严重急性呼吸综合征胸部并发症的影像学分析

目的 分析严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)胸部并发症在X线平片和CT上的表现，提高对SARS影像学表现的认识。资料与方法回顾分析182例SARS患者950次X线胸部平片和74次胸部CT检查结果，重点观察肺内空洞性病变、肺间质纤维化、气胸、纵隔气肿、皮下气肿和胸膜病变。结果 根据X线平片和CT所见，在182例患者中，6例(3．3％)出现空洞病变，临床诊断为霉菌感染；l0例(5．5％)出现胸水，8例(4．4％)出现纵隔气肿和皮下气肿，3例(1．6％)出现气胸。另外，在接受胸部CT检查的54例患者中，有17例(31．5％)出现不同程度的肺间质纤维化改变，6例(11．1％)出现胸膜增厚、粘连。结论 全面了解SARS患者胸部并发症的影像学征象有助于SARS的鉴别诊断和指导治疗。     

儿童手足口病的胸部影像表现

目的 探讨儿童手足口病的胸部影像表现.方法 调查1295例手足口病患儿胸部X线片,分析其影像表现及演变过程.结果 1295例手足口病患儿共行1427例次胸部X线检查,其中1203例次X线无异常发现,224例次表现异常.异常征象主要表现为以肺纹理增粗模糊、肺门影增大为特征的间质型改变(137例次)和以斑片状渗出阴影为特征的实质型改变(49例次).62例患儿行短期动态观察,38例次病变进展表现为正常和单纯间质型向肺实质型及混合型过渡,局限性向弥漫性病变过渡.结论 多数手足口病患儿胸部X线表现无异常,异常胸部X线表现以肺间质和实质水肿为主要特点,及时的胸部X线检查和短期动态观察对早期发现重症患者、评价病情较为重要.     

严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）死亡病例的X线及CT影像表现

目的:探讨SARS死亡病例胸部X线及CT影像学表现,及其在诊断中的作用.材料和方法:回顾性分析我院11例符合SARS诊断标准的死亡病例的胸部X线平片和CT图像的表现及其特征.结果:11例SARS死亡患者肺部阴影均较明显,为双侧多叶病变, 病变面积占全肺组织的80%～90% 6例,90%以上5例.病灶呈斑片及片絮状高密度影8例,病变融合成大片实变阴影8例,其中磨玻璃样改变1例,肺内可见支气管充气像.结论:X线及CT可清楚反映SARS病变的密度、形态和范围;并可了解其进展及转归,为临床诊断及治疗提供重要依据.     

SARS的胸部X线表现

目的 报道严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)的胸部X线表现。方法 分析105例SARS的胸部X线表现及特征。所有病人均为2003年1月30日至3月31日期间诊治的病人，并符合中华人民共和国卫生部制定的《传染性非典型肺炎临床诊断标准(试行)》，在住院治疗期间有完整的胸部X线片资料。根据病变早期表现及进展情况，将其分为4型。(1)局限型：由肺内单一局部病灶到病变发展或广泛分布。(2)多发型：早期即见肺内多发片状或(和)结节状病灶。(3)间质-实质型：以肺部间质性炎症为早期主要表现，其后出现明显的肺实质渗出性病变。(4)间质型：以肺间质异常为主要表现。结果 SARS患者的胸部X线表现形式多样，75例表现为肺内渗出性实变病灶，其中局限型57例，多发型18例。25例呈间质性炎症征象，随后出现明显肺内实变。5例主要表现为肺间质性炎症。首次见肺内病变至病变完全吸收的时间为7～46d，平均为19d。结论 SARS的X线表现以肺实质渗出性病变和间质性炎症为主，病变早期发展迅速，肺内实变于首诊后7～10d达高峰，其后大部分病人可完全吸收。绝大多数病人预后良好，目前尚未见有后遗症。     

