共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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近10年来,人们对RNA领域有了更多更新的研究发现,RNA早已不再局限于编译蛋白质,它还影响着生物体的基因表达、细胞周期及个体发育过程。小干扰RNA(smallinterfering RNA,siRNA)和非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)对生物体的生命活动有着重要的调控作用。siRNA引起RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi),ncRNA在包括转录调节、染色体复制、RNA剪切及加工、维护mRNA稳定和 相似文献
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非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)可以分为环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)和线性ncRNA.ncRNA存在于不同的细胞类型中,包括正常细胞、肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞等.目前已经发现线性ncRNA,如长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)和微RNA(m... 相似文献
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干燥综合征(SS)是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病,以外分泌腺淋巴细胞浸润为主要特点,以口干、眼干为主要临床表现。SS发病机制尚未明确,病因包括遗传、病毒感染以及环境因素等,造成机体免疫功能失衡,产生多种自身抗体及细胞因子造成组织损伤。近年来非编码RNA(ncRNA)在疾病调控中所发挥的作用受到重视,研究显示SS患者存在ncRNA表达异常,在SS免疫炎症反应过程中发挥着重要作用。本文综述ncRNA在干燥综合征中的相关研究进展。 相似文献
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MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长约2l~28nt的非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)^[1]。该类RNA普遍存在于生物界,具有高度的保守性。在个体发育过程中,参与基因表达调控,具有“管家”作用。Lin-4与Let-7是目前研究较为清楚的两种MicroRNA。新的MicroRNA的不断发现及其生理功能的精确定位,将会建立一种新的调节性RNAs种类。 相似文献
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随着基因组学研究的发展,发现生物体基因组内存在大量不编码蛋白质的基因。这些基因的转录产物称为非编码RNA(Noncoding RNA,ncRNA)。以前认为ncRNA是基因组中无用的序列,但是研究表明ncRNA在很多生命活动中起到很重要的作用。按照转录产物的序列长短ncRNA分为短链非编码RNA(Small ncRNA)和长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)。精子发生包括精原细胞增殖,精母细胞减数分裂以及精子成熟等一系列受到精确调控的生理发育过程。精子发生需要相关基因的适时表达,并受到转录和转录后水平的调控。但是精子发生过程的调控机制目前还未完全研究清楚。最新研究发现在精子发生过程ncRNA起到很重要的作用,即使在成熟精子细胞中也有ncRNA的表达。表明ncRNA参与调控精子发生的过程,并且这些父源ncRNA可能在接下来的受精和胚胎发育中起到重要的调节作用。结合最新研究进展,本文综述了ncRNA在精子发生过程所起的作用,以期为精子发生过程中ncRNA的进一步研究提供参考。 相似文献
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The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a 4 Mbp genomic region located on the short arm of chromosome 6. The MHC region contains many key immune-related genes such as Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs). There has been a growing realization that, apart from MHC encoded proteins, RNAs derived from noncoding regions of the MHC—specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)—play a significant role in cellular regulation. Furthermore, regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) derived from other parts of the genome fine-tune the expression of many immune-related MHC proteins. Although the field of ncRNAs of the MHC is a research area that is still in its infancy, ncRNA regulation of MHC genes has already been shown to be vital for immune function, healthy pregnancy and cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of this intricate network of ncRNAs can lead to serious perturbations in homeostasis and subsequent disease. 相似文献
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Pluripotent stem cells have great potential for developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Embryonic stem cells, which are obtained from blastocysts, and induced pluripotent stem cells, which are generated by the reprogramming of somatic cells, are two main types of pluripotent cells. It is important to understand the regulatory network that controls the pluripotency state and reprogramming process. Various types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as substantial components of regulatory networks. The most studied class of ncRNAs in the context of pluripotency and reprogramming is microRNAs (miRNAs). In addition to canonical microRNAs, other types of small RNAs with miRNA-like function are expressed in PSCs. Another class of ncRNAs, long ncRNAs, are also involved in pluripotency and reprogramming regulation. Thousands of ncRNAs have been annotated to date, and a significant number of the molecules do not have known function. In this review, we briefly summarized recent advances in this field and described existing genome-editing approaches to study ncRNA functions. 相似文献
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A large portion of the eukaryotic genome is transcribed as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). While once thought of primarily as "junk," recent studies indicate that a large number of these RNAs play central roles in regulating gene expression at multiple levels. The increasing diversity of ncRNAs identified in the eukaryotic genome suggests a critical nexus between the regulatory potential of ncRNAs and the complexity of genome organization. We provide an overview of recent advances in the identification and function of eukaryotic ncRNAs and the roles played by these RNAs in chromatin organization, gene expression, and disease etiology. 相似文献
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Lessons from X-chromosome inactivation: long ncRNA as guides and tethers to the epigenome 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Jeannie T. Lee 《Genes & development》2009,23(16):1831-1842
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The traditional view of RNA being merely an intermediate in the transfer of genetic information, as mRNA, spliceosomal RNA,
tRNA, and rRNA, has become outdated. The recent discovery of numerous regulatory RNAs with a plethora of functions in biological
processes has truly revolutionized our understanding of gene regulation. Tiny RNAs such as microRNAs and small interfering
RNAs play vital roles at different levels of gene control. Small nucleolar RNAs are much more abundant than previously recognized,
and new functions beyond processing and modification of rRNA have recently emerged. Longer non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can also
have important regulatory roles in the cell, e.g., antisense RNAs that control their target mRNAs. The majority of these important
findings arose from analyses in various model organisms. In this review, we focus on ncRNAs in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. This important genetically tractable model organism has recently received renewed attention in terms of discovery, regulation
and functional studies of ncRNAs. Old and recent findings are discussed and put in context of what we today know about ncRNAs
in other organisms. 相似文献
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Distinct Patterns of Genetic Variations in Potential Functional Elements in Long Noncoding RNAs
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Non‐protein‐coding RNAs have increasingly been shown to be an important class of regulatory RNAs having significant roles in regulation of gene expression. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) gene family presently constitutes a large number of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) loci almost equaling the number of protein‐coding genes. Nevertheless, the biological roles and mechanisms of the majority of lncRNAs are poorly understood, with exceptions of a very few well‐studied candidates. The availability of genome‐scale variation datasets, and increasing number of variant loci from genome‐wide association studies falling in lncRNA loci have motivated us to understand the patterns of genomic variations in lncRNA loci, their potential functional correlates, and selection in populations. In the present study, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of genomic variations in lncRNA loci. We analyzed for patterns and distributions of genomic variations with respect to potential functional domains in lncRNAs. The analysis reveals a distinct distribution of variations in subclasses of long ncRNAs and in potential functional domains of lncRNAs. We further examined signals of selections and allele frequencies of these prioritized set of lncRNAs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first and comprehensive large‐scale analysis of genetic variations in long ncRNAs. 相似文献