下胫腓前韧带撕裂对胫距关节面生物力学的影响

目的:探讨下胫腓前韧带撕裂后,距骨滑车上关节面压力与其分布的面积变化情况,为临床治疗下胫腓前韧带撕裂提供依据。方法:取6具成人新鲜踝关节标本,男4具,女2具;年龄25～60岁,平均44.6岁。将踝关节标本去除皮肤、肌肉等软组织,保留踝关节囊、内外侧韧带及下胫腓联合韧带。用特制夹具将踝关节固定于中立位,分别用压敏片测量在700N轴向负荷下,每个下胫腓前韧带完整的踝关节(控制组)与下胫腓前韧带撕裂的踝关节(断裂组)距骨滑车上关节面的平均压强、压强峰值及应力分布面积并进行统计分析。结果:控制组与断裂组应力分布面积分别为(367.8±54.0)mm2和(386.0±53.7)mm2;压强分别为(1.40±0.12)MPa和(1.70±0.35)MPa;压强峰值分别为(2.60±0.33)MPa和(3.20±0.32)MPa。从实验结果看,下胫腓前韧带断裂后,应力分布面积变化不显著(t=0.021,P=0.983),应力分布发生改变,应力集中区域向后外侧转移,平均压强(t=4.140,P=0.020)及压强峰值增加(t=3.169,P=0.010)。结论:下胫腓前韧带断裂时,距骨外旋,其滑车上关节面平均压强、压强峰值及应力分布发生变化,可能会导致创伤性关节炎,应该手术治疗,恢复其正常解剖关系。     

The geometrical axis of the talocrural joint—Suggestions for a new measurement of the talocrural joint axis

BackgroundDespite intensive research there is no consensus about the talocrural joint axis. The aim of the present study is a new method to determinate the geometric rotational axis of the talocrural joint.MethodsWe analyzed 98 CT-scans of full cadaver Caucasian legs. We generated three-dimensional reconstruction models of the talus. A best fitting cone was orientated to the talar articular surface. The geometric rotational axis was defined to be the axis of this cone.ResultsThe geometric rotational axis of the talocrural joint is orientated from lateral–distal to medial–proximal (85.6° ± 10 compared to anatomical tibial axis in torsional plane), from posterior–distal to anterior–proximal (81.43° ± 44.35 compared to anatomical tibial axis in sagittal plane) and from posterior–medial to anterior–lateral (169.2° ± 5.91 compared to intermalleolar axis in axial plane).ConclusionsThe consideration of our results might be helpful for better understanding of ankle biomechanics.     

踝关节跖屈、背屈运动的研究

目的:研究Pilon骨折在治疗中评价踝关节功能,诊断下胫腓联合分离、踝关节前后脱位的影像学依据。方法:35例正常成人,男21例(42踝),女14例(28踝);年龄21-48岁,平均31.6岁。踝关节常规摄正、侧位X线片;测量踝关节主动跖屈、背屈运动的最大角度,下胫腓联合间隙的宽度,胫骨外侧与腓骨的胫侧重叠影宽度,距骨踝关节面几何中心偏离胫骨中轴线的距离。结果:跖屈主动运动的最大角度,男(40.8°±3.1°),女(43.9°±4.8°);背屈主动运动的最大角度,男(27.6°±5.2°),女(26.5°±6.1°)。下胫腓联合间隙的宽度平均(3.2±0.5)mm。胫骨外侧与腓骨的胫侧重叠影宽度平均(6.9±2.2)mm。踝关节的跖屈下胫腓联合有逐渐变窄的变化,平均2 mm。距骨中心中轴距:男性跖屈最大值2.4 mm、背屈2.5 mm,女性跖屈最大值1.9 mm、背屈2.0 mm,最小值均为0 mm。结论:男女之间无论是背屈还是跖屈均无显著性差异(P>0.05),即踝关节在运动灵活性上无性别差异。踝关节主动跖屈、背屈运动的最大角度为Pilon骨折术中踝关节功能评定提供参考,下胫腓联合宽度>3.5 mm为下胫腓联合分离,胫骨外侧与腓骨的胫侧重叠影宽度<5.5 mm时,有下胫腓联合分离的可能。距骨中心中轴距>2 mm提示踝关节前后脱位。Pilon骨折在恢复骨折解剖复位的同时要注意这两个指标,对于恢复踝关节的侧方稳定、前后方向稳定有重要意义,能指导踝关节骨折治疗和康复。     

