Étude du virus de la poliomyélite

Sans résumé     

Épidémiologie des bilharzioses humaines en Mauritanie. L’exemple de la rive droite du fleuve Sénégal

A study was performed to determine the transmission and prevalence of human schistosomiasis in the Mauritanian side of the Senegal River basin. Parasitological investigations by Kato-Katz and urine filtration conducted on 1,259 school children indicated a mean prevalence of S. haematobium—29.0%, 25.9% and 34.3%, respectively, in the children of the lower, middle and high valley. Only the school children of the lower delta valley were infected by S. mansoni with a mean prevalence rate of 21.5%. The malacological investigations carried out in the water points of each visited village highlighted the presence of B. pfeifferi, B. senegalensis, B. globosus, B. umbilicatus, B. truncatus and B. forskalii. The last three species are announced for the first time in the Mauritanian side of the Senegal River. The laboratory snail infection experiments indicate that B. senegalensis and B. globosus are the most important intermediate hosts for S. haematobium in the Mauritanian side of the Senegal River basin. However, an incompatibility between the oasis strains of S. haematobium and the snails of the lower valley was noted. In the middle valley and high valley, the infection of the school children takes place during the rainy season, because of the creation of the temporary water points, in the lower valley; the transmission seems to be continuous.     

Étude du rapport PSA libre/PSA total par 5 systèmes différents dans le cadre du diagnostic précoce du cancer de la prostate

The aim of this prospective study is to compare results obtained with five systems measuring total and free PSA, and to evaluate interest of fPSA/tPSA for prostate cancer diagnostic. We studied patients with suspected prostate cancer, who needed biopsy. Blood was taken before biopsy, for measurement of total and free PSA. Determinations were made with five analytical systems. Results were compared for total PSA and free/total PSA ratio, then analysed in terms of efficiency.Reproducibility, better for total PSA than for free PSA, is satisfactory for all kits, but there is some differences between results obtained. ROC curves are not significantly different from one system to another.In this study, free/total PSA ratio is less discriminative between cancer and non-cancer than PSA density (ratio between total PSA  and gland volume). Definition of a cut-off is difficult. Free/total PSA ratio seems to be an orientation test: towards benign pathology if upper than 20% (VPN = 70%) and towards cancer if lower than 10% (VPP = 52%). Ratio is little contributive between 10 and 20%.     

Étude biochimique du liquide céphalorachidien dans le cadre de la sclérose en plaques

The aim of the biochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in support to clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system is the detection of intrathecal IgG synthesis. According to the European consensus report, we have developed a sensitive and specific iso-electric focusing method for detection of oligoclonal immunoglobulin banding in CSF and serum, and performed evaluation of blood-brain barrier and quantification of humoral immune response by albumin and immunoglobulin determination.We present a retrospective study of 537 patients having a CSF and serum pair analysed for intrathecal IgG synthesis study, 140 of them being suspected of multiple sclerosis according to Poser criteria.Quantitative and qualitative methods for IgG intrathecal detection are compared in the area of multiple sclerosis diagnosis contribution. This study confirms the interest to search IgG oligoclonal banding by the most sensible method (iso-electric focusing of oligoclonal IgG, according to the European consensus).