海洛因白质脑病

重点综述了海洛因白质脑病的成因 ,临床表现及病理与影像学特征 ,并突出其诊断标准     

海洛因海绵状白质脑病

海洛因海绵状白质脑病是近年才引起医学界关注的少见疾病，其临床与病理改变颇具特点，但国外报告的文献很少，国内仅见数例报告。本文主要查阅近几年的文献，对该病的病因、病理机制、临床表现、影像学特点、诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗及预后各方面进行了总结。     

海洛因海绵状白质脑病4例分析

病　例　介　绍例 1,男 ,37岁 ,无业 ,因戒毒后言语不清 ,行走不能一月余入院。患者有吸海洛因史 3年 ,烫吸法 ,每日 1～ 2 g。在家自行戒毒后 4日出现言语不清 ,饮水呛咳 ,双上肢运动笨拙 ,双下肢不能行走。反应迟钝 ,大小便失禁。查体 :神志清 ,言语缓慢 ,构音障碍。颅神经检查未见异常。四肢肌张力增高 ,肌力 级 ,腱反射 ( )～ ( )。双侧 Hoffman征 (+)。双侧指鼻试验、跟膝胫试验均 (+)。 Romberg征 (+)。记忆力、计算力下降。头颅 MRI示双侧顶叶、丘脑外侧核、桥脑、小脑半球、齿状核可见对称性长 T1 、长 T2 影 ,边缘清晰。CSF各…     

海洛因海绵状白质脑病四例报告

海洛因海绵状白质脑病(heroin spongiform leucoencephalopathy，HSLE)是近年引起医学界重视的新病种，国内外文献报道不多。为提高对此病的诊断和治疗水平，该文报道作者医院近年收治的4例HSLE临床、影像学特点及治疗情况。     

海洛因海绵状白质脑病2例报告

海洛因中毒所致的海绵状白质脑病近年来陆续有报道。现将我们遇到的2例报告如下。     

国人海洛因白质脑病的临床特点分析

目的:分析和探讨国人海洛因白质脑病(HLE)的发病机制、临床特点、诊断规律及防治经验。方法:对国内11例及我院2例HLE的临床症候进行分析,对图像学特点进行总结。结果:患者11例男性,2例女性,发病年龄在24～55(平均32.7±8.3)岁。吸毒史除1例为4个月,其余均在3年以上,最长为11年。吸毒方式有12例是采取了烫吸(“追龙法”)的方法仅1例为静脉注射。均为急性起病,其中10例均以反应迟钝、言语含糊、行走不稳、乏力等为首发症状;2例以意识障碍起病;1例以胡言乱语,发音不清、幻觉及行为异常起病。查体9例发音含糊,仅1例轻微眼震,肌张力3例增高9例减低、1例正常,肌力记载的11例均轻度减低,Romberg征8例阳性,4例无法配合。Babinski征10例阳性,3例阴性。头颅CT(6例)及MRI(11例)可见双侧小脑、内囊后肢、枕顶叶深部白质、胼胝体、脑干等白质区域异常信号,在CT示低信号,在MRI上为长T1、长T2信号影,1例在弥散加权成像(DWI)上为高信号影。13例中治疗后7例有不同程度的好转,4例无记录,1例无变化,1例死亡。结论:烫吸海洛因的方式及戒断毒品是与HLE发病的主要原因之一,临床表现主要以脑功能障碍,特别是以共济运动障碍、言语含糊、反应尽钝为主,严重者可有意识障碍。HLE可以根据有烫吸海洛因史,并结合临床及影像学特点进行?     

海洛因海绵状白质脑病的病理学改变

目的 研究海洛因海绵状白质脑病(HSLE)的病理学改变.方法 应用常规染色和免疫组化染色(MBP、GFAP、NF、CD45、CD54、CD20)方法对3例HSLE死亡患者的脑组织进行病理检查.结果 HSLE的病理改变以脑白质海绵状变性为主,灰质很少受累.脑组织受累程度依次为小脑半球白质、内囊后肢、胼胝体压部、脑干、顶枕叶深部白质以及额颢叶深部白质,皮质以及皮质下弓状纤维不受累或仅轻微受累.HSLE白质损害以粗大的有髓神经纤维为主,髓鞘的损害重于轴突损害;脑组织无炎症细胞浸润,血管内亦无炎症介质沉积.结论 脑白质广泛海绵状白质变性是HSLE显著的病理学特点,不同部位脑白质损害程度与临床和影像学表现一致,轴突损害可能继发于髓鞘损害,HSLE脑组织中无血管炎性改变.     

海洛因海绵状白质脑病

<正> 海洛因是德国Bayer公司1898年生产出售的,化学成分为二乙酰吗啡,因其滥用超过临床使用范围,临床已不再使用。海洛因滥用与一些神经系统并发症有关,其急慢性中毒易导致严重的神经系统损害,发生诸如海绵状白质脑病、脑卒中、急性炎症脱髓鞘多发性神经病、癫痫、多发性神经病、横贯性脊髓病、急性横纹肌溶解症等疾病,其引起的白质脑病国内亦有报导。因脑组织活检或尸检发现脑白质呈现海绵状变性但无环死,故又称为海洛因海绵状白质脑病(Spongiform Leukoencephalopathy after Inhaling Heroun,SLIH)。     