小切口解剖重建踝关节外侧韧带复合体治疗慢性外踝不稳的临床疗效

目的:探讨解剖重建踝关节外侧韧带复合体治疗慢性外踝不稳的临床疗效。方法:自2005年9月至2010年3月,采用解剖重建距腓前韧带及跟腓韧带手术治疗慢性外踝不稳29例,男24例,女5例;年龄15～35岁,平均24岁;病史7个月～10年,平均10个月。主要临床表现为踝关节反复扭伤。查体时29例均有踝关节的内翻增加以及距骨前移增加,内翻活动度比健侧平均增加(12.5±3.2)°。术中先在踝关节镜下处理关节内病变。移植物为自体股薄肌腱,距骨止点以锚钉在骨表面固定,移植物通过腓骨远端的骨隧道,跟骨止点以挤压钉在骨隧道内固定。术后通过观察患者症状的变化、距骨内翻和前移的程度改变以及影像学变化来评价疗效,并以AOFAS后足功能评分评价踝关节功能。结果:所有患者手术成功,无骨折及感染发生。所有患者获得随访,时间16～60个月,平均28个月。终末随访时无踝关节不稳定或活动受限。术后踝关节内翻角度比对侧增加值为(2.5±0.8)°,低于术前(t=12.3,P=0.012);距骨前移距离(3.5±0.8)mm,较术前(16.3±4.0)mm下降(t=18.6,P=0.002);距骨倾斜角(4.5±1.0)°,较术前(17.5±3.6)°下降(t=9.7,P=0.035);AOFAS后足功能评分(92.8±6.2)分,较术前(48.0±6.7)分升高(t=25.3,P=0.001)。所有患者无严重并发症出现,对疗效满意。结论:自体股薄肌腱移植解剖重建踝关节外侧韧带复合体的手术方式符合解剖学重建理念,手术创伤小,术后恢复快,无严重并发症。该手术临床效果可靠,术后踝关节稳定性恢复良好,踝关节功能明显改善。     

Three-Dimensional Morphometric Study of the Trapezium Shape of the Trochlea Tali

The trapezium shape of the talar dome limits the use of 2-dimensional plain radiography for morphometric assessment because only 2 of the 4 required parameters can be measured. We used computed tomography data to measure the 4 morphologic parameters of the trochlea tali: anterior width, posterior width, trochlea tali length, and angle of trapezium shape. A total of 99 subjects underwent computed tomography scanning, and the left and right talus bones were both virtually modeled in 3 dimensions. The 4 morphologic parameters were measured 3 times each to obtain the intraclass correlation, and analysis of variance was used to check for any significant differences between the repeated measurements. The average intraclass correlation coefficient for the measurements for 2 to 3 trials was 0.94 ± 0.04. Statistical analyses were performed on the data from all 198 talus bones using SAS software, comparing male and female and left and right bones. All 4 morphometric values were greater in the male group. No significant differences were found between the left and right talus bones. A strong positive correlation was observed between the trochlea tali length and the anterior width. The angle of trapezium shape showed no correlation with the other 3 parameters. The measurements were compared with the dimensions of the current talar components of 4 total ankle arthroplasty implants. However, most of them did not perfectly match the trapezium shape of the talus from our population. We successfully analyzed the trapezium shape of the trochlea tali using reliable virtual 3-dimensional measurements. Compared with other published reports, our study showed a relatively smaller dimension of the trochlea tali than the European counterparts.     

