生物刺激反馈治疗女性压力性尿失禁:可提高轻、中度压力性尿失禁时盆底肌肉收缩表面肌电值

背景:女性盆底肌生物反馈治疗仪已广泛应用于压力性尿失禁的治疗,其原理是利用从患者身上测量的肌电信号,并结合生物反馈技术和电疗技术来治疗女性尿失禁。目的:探讨盆底生物刺激反馈治疗对女性压力性尿失禁的治疗效果。方法:采用盆底生物刺激反馈治疗仪治疗30例轻、中度压力性尿失禁女性患者,治疗时间4-8周,设置刺激参数60 Hz、20-60 mA,反馈12 s指导患者收缩盆底肌肉,分析治疗前后患者盆底肌肉2 s快速收缩表面肌电最大值、盆底肌肉持续10 s收缩表面肌电平均值、盆底肌肉60 s耐受收缩表面肌电平均值变化,并观察每天漏尿次数。结果与结论:患者治疗后盆底肌肉2 s快速收缩表面肌电最大值、盆底肌肉持续10 s收缩表面肌电平均值、盆底肌肉60 s耐受收缩表面肌电平均值等较治疗前有明显增高(P0.05)、平均每日漏尿次数较治疗前明显减少(P0.05)。结果证实,盆底生物刺激反馈治疗可明显增加女性轻、中度压力性尿失禁患者盆底肌肉收缩表面肌电值,疗效较好。     

痉挛肌电刺激治疗仪联合康复训练对脑卒中后恢复期痉挛性瘫痪患者运动功能的影响

目的:探讨痉挛肌电刺激治疗仪联合康复训练对脑卒中后恢复期痉挛性瘫痪患者运动功能的影响.方法:随机将2020年4月至2021年3月在我院治疗的60例脑卒中后恢复期痉挛性瘫痪患者分为对照组和观察组(各30例).对照组予以康复训练,观察组予以痉挛肌电刺激治疗仪联合康复训练.比较两组治疗前后血清因子指标、血流速度指标、神经功能与运动功能变化.结果:治疗后,观察组血清因子指标水平和血流速度指标均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组神经功能与运动功能评分优于对照组(P<0.05).结论:痉挛肌电刺激治疗仪联合康复训练治疗脑卒中后恢复期痉挛性瘫痪患者可显著提高血清因子水平,改善脑供血水平,促进神经功能和运动功能恢复.     

脑—肌电综合生物反馈系统研制及实验研究

本文介绍了作者研制的脑—肌电综合生物反馈系统。讨论了该系统的多功能性以及通用性。它的脑—肌电综合反馈能力还提供了治疗儿童多动症的新手段。报告了我们所进行的正常人脑电α频段生物反馈训练实验,证明了脑—肌电综合生物反馈系统的可行性。     

基于肌电特征提取的智能电刺激仪

为了改善常规电刺激仪的刺激参数不准确、缺少主动治疗模式等缺陷,设计开发了生物反馈式智能电刺激仪。将肌电反馈控制与电刺激相结合,对患者运动肌群的电信号进行无创测量和特征值提取,以肌电特征值作为反馈量控制电刺激仪的输出。创新地实现了基于Delta-sigma技术的肌电信号特征提取及肌电反馈控制,可准确获取肌电特征值,实现了电刺激治疗的智能化,促使患者主动参与训练和治疗;采用刺激电流双向检测技术和可编程式触摸屏人机交互,使刺激参数准确量化。经实验可知:仪器已达到设计要求,实现了既定的功能。     

子宫内膜异位症激光治疗仪及其临床应用研究

本文介绍了我们研制的子宫内膜异位症激光治疗仪及其临床上应用于治疗子宫内膜异位症的的研究结果。我们依据中医理论及激光生物效应，研制了临床适用的具有多路激光输出的子宫内膜异位症激光治疗仪；在临床用该仪器对４２例子宫骶骨韧带增生成后穹窿结节等异位症后者辩证施治，取得了良好的疗效，总有效率达到１００％，为子宫内膜异位症的治疗探索了一条新途径。     

