和防治情况,对过敏知识的知晓情况。结果 共调查451位山西省中学生,按照自述患病情况诊断分组,339例病例组,112例对照组。病例组的过敏原因有30.09%为食物过敏,占比例最高,其次是吸入物占17.40%;过敏症状以皮疹比例最高28.61%;过敏症状知晓率,过敏原知晓率,对过敏现象了解程度和对过敏疾病认知率,病例组均高于对照组(P值均<0.05)。结论 该校中学生对过敏知识认知率低,应在中学生中普及过敏知识。     

Disacarification in the prevention of allergic diseases

Elimination of domestic dust mites (Acariformes: Pyroglyphidae) from the premises is a significant factor of improving the quality of life in individuals with mite-borne sensitization. Some ways of reducing the number of domestic dust mites in the premises are considered.     

Corticosteroid therapy in allergic and pulmonary diseases

It has long been recognized that these drugs may be decisive in allowing patients to function. Now, with recently developed strategies, reasonably safe treatment is practical. Guidelines for clinical application of these strategies are offered.     

Prevalences of allergic diseases among synthetic chemical workers

We studied the prevalence of allergic diseases among synthetic chemical workers, using a cross-sectional questionnaire, to clarify the epidemiological evidence of occupational allergy due to chemicals which workers were handling and manufacturing. A file, registered in 1981, of 6,819 person, was used to calculate the prevalence during the preceding 12 months of "allergy," "asthma," and "skin disease," and to analyze the relationship between the prevalence and the exposure risks such as the work or the chemicals being manufactured. The main results were: 1) In workers who were exposed to the various chemicals, the prevalence of "allergy," "asthma," and "skin disease" were 3.2, 1.9, and 9.0%, respectively. 2) Among the workers who were engaged in the manufacturing of synthetic resins, paints, films, titania or pharmaceuticals, the prevalence of "allergy" was significantly higher than among others. The rates of "asthma" were significantly higher than others among workers in cosmetics, synthetic resins, or fertilizers. The rates of "skin disease" were significantly higher among those working with cosmetics, synthetic resins, paints, dyes, or organic solvents. The results indicate that allergy research should be concentrated on workers engaged in manufacturing the above chemicals.     

Evaluation of occupational allergic diseases of the respiratory tract

The paper presents the basic etiological and pathogenetic aspects of occupational allergic diseases of the respiratory tract, discusses the clinical course, diagnosis, and priorities of the prevention of allergic diseases of the upper airways and bronchopulmonary apparatus from the action of industrial allergens.     

常见变应性疾病吸入性变应原检测结果分析

目的研究沧州地区吸入性变应原在变应性疾病分布等方面的特点,为治疗和预防提供依据。方法 对2009-2010年诊断为慢性荨麻疹、变应性鼻炎、哮喘、变应性结膜炎患者共302例和对照组43例进行了18种吸入性变应原的皮肤点刺试验,对检测结果进行分析。结果 302例变应性疾病患者中192例变应原呈阳性反应,阳性率63.6%,变应原皮肤点刺试验阳性率前4位的变应原依次是尘螨、尘土、蒿属花粉、黑曲霉;慢性荨麻疹患者的变应原阳性率为42.9%低于变应性鼻炎、哮喘、变应性结膜炎患者的阳性率71.7%、79.6%、70.3%;儿童组变应原阳性率70.6%高于成人组60.0%。结论 尘螨、尘土、蒿属花粉是沧州地区主要变应原;对于慢性荨麻疹患者应注意变应原以外的其他原因;随年龄的增长变应原阳性率降低。