In vivo cartilage contact deformation of human ankle joints under full body weight

Quantitative data on in vivo deformation of articular cartilage is important for understanding the articular joint function and the etiology of degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis. This study experimentally determined the in vivo cartilage thickness distribution and articular cartilage contact strain distribution in human ankle joints under full body weight loading conditions using a combined dual fluoroscopic and magnetic resonance imaging technique. The average cartilage thickness with the joint non–weight bearing was found to be 1.43 mm ± 0.15 mm and 1.42 mm ± 0.18 mm in the distal tibial and proximal talar cartilage layers, respectively. During weight bearing on a single leg, the strain distribution data revealed that 42.4% ± 15.7% of the contact area had contact strain higher than 15% in the ankle joint. Peak cartilage contact strain reached 34.5% ± 7.3%. This quantitative data on in vivo human cartilage morphology and deformation demonstrated that the cartilage may undergo large deformations under the loading conditions experienced in human ankle joints during daily activities. The in vivo cartilage contact deformation can be used as displacement boundary conditions in three‐dimensional (3D) finite element models of the joint to calculate in vivo 3D articular cartilage contact stress/strain distributions. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1081–1089, 2008     

空心钉内固定治疗累及中距关节面的载距突骨折

目的:探讨空心钉内固定治疗跟骨单纯载距突骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2012年8月至2017年6月,采用空心钉内固定治疗累及中距关节面的载距突骨折患者13例,男10例,女3例,年龄26～58岁。测量并比较术前、术后1年CT冠状面上跟骨宽度及中距、后距关节间隙距离以评估距下关节面平整度,术后1年采用美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足评分标准对其临床疗效进行评估。结果:13例患者获得随访,时间9～70个月。骨折均骨性愈合,愈合时间8～16周。术后未出现距下关节炎、腱鞘炎等并发症。跟骨宽度由术前的46.2～52.7 mm降至术后的35.2～39.2 mm,中距关节间隙由术前的4.5～4.8 mm降至术后的1.9～2.2 mm,后距关节间隙由术前的2.4～2.8 mm降至术后的1.9～2.3 mm。术后1年AOFAS评分为77～94,其中优1例,良12例。结论:采用2枚空心钉交叉内固定治疗累及中距关节面的载距突骨折疗效满意,载距突骨折块可以得到良好复位,中距关节面恢复平整,足部功能改善明显。     

One-stage tibial deformity correction and ankle arthrodesis for ankle osteoarthritis and tibial malalignment after low tibial osteotomy

IntroductionThere are no reports on one-stage corrective tibial opening wedge osteotomy and arthrodesis for osteoarthritis of the ankle and tibial malalignment after distal tibial osteotomy.Presentation of caseThe patient was a 70-year-old woman who presented with complaints of ankle pain and lower limb deformity after tibial osteotomy performed for ankle arthritis 17–18 years earlier. Clinical examination revealed marked swelling around the ankle joint and pain and tenderness at the joint line. Imaging showed tibial malalignment and severe osteoarthritic changes in the ankle. The patient had valgus deformity of 21° and recurvatum deformity of 4°. In two months, she admitted to Department of Orthopedics at Tokushima University Hospital in Japan and we performed one-stage corrective tibial opening wedge osteotomy and ankle arthrodesis with an anterolateral plate through a lateral longitudinal incision. After removal of the previous implants, the remaining articular cartilage and osteophytes were removed from the tibial and talar surfaces. After debridement of the talar trochlea and tibial plateau, the center of rotation and angular deformity of the tibia was cut transversely and a 1-cm bone graft obtained from the removed fibula was inserted into the osteotomy site, which decreased the tibial malalignment. An anterolateral locking plate was inserted over the anterior and lateral sides of the tibia, and the ankle was fused using 2 cannulated screws.DiscussionThe patient wore an above-knee splint for 6 weeks to avoid weight-bearing followed by gradual weightbearing with a brace thereafter. Osseous fusion was achieved after about 3.5 months. Radiographs obtained at the 2-year follow-up visit showed complete union of the tibia and talus. Full correction of valgus and recurvatum deformity was achieved, and the patient was able to perform daily activities with almost no pain.ConclusionWe reported a rare case of ankle osteoarthritis and tibial malalignment that was successfully treated with one-stage corrective tibial opening wedge osteotomy and ankle arthrodesis using an anterolateral plate via a transfibular approach.     

距骨尾的命名及距骨尾骨折

为距骨尾命名提供科学依据并研究其骨折的临床意义。方法测量８０４例成人踝部Ｘ线侧位片上距骨尾长度,测量３３０例成人距骨标本上距骨尾的长,宽,厚度,观察距骨尾及整个距骨的形态。结果距骨整体形如乌龟,确有尾成人Ｘ线片距骨尾平均长６．８ｍｍ。按长度分为长尾型（６．６％）、中尾型（７８．３％）,短尾型（１４．２％）、缺如型（０．９％）。骨折５３例（６．６％）。距骨尾在１２岁左右出现,三角骨２７例（３．３％）     

To wedge or not to wedge; A cadaveric comparison study of two medial malleolar osteotomy modalities

ObjectiveTo quantify the surface area of the talus accessible with a uniplanar and a biplanar medial malleolus osteotomy. Our secondary purpose study is to quantify the amount of weightbearing area that each osteotomy effects on the tibial articular surface.Patients and methodsEight ankle joint specimens were dissected for this study. The uniplanar osteotomy was performed first. A K-wire marked the limits of access at two different angles: 90° and 30°. The boundaries were marked with a skin marker. Wedges were then created on the tibia plafond, and the osteotomy was converted into a biplanar one. Measurements were repeated again for this osteotomy. The talus, the tibial plafond, and the medial malleolus were then excised. Images were taken and then electronically calibrated for two-dimensional digital measurement of accessible areas. Areas of perpendicular and 30-degree access were recorded for both osteotomies. The articular surface of the tibia was also measured, and an area analysis was performed to calculate the amount of weightbearing cartilage removed by each osteotomy.ResultsAlmost the entire sagittal plane was accessible with both osteotomies. At a 30° angle, bone purchase was achieved for 67.7 % of the talar articular surface with the uniplanar osteotomy and for 74.8 % with the biplanar osteotomy. At a 90° angle, uniplanar osteotomy provided access to 32.7 % of the talar articular area, whereas the biplanar osteotomy achieved an average coverage of 52.8 %. The difference was statistically significant. On average, 25.3 % of the weightbearing area of the tibial plafond is affected when a biplanar osteotomy is performed.ConclusionMedial malleolar osteotomy provides varying degrees of access to the talar dome depending on how it is performed. A wedge-shaped biplanar osteotomy provides greater access and is therefore more suitable for defects located deeper on the talar dome. Despite providing wider access, it results in greater disruption of the weightbearing cartilage of the tibial plafond.Level of evidenceLevel V.     

Cadaveric Analysis of Exposure of the Talar Articular Surface Through the Posteromedial Approach

The purpose of this cadaveric study is to assess the talar articular surface visible through a modified posterior medial approach to the ankle joint for talar osteochondral defects. Ten fresh frozen cadaveric specimens were included. The talar surface area was outlined utilizing a marker. The talus was removed to measure the medial to lateral length and posterior to anterior length using a flexible ruler. A skin incision was made posterior to the medial malleolus. The incision was deepened through the flexor retinaculum. Dissection was carried between the posterior tibial and flexor digitorum longus tendons through the posterior tibial tendon sheath in order to access the posteromedial ankle joint. The posterior tibiofibular ligament should remain intact. A Hintermann distractor was then inserted to distract the ankle joint. The average articular cartilage visible from medial to lateral was 1.90 (68.6%) centimeters, while from posterior to anterior was 2.00 (43.6%) centimeters. Medial malleolar osteotomy is often required to visualize posteromedial talar osteochondral defects that are difficult to visualize with standard anterior ankle arthroscopy. Our study suggests that the modified posteromedial approach between the posterior tibial and flexor digitorum longus tendons and utilizing a Hintermann distractor allows for visualization of common posterior and central-medial lesions. When considering the anatomic 9-zone grid scheme proposed by Raikin et al, zone 4, 7, and 8 lesions can be assessed with this approach. A clinical study should be undertaken to evaluate the morbidity of this approach.     