海洛因海绵状白质脑病的影像学特征

目的　探讨海洛因海绵状白质脑病 (HSL E)的 CT、MRI和 PET特点。方法　对 2 9例患者的CT、MRI以及 4例患者的 PET资料进行分析。结果　 (1) CT和 MRI显示病变位于双侧小脑、内囊后肢、枕顶叶深部等部位白质 ,病灶广泛且对称 ;(2 ) CT示界限清楚的低密度病灶 ,MRI呈长 T1 WI、长 T2 WI异常信号 ,无水肿 ,快速反转恢复序列 (FL AIR)和增强扫描提示血脑屏障无破坏 ,PET显示为低代谢或无代谢病灶 ;(3)未治疗患者内囊后肢、枕叶和小脑白质无代谢 ,康复期患者代谢明显减低 ;(4 )临床症状改善者和未治疗者小脑皮质代谢降低 ,临床症状明显改善者代谢正常。结论　 HSL E患者的 CT和 MRI改变多局限于白质 ,极为相似。 PET显示病变部位低代谢或无代谢 ,小脑皮质和白质代谢的恢复对 HSL E患者的临床转归非常重要 ,故判断 HSL E患者的转归 ,PET较之 MRI更有价值     

海洛因致中毒性白质脑病2例报道

1　病　例例 1,患者 ,男性 ,40岁 ,因手抖半年 ,走路不稳、吐词不清半月入院 ,患者半年前在执筷、玩牌时出现轻微手抖 ,偶尔出现饮水呛咳 ,以后手抖逐渐加重 ,书写困难 ,入院前半月出现走路不稳 ,易向右侧倾倒 ,需人扶行 ,同时出现吐词不清 ,无发热、头痛、肢体麻木和无力。既往无高血压病及糖尿病病史 ,有吸食海洛因史 3年 ,入院前半月开始戒毒。查体 :体温 36 .5℃ ,心率 70次 /分 ,呼吸 2 0次 /分 ,血压 10 5 / 75ｍｍＨｇ,神志清楚 ,精神稍差 ,吟诗样语言 ,双侧瞳孔等大等圆 ,直径 2 .5ｍｍ ,光反射灵敏 ,双眼球有不恒定的轻微水平眼震 …     

Delayed spongiform leukoencephalopathy after heroin abuse

Here we report the clinical and pathological findings in a 30-year-old drug addict in whom an intravenous injection of heroin led to reversible coma with respiratory depression and heart failure. On regaining consciousness, the patient was found to have rhabdomyolysis with renal failure requiring dialysis and peripheral neuropathy. Three weeks later his neurological condition suddenly deteriorated and delayed encephalopathy developed, leading to death 20 days later. The neuropathological study of the brain disclosed pale, spongy myelin with diffuse reactive astrogliosis and microglial proliferation, without hypoxic necrotic lesions. The cerebral and cerebellar cortices were unchanged. The absence of typical hypoxic lesions and the presence of spongiosis with massive astrocytosis distinguished this case from the previously reported cases of delayed leukoencephalopathy following severe hypoxia. An immunocytochemical study designed to exclude an underlying alteration of the metabolic oxidative pathway detected normal expression of the respiratory chain complexes IV, III and V. Despite the absence of an oxidative chain alteration in our patient, we cannot exclude the possibility that an individual predisposition played a pathogenetic role in this delayed leukoencephalopathy. Received: 27 September 1996 / Revised, accepted: 23 December 1996     

Reversible delayed leukoencephalopathy following intravenous heroin overdose.

We present serial neuropsychological, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and EEG changes in a case of widespread CNS myelinopathy due to intravenous heroin overdose complicated by a period of prolonged unconsciousness. Following recovery from the acute overdose, the subject had the delayed onset of akinetic mutism with urinary incontinence. Sequential formal neuro-psychological assessments over 9 months showed evolution from severe global cerebral dysfunction to moderate disturbance of frontal lobe function. Almost complete resolution of diffuse white matter signal changes, accompanied by the development of a degree of volume loss, was evident on serial MR imaging over the same period, and generalized arrhythmic delta-range slowing on the EEG evolved int o a near normal pattern.     

Acute leukoencephalopathy after inhalation of a single dose of heroin

We describe extended and repeat magnetic resonance (MR) examinations in the case of a 16-year-old male who developed acute left-sided sensorimotor hemiplegia after a single dose of inhaled heroin. MRI revealed symmetrical hyperintense signals in T 2 -weighted images and massive diffusion disorders in the diffusion weighted images predominantly in parieto-occipital subcortical white matter and both ventral globi pallidi with preservation of U fibers and no brain oedema. MR spectroscopy data were compatible with combined hypoxic and mitochondrial damage resulting in axonal injury without demyelination. Normal values and variations had been obtained from spectra of five age-matched subjects. This is the first reported MR follow-up study of leukoencephalopathy occurring acutely after a first inhaled dose of heroin. We postulate that toxic spongiform leukoencephalopathy in heroin addicts may be the outcome of a complex mechanism directly triggered by heroin and causing mitochondrial as well as hypoxic injury in specific and limited areas of white matter.     

海洛因海绵状白质脑病的临床和病理特点

目的 总结海洛因海绵状白质脑病（HSLE）的PEI、MRI和病理特征。方法 28例患者的临床、CT和RMI分析,2例脑局部解剖和8例脑活检组织用苏木素－伊红染色,神经元纤维染色,苏木纱髓鞘染色、刚果红染色并进行电镜观察。结果 HSLP的临床、影像和病理特点;（1）28例有烫吸海洛因病史;（2）28例有戒毒史,戒毒后症状加重;（3）23例急性起病,首发症状多为小脑受损;（4）4例PET顶枕及小脑皮质变薄,大脑白质扩大,1例未治疗患者内囊后肢、枕叶示小脑白质无代谢,3例已治疗患者代谢明显低减;（5）CT和MRI示大脑（25例）、小脑白质广泛对称性受累（28例）。结论 HSLE患者CT和MRI示大脑、小脑白质广泛对称性受累,主要病理改变为脑白质海绵状空泡变柱。PET在判断病情进展程度及治疗效果方面较MRI有明显优势。