绝经后冠心病患者及正常妇女尼尔雌醇替代治疗的观察

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低密度脂蛋白亚型与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的评价Lipoprint Systerm检测的低密度脂蛋白亚型与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。方法回顾性搜集冠心病患者139例,所有患者应用Lipoprint Systerm对低密度脂蛋白亚型进行定量分析,并行冠状动脉造影检查,计算病变血管支数及Gensini评分,比较血管三支病变组与简单病变组、Gensini评分高分患者与低分患者的临床特征及脂蛋白亚型的差异,通过Logistic回归分析低密度脂蛋白亚型与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。结果与简单病变组比较,三支病变组低密度脂蛋白(LDL3)、小而密低密度脂蛋白(sdLDL)、sdLDL浓度百分比升高(P0.05),LDL1～2浓度百分比降低(P0.05)。三支病变组高血压、糖尿病比例高(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示高血压、糖尿病、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、LDL3、sdLDL、sdLDL浓度百分比与三支血管病变呈正相关,LDL1～2浓度百分比与三支血管病变呈负相关。与Gensini低分组比较,Gensini高分组极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)、总胆固醇(TC)、非高密度脂蛋白(nonHDL)、甘油三酯(TG)、LDL3、LDL4、LDL6、sdLDL、sdLDL浓度百分比升高(P0.05),LDL1～2浓度百分比降低(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示高血压、HbA1c、LDL6、LDL7、sdLDL、sdLDL浓度百分比与Gensini评分呈正相关,LDL1～2浓度百分比与Gensini评分呈负相关。结论 sdLDL及sdLDL浓度百分比与冠状动脉病变程度正相关,LDL1～2浓度百分比与冠状动脉病变程度负相关。     

Ox-LDL和hs-CRP与冠心病患者冠脉病变的相关性

目的 探讨血氧化型低密度脂蛋白(Ox-LDL)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平判断冠脉病变程度的价值.方法 将117例疑诊冠心病患者按选择性冠脉造影结果分为冠心病组78例和对照组39例(排除冠心病);采用ELISA法检测两组血浆Ox-LDL水平,免疫比浊法检测其hs-CRP水平.结果 冠心病组血浆Ox-LDL、hs-CRP水平均显著高于对照组(P均<0.01),稳定型心绞痛、不稳定型心绞痛、急性心肌梗死患者上述指标水平依次升高(P均<0.01);Gensini's分级≤10分、10～15分、15～20分和>20分者Ox-LDL水平依次升高(P均<0.01),但hs-CRP水平无显著差异.结论 Ox-LDL、hs-CRP与冠心病的发生、发展密切相关;Ox-LDL水平可用于评价冠脉严重程度.     

高密度脂蛋白颗粒大小与青年冠心病无症状性心肌缺血的关系

目的 探讨高密度脂蛋白(HDL)颗粒大小与青年冠心病无症状性心肌缺血(SMI)的相关性。方法 共纳入469例青年冠心病患者,其中无症状性心肌缺血组194例(SMI组,n=194),有症状性心肌缺血组275例(non-SMI组,n=275)。收集患者的一般资料,检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)水平及相关生化指标。计算HDL颗粒大小的量化指标HDLC/ApoA1,以及相关脂质参数TC/HDLC、non-HDLC、TG/HDLC、LDLC/HDLC。应用多因素Logistic回归分析明确HDL颗粒大小(HDLC/ApoA1)与青年冠心病SMI发生的关系。结果 与non-SMI组比较,SMI组患者血清TC、尿酸、LDLC、LDLC/HDLC、TC/HDLC、non-HDL水平偏低,HDLC、ApoA1、HDLC/ApoA1值更大(均P＜0.05)。相关分析结果显示,HDL颗粒大小(HDLC/ApoA1)与Gensini积分呈负相关(r=－0.405,P＜0.05)。多因素分析显示,HDL颗粒大小(HDLC/ApoA1)是青年冠心病患者SMI的独立预测因子(OR=0.697,95%CI:0.233~0.910,P=0.007)。受试者工作特征曲线显示,以0.36为HDL颗粒大小(HDLC/ApoA1)临界值预测青年冠心病SMI发生的灵敏度为92.1%,特异度为75.5%。结论 HDL颗粒大小(HDLC/ApoA1)与青年冠心病SMI患者冠状动脉病变严重程度呈负相关,对青年冠心病SMI具有较强的预测价值。     

Relation of angiographically defined coronary artery disease to serum lipoprotein levels

The relationship of coronary artery disease to plasma lipoproteins was examined in 43 men admitted to our unit with suspected ischemic heart disease. Coronary arteriography was performed, and a score reflecting the severity of disease was assigned to the angiogram. Plasma, obtained after a 12-h overnight fast, was assayed for triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and HDL-3 cholesterol. HDL-2 cholesterol was found by subtraction. The cholesterol contents of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were quantitated by the Freidwald equation. Men with high coronary scores tended to be older, and subjects with moderate coronary disease had significantly higher total and LDL cholesterol values than those with minimal disease. Age was the only factor to be significantly associated with coronary score and there was no significant association between coronary score and total LDL and HDL cholesterol or its subfractions when the age factor was taken into account.     

多普勒超声Tei指数评估冠状动脉不同病变程度时左心室功能状态的研究

目的探讨Tei指数与冠状动脉病变严重程度之间的关系。方法拟诊冠心病患者188例，行定量冠状动脉造影（QCA）；脉冲多普勒超声心动图采集二尖瓣和主动脉瓣血