自体与异体肌腱微创重建踝关节外侧韧带的临床对比研究

 目的 比较应用自体半腱肌腱与同种异体肌腱微创移植重建踝关节外侧韧带的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2006年9月至2011年6月采用微创手术治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳患者资料。其中应用自体半腱肌腱重建踝关节外侧韧带（自体组）32例,男19例,女13例;年龄17～62岁,平均32.4岁。同期应用同种异体肌腱重建踝关节外侧韧带（异体组）36例,男22例,女14例;年龄15～67岁,平均34.2岁。两组患者均采用相同的手术方法重建距腓前韧带及跟腓韧带。结果 自体组手术时间[（85.5±11.5） min］长于异体组[（58.1±10.2）min］,发热天数异体组[（5.5±1.5）d］长于自体组[（2.5±1.2）d］。自体组23例随访（33.5±6.7）个月,异体组26例随访（28.5±6.7）个月。美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）踝与后足评分,自体组术前（62.3±8.2）分,术后（95.1±7.5）分;异体组术前（60.2±8.4）分,术后（94.8±5.5）分。5例患者（自体组3例、异体组2例）在不平地面行走时,踝关节有残余不稳定。自体组1例患者平整地面行走踝关节有残余不稳定。自体组无一例膝部肌腱供区功能障碍。术后AOFAS评分自体组16例为优,5例为良,2例为差;异体组17例为优,5例为良,4例为差。应力位X线片示自体组距骨倾斜角平均由14.0°减少到3.8°,异体组平均由13.0°减少到3.6°;距骨前移距离自体组平均由12.3 mm减少到4.6 mm,异体组平均由11.5 mm减少到4.3 mm。结论 自体肌腱与同种异体肌腱移植重建踝关节外侧韧带的临床疗效无差异,但自体肌腱愈合时间较异体肌腱快,而异体肌腱具有损伤小,手术简便等优点。     

三角韧带损伤在旋后一外旋型踝关节骨折治疗中的意义

背景：旋后-外旋型踝关节骨折临床常见,三角韧带是否损伤是判定损伤严重程度与影响预后的重要因素。同时三角韧带是否修补与如何修补一直是大家争论的问题。目的：探讨三角韧带的解剖与组织特性,探讨损伤之后的诊断与治疗方法。方法：新鲜尸体标本10具,将内踝与距骨内侧结节之间的软组织由浅至深逐层解剖,胫后肌腱深层部分送检,HE染色后显微镜观察。记录2007年1月至2008年12月,旋后-外旋踝关节损伤患者40例的临床资料。结果：位于胫后肌腱深层的软组织,无论大体解剖还是显微结构,均分为两层、表面是胫后肌腱腱鞘鞘膜,深层是位于内踝后丘与距骨结节之间的三角韧带,宽10．8±1．5mm,长10．4±1．9mm,厚6．4±0．5mm。40例患者没有内侧切开处理三角韧带,随访终点结果良好。结论：三角韧带损伤临床常见,建议必要的辅助检查,分清内踝前丘、后丘与三角韧带的损伤情况。选择合适的手术方式,恢复踝关节的稳定性与关节面平整。     

The intrinsic subtalar ligaments have a consistent presence,location and morphology

BackgroundChronic subtalar instability is a disabling complication after acute ankle sprains. Currently, the literature describing the anatomy of the intrinsic subtalar ligaments is limited and equivocal which causes difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of subtalar instability. The purpose of this study is to assess the anatomical characteristics of the subtalar ligaments and to clarify some points of confusion.MethodsIn 16 cadaveric feet, the dimensions and locations of the subtalar ankle ligaments were assessed and measured. CT-scans before dissection and after indication of the footprints with radio-opaque paint allowed to generate 3D models and assess the footprint characteristics.ResultsThe cervical ligament (CL) had similar dimensions as the lateral ligaments: anterior length 13.9 ± 1.5 mm, posterior length 18.5 ± 2.9 mm, talar width 13.6 ± 2.2 mm, calcaneal width 15.8 ± 3.7 mm. The anterior capsular ligament (ACaL) and interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (ITCL) were found to be smaller structures with consistent dimensions and locations.ConclusionThis study identified consistent characteristics of the intrinsic subtalar ligaments and clarifies the local anatomical situation. The dimensions and footprints of the intrinsic ligaments of the subtalar joint suggest a more important role of the CL and ACaL in the stability of the subtalar joint. The results of this study are relevant to improve diagnostic tools and offer some guidelines when reconstructing the injured ligaments.     