SARS的胸部X线表现特征

目的 探讨严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)，又称急性传染性非典型肺炎的胸部S线表现特征。方法 52例SARS患者，每隔l～3d摄胸部正侧位片，而且在7次以上；回顾性分析经临床、流行病学、放射学、实验室检查确诊的52例SARS患者的胸部X线表现。结果SARS患者的胸部X线表现为：3l例见两肺大片状、小片状密度增高阴影；18例见l侧肺叶或肺段有片状影；l例表现为肺段内结节影；2例见两肺纹理增粗，呈网格状及不规则线状影；16例见磨玻璃样影。动态观察并综合分析SARS的X线表现，可有如下特征：三片一间(病人出现大片状、小片状、斑片状阴影，有些病人出现间质性改变)；三多一个不相符(病灶在两肺中下野多；磨玻璃样影多；游走性多，即上下游走或左右游走；症状与X征象不相符；一快一慢(胸部X线表现病灶变化快，最终吸收慢)。结论SARS的胸部X线表现如单独和单次静态观察似乎无明显特征改变；但是，进行动态观察并综合分析胸部X线征象及变化，还是有其一定特征性。     

严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)死亡病例的影像学表现

目的　探讨SARS死亡病例胸部影像学在诊断中的作用。方法　回顾性分析我院 11例符合SARS诊断标准的死亡病例的胸部平片和CT图像的影像学表现和特征。结果　胸部检查发现 11例SARS死亡患者肺部阴影均较明显 ,病变范围在 80 %～90 % 6例 ,90 %以上 5例。病变部位为双侧多叶病变 11例 (10 0 % ) ,病灶呈斑片及片絮状高密度影 8例 (72 .7% ) ,部分病变融合成大片实变阴影 ,其中磨玻璃样改变 1例 (9.1% ) ,肺内可见支气管充气像。结论　重症SARS患者的影像学表现以多叶、肺实质渗出、实变和间质性炎症为主。     

恶性组织细胞增生症的胸部X线表现

目的 探讨恶性组织细胞增生症(MH)的胸部X线表现。资料与方法 回顾性分析经骨髓或淋巴结穿刺活检证实的26例MH者的胸部X线平片资料。结果 MH的胸部X线可表现为肺间质性病变，渗出性病变，纵隔、肺门淋巴结肿大，胸腔积液，肺内肿块。结论 MH的胸部X线表现虽然没有特异性，但是正确认识它对MH的诊断是很有必要的。     

甲型H1N1流感的胸部X线及CT表现(附13例分析)

目的 探讨甲型H1N1流感的胸部影像表现.方法 对13例临床确诊的甲型H1N1患者的胸部X线和CT的影像征象进行分析.结果 甲型H1N1流感的胸部X线和螺旋CT影像征象主要表现为两肺的磨玻璃状与实变共存或磨玻璃状影,病变以两下肺及周围分布为主,实变的肺组织内可见支气管气像.13例中9例病变分布超过3个肺叶.2例显示边界不清的磨玻璃状小结节.2例在磨玻璃状病变中可见空腔.2例X线平片仅显示慢性支气管炎的异常征象.多层螺旋CT扫描于磨玻璃状密度、磨玻璃状密度与实变共存肺组织中可见明显的肺间质增厚.结论 胸部X线和多层螺旋CT检查对于甲型H1N1流感病人的诊断有重要作用,HRCT是显示病变分布和肺间质改变的首选检查方法.     

肺间质病变的基本X线表现

肺间质病变与肺实质病变并存而很少单独存在,不同疾病累及肺间质及肺实质的程度不同。故本文所谓肺间质病变,系指以间质改变为主的病变而言。间质病变受累的范围可以是局限的,也可是弥漫性的。后者在X线诊断方面易于混淆,且不易根据X线表现推论其原因。究其原因有二:1、其X     

军团杆菌病的X线分析：附三例报告

本文报告3例军团杆菌病,结合文献复习着重分析本病的胸部X线表现。其特点如下:(1)肺部病变呈多样性:①外周圆形或小斑片影;②多发斑片影;③叶、段实变;④叶、段不张;⑤局限性或弥漫性毛玻璃样阴影;⑥可形成空洞及脓肿;⑦似间质性肺炎或肺气囊等。(2)胸水发生率高(32～63%)。(3)X线表现与临床不一致,即临床症状经治疗后迅速好转,而X线征象可继续进展,两周后才有明显改善。本病X线表现无特异性,确诊有赖实验室检查。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.