应用斜坡阈反馈学习精确地控制肌肉

一、引言从一般和特殊的肌松弛到肌肉功能不良的恢复,目前正在日益广泛地应用肌电生物反馈来做物理治疗。生物反馈普遍都具备反馈环路,其中一种反馈环路,叫做摸拟音调(听觉的)反馈。方法是将肌电信号处理,转换为随肌电信号变化的直流电压,再去驱动一个音频振荡器,用声音完成病人的反馈。声音的频率(或常用的“咔嗒”声的节律)与肌电的平均值成正比。在许多批量生产的生物反馈仪中,已采用的另一种反馈方式,能使用分辨阈方法实现定型学习(shaped learning)。用这种反馈治疗时,由治疗医生选取一个肌电值作为训练目标,肌电值超过它时,仪器就发出     

肌电生物反馈仪放松反馈信号提取的方案设计及实现

目的在不干扰目标设备的条件下提出一种基于视频图像处理的技术方案,从而实现肌电生物反馈仪实时视觉反馈状态信息的数据提取。方法在不对原装备作任何改动的情况下通过视频图像实时采集,对每一帧图像中肌电生物反馈仪放松信号灯的点亮位置进行目标自动识别及动态跟踪,完成放松状态反馈信息数据的采集。结果该方案用于识别并跟踪肌电生物反馈仪中视觉反馈灯点亮位置的准确率达到100％,可全程记录整个实验过程中的肌电生物反馈仪放松反馈状态信息。结论利用图像动态跟踪识别技术提取目标设备状态信息是一种对目标设备无干扰的一种新方法,具有较好的应用前景。     

表面肌电生物反馈与功能贴布治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍

文题释义：表面肌电生物反馈疗法：通过表面肌电电极将获取的肌电信息进行处理,转化成声、光等患者能够认知的信号反馈给患者,从而训练患者,使其能够有意识地控制自己的生理活动,以达到调整机体功能、防病治病的目的的一种疗法。 功能贴布：最早由日本的加濑建造(Kenso Kase)博士创用,是一种贴于体表以达到增进或保护肌肉系统、促进运动功能的特殊胶布。常用于各类运动损伤的处理,并广泛延伸到神经康复等领域。背景：有研究证明运动功能贴布对吞咽障碍的治疗作用持久并且效果明显,表面肌电生物反馈疗法也被证实可改善吞咽功能障碍。 目的：分析探讨功能贴布联合表面肌电生物反馈对脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者的临床疗效。 方法：选取脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍的患者100例,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、功能贴布组、表面肌电生物反馈组、联合治疗组,每组25例。各组于治疗前、治疗1,2个月后,通过反复唾液吞咽试验(RSST)、吞咽造影检查(VFSS)及临床疗效对比分析治疗效果。研究方案的实施符合锦州医科大学附属第一医院的相关伦理要求,批件号：201918,所有患者及其家属对研究均知情同意。结果与结论：①各组治疗后与治疗前对比,反复唾液吞咽试验、吞咽造影检查及临床疗效均明显改善(P < 0.05),同一治疗时间对比,功能贴布组、表面肌电生物反馈组、联合治疗组反复唾液吞咽试验吞咽次数多于对照组(P < 0.05),会厌移动时间比对照组明显缩短(P < 0.05),临床总有效率显著高于对照组(P < 0.05);其中联合治疗组反复唾液吞咽试验、吞咽造影检查及临床疗效改善更明显(P < 0.05);②结果说明,功能贴布及表面肌电生物反馈疗法均对脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍具有一定疗效,且两者联合治疗临床效果更佳。 ORCID: 0000-0001-8587-3633(王维) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

肛直肠肌功能生物反馈治疗系统的研制

介绍一种用于功能性便秘治疗的肛直肠肌功能生物反馈系统的研制.该系统具有高性能的肌电放大器,良好的电气隔离保护,并采用了即插即用、方便快捷的USB接口同PC机相连接,实现数据的采集、存储和显示,该系统将肛门括约肌的活动信息反馈给便秘患者,指导其进行自我调节,从而起到治疗效果.实验结果证实,该治疗系统对于"肛门痉挛"引起的出口梗阻性便秘具有较好的疗效.     

基于数字音频技术设计的便携式音乐电疗仪

背景：将音乐疗法与传统医学的电刺激疗法相结合产生的音乐电疗法,将成为一种新型康复技术而广受关注。 目的：介绍一种基于数字音频技术的便携式音乐治疗仪。 方法：治疗仪采用C8051F340及MP3模块开发而成,能够提供音乐刺激电流和音频信号输出,在治疗之前与治疗的过程中利用音乐营造一种舒适的“治疗环境”。 结果与结论：便携式音乐治疗仪人机交互能力强,使治疗成为一种享受,而提高了电刺激的治疗效果。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.