自体腓骨短肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳定

目的:探讨自体腓骨短肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2016年7月至2019年7月采用自体腓骨短肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗的42例慢性踝关节外侧不稳定患者,其中男30例,女12例;年龄25～46(37.6±12.4)岁;左足15例,右足27例;受伤至手术时间3～...     

Etiology of the anterior ankle impingement syndrome: a descriptive anatomical study

BACKGROUND: In the anterior ankle impingement syndrome, recurrent traction to the anterior joint capsule is stated to be the cause of formation of talotibial osteophytes. This hypothesis involves the assumption that the osteophytes originate at the site where a capsular attachment is located. A soft tissue component that can get squeezed between the distal tibia and talus is thought to be responsible for impingement complaints during dorsiflexion movements. METHODS: In eight ankle specimens, the width of the nonweightbearing tibial cartilage rim and the distance of the tibial and talar cartilage to the capsular attachment were measured. The relationship of the soft tissue components to the anterior joint was studied. The average tibial cartilage rim width was 2.4 mm (1.5-3.0 mm). Tibial and talar cartilage-capsule distances were 4.3 mm (0.5-9.0 mm) and 2.4 mm (1.8-3.3 mm), respectively. In all specimens, the anterior joint space contained a triangular soft tissue component, overlying the joint capsule. The component consisted of a synovial membrane and subsynovial located fat and collagen tissue. It was observed that in 15 degrees dorsiflexion the soft tissue component was squeezed between the tibia and talus. CONCLUSIONS: The anterior ankle joint capsule attaches proximal to the site where the anterior talotibial spurs originate. The hypothesis of formation of talotibial spurs due to repetitive capsule traction therefore does not seem plausible. The anatomic findings do support the hypothesis that an anteriorly located soft tissue component is present that can give impingement symptoms.     

Characterization of lesions of the talus and description of tram-track lesions

BACKGROUND: The ankle joint, although not prone to primary osteoarthritis (OA), is known to be susceptible to secondary OA as a result of sports injuries and other trauma. Unlike the knee joint, a thorough investigation of talar cartilage lesions has not been previously reported. METHODS: One hundred and five human tali from 67 donors were used to determine the type and location of the most common lesions through gross examination, radiography, diffraction enhanced imaging, and histology. "tram-track lesions" also are described. RESULTS: The most anterior and posterior regions of the talar dome, along with the medial and lateral borders of the dome were most affected by cartilage degeneration. These are regions that appear to be most subjected to frictional forces from their articulating counterparts during high stress activities that move articulating surfaces slightly out of congruence with each other. One particularly striking cartilage degeneration pattern that, to our knowledge, has not been described histologically, is the tram-track lesion. These lesions displayed a longitudinally oriented groove in the cartilage, running from anterior to posterior, in which the deepest portion of the groove was located in the middle of the anterior-posterior axis of the talus. Several of these cartilage grooves had a bony ridge beneath, mirroring the cartilage groove whereas others did not. This suggests that the cartilage groove develops before the interruption of the tidemark (border between the calcified and uncalcified cartilage). In specimens for which the articulating tibial articular surface was available, (17) it was found that the tibia displayed small osteophytes on the anterior articular margin that exactly corresponded to their articulation with the talar cartilage grooves as the ankle articulated through plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. CONCLUSION: This study provides an in-depth histologic and gross anatomic look at the most common lesions of the talus of the ankle joint. In particular, the "tram-track" lesion was shown to be a consequence of its tibial articulation and to include both subchondral bone and articular cartilage changes.     

经腓骨骨折端辅助复位治疗外后踝合并关节面压缩骨折的病例对照研究

目的 :比较经腓骨骨折端辅助复位和经跟腱内侧辅助复位结合外后侧内固定治疗外后踝合并关节面压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2012年1月至2015年1月,治疗外后踝合并关节面压缩骨折52例,采用经腓骨骨折段辅助复位内固定治疗24例(A组),男16例,女8例;年龄20~65岁,平均(35.2±6.4)岁;经跟腱内侧入路辅助复位内固定治疗28例(B组),其中男18例,女10例;年龄22~62岁,平均(36.4±4.8)岁。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、切口长度、X线暴露次数及并发症发生情况,术后采用美国足踝外科协会踝-足(AOFAS)评分对两组患者的功能进行评价。结果:所有患者均获得随访,A组随访时间13~55个月,平均(27.5±2.5)个月;B组随访时间12~54个月,平均(28.5±2.4)个月。所有患者获得骨性愈合,愈合时间10~16周,平均12周。B组有2例出现切口感染,1例出现螺钉松动;A组无切口感染发生,1例出现螺钉松动。两组手术时间、出血量、X线暴露次数及并发症情况比较差异有统计学意义;两组踝关节AOFAS功能评分比较差异无统计学意义。结论:与经跟腱内侧辅助复位相比,经腓骨骨折端辅助复位治疗外后踝合并关节面压缩骨折具有出血少、手术时间短、X线暴露次数少、踝关节功能恢复好的优点,特别在处理常规入路难以复位的嵌夹的后外侧关节面压缩骨块,优势明显。     

胫骨远端解剖钢板治疗不稳定性Pilon骨折的生物力学研究

目的：从生物力学角度探讨新型胫骨远端解剖铜板的力学性能。方法：将12具新鲜湿润成人踝关节标本,随机区组分为4组（每组3具）,3具正常胫骨作为对照（正常N组）,9具造成胫骨远端不稳定性Pilon骨折,分别采用新型胫骨远端解剖钢板固定（A组）、重建铜板固定（B组）、三叶草钢板固定（C组）,B、C两组为对照组,测试各组的远端轴向抗压强度、远端轴向刚度、扭转生物力学性能、胫距关节面接触特征。结果：A组在胫骨远端不稳定性Pilon骨折的远端轴向抗压强度、远端轴向刚度、扭转生物力学性能以及胫距关节面接触特征上接近正常N组（P〉0．05）,优于B、C组（P〈0．05）。结论：新型胫骨远端解剖钢板固定后比较牢固,能达到胫骨远端不稳定性Pilon骨折稳定、可靠的固定目的。     

跟腓韧带解剖重建的解剖学研究

目的:通过对跟腓韧带(calcaneofibular ligament,CFL)止点相关数据的解剖学测量,为CFL重建提供解剖学依据。方法:采用27例成人尸体踝部标本,保留踝关节上方至少20 cm以及完整足部,男11例,女16例;年龄22～71(41.6±17.2)岁;左侧9例,右侧18例。排除畸形、骨折、发育未完全及退行性病变。对CFL进行解剖观察,测量CFL的形态参数,CFL腓骨侧、跟骨侧在坐标轴的坐标,并测量CFL腓骨侧止点同腓骨尖、CFL跟骨侧止点同跟骨外侧结节的距离,以及CFL同腓骨长轴的夹角。结果:27例人体踝关节标本中,CFL均为单束,CFL长度为(32.83±8.19) mm;CFL腓骨附着区中心点在坐标轴的位置为近端(2.87±1.21) mm,变异系数42.16%;前方(2.08±1.34) mm,变异系数64.42%。CFL跟骨附着区中心点在坐标轴的位置为远端(15.32±5.33) mm,变异系数34.79%;后方(6.38±2.15) mm,变异系数33.86%;CFL腓骨附着区中心点与腓骨尖的距离为(4.81±0.82) mm,CFL跟骨附着区中心点与跟骨外侧结节的距离为(17.25±3.12) mm;CFL同腓骨长轴的夹角为(43±18)°。结论:通过解剖研究发现可以通过踝关节周围解剖标记点来定位CFL腓骨侧、跟骨侧止点,而CFL止点变异较大,在解剖重建时需考虑解剖学特点。