Roux-en-Y胃转流术对GK大鼠炎症因子与胰岛素抵抗影响的实验研究

目的探讨Roux-en-Y胃转流术对自发糖尿病GK大鼠炎症因子与胰岛素抵抗的影响及其意义。方法 40只GK大鼠随机平均分为手术组与对照组。手术组行Roux-en-Y胃转流术,对照组行胃窦十二指肠离断后原位吻合术。分别于术前,术后1、2、4周动态检测两组大鼠血液中空腹血糖、口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)2 h血糖,空腹胰岛素;并于术前及术后4周测定大鼠血液中游离脂肪酸(free fatty acids,FFA)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果手术组术后空腹及OGTT2h血糖值均呈明显的下降趋势,至术后第4周时其血糖值显著低于术前(9.8±2.6)mmol/L降至(7.3±2.2)mmol/L及OGTT2h血糖(27.3±3.1)mmol/L降至(23.6±3.4)mmol/L(P<0.05);对照组手术前后空腹及OGTT2h血糖值无显著变化(P>0.05)。术后第4周,手术组大鼠血液FFA较术前显著降低(204.2±55.6)umol/L降至(179.4±32.54)umol/L(P<0.05);术后4周血中TNF-α的含量较术前显著降低(32.4±1.3)pg/ml降至(24.9±1.0)pg/ml(P<0.01);术后4周CRP的含量显著低于术前(648.5±36.23)ng/ml降至(32.9±37.8)ng/ml(P<0.01);而手术前后空腹胰岛素水平无显著变化(P>0.05),其HOMA-IR指数较术前显著降低(8.46±1.66降至5.20±0.79)(P<0.05);而对照组术后4周上述指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 Roux-en-Y胃转流术能显著降低GK大鼠的血糖,其可能机制是手术后通过降低体内游离脂肪酸含量,导致炎症因子释放减少,从而使胰岛素抵抗得到缓解。     

非胃手术后功能性胃排空障碍的诊断和治疗

目的　探讨非胃手术后功能性胃排空障碍 (FGDE)的病因、发病机制、诊断和治疗方法。方法　对 1998年 1月— 2 0 0 4年 4月间收治的 6例非胃手术后功能性胃排空障碍的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　非胃手术后功能性胃排空障碍多发生于腹部手术后的 3～ 14d。表现为上腹胀、呕吐、胃引流量增多。 6例患者均经非手术治疗后 16～ 2 7d恢复胃动力。胃造影和胃镜检查不仅是检查手段 ,而且对胃蠕动的恢复有促进作用。完全胃肠外营养 (TPN)和肠内营养 (EN)可以促进胃动力的恢复。结论　腹部非胃手术后功能性胃排空障碍的病因是多因素的 ;胃造影、胃镜的机械刺激作用以及充分的营养供给对胃功能障碍的恢复有促进作用。采取非手术治疗可治愈功能性胃排空障碍 ,应尽量避免手术治疗     

经皮胆道支架联合支架内外粒子植入治疗胰头癌伴胆道梗阻

目的 探讨胰头癌伴梗阻性黄疸者在施行经皮胆道支架成形术的基础上,经胆道支架内外置入放射性粒子治疗胰头癌的疗效.方法 23例胰头癌伴梗阻性黄疸患者均行PTCD基础上先行胆道支架成形术,然后经支架留置8F胆道引流管,最后将装有粒子条的导管经胆道引流管送入所需照射部位,随后配合CT引导下经皮穿刺胰头癌放射性粒子植入术治疗.结果 23例胰头癌伴梗阻性黄疸者,22例成功施行经皮胆道支架成形术,中位支架通畅期为12个月,中位生存期为11.2个月.所有患者均顺利施行支架内外放射性粒子植入术,未出现明显不良反应.术后所有患者的胆红素均降至正常或接近正常(P＜0.05).结论 经皮胆道支架成形术后联合支架内外放射性粒子植入术治疗胰头癌伴梗阻性黄疸是一种安全有效的方法,值得临床进一步推广.     

Assessment of Cerebrovascular Reserve before and after STA-MCA Bypass Surgery by SPECT and SPM Analysis

Objective

The purpose of this study was to objectively assess the efficacy of superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass surgery using Technetium (Tc)-99m-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients who underwent STA-MCA bypass surgery.

Materials and Methods

Brain perfusion SPECT images obtained at baseline and after the administration of acetazolamide were reconstructed using statistical parametric mapping in 23 patients, both before and after STA-MCA bypass surgery. The clinical outcomes of the surgery were also recorded and compared with the hemodynamic changes. A voxel with an uncorrected p-value of less than 0.001 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results

SPECT images of the territory supplied by the bypass graft showed an increase in both cerebrovascular flow and reserve at baseline, and the increase was significantly higher following the administration of acetazolamide. All patients showed improvement of clinical symptoms and increased blood flow to the left temporal, parietal, and frontal cortices as well as the thalamus.

Conclusion

Brain SPECT effectively and objectively demonstrated the improved outcomes of STA-MCA bypass surgery, and thus may be used in postoperative analyses.     

抑酸剂和黏膜保护剂预防脑梗死后上消化道出血的效果比较

目的比较抑酸剂兰索拉唑与黏膜保护剂复方铝酸铋预防脑梗死后上消化道出血的疗效。方法将2006—2007年住院的脑梗死患者211例纳入本组研究,其中男135例,女76例,年龄49~85岁,平均(73±12)岁,随机分为兰索拉唑组(112例)和复方铝酸铋组(99例)。脑梗死常规治疗的方法相同(包括阿司匹林75~100mg/d)。观察两组并发上消化道出血的发生率。结果两组脑梗死后上消化道出血的发生率分别为:兰索拉唑组6.9%(胃黏膜糜烂5例,胃溃疡2例,十二指肠溃疡1例),复方铝酸铋组7.4%(胃黏膜糜烂5例,胃溃疡1例,十二指肠溃疡1例)。两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论脑梗死后发生上消化道出血可能与病情的严重程度和应用非甾体类抗炎药物引起胃黏膜损伤有关;脑梗死后应用胃黏膜保护剂预防上消化道出血与应用抑酸剂预防有同等重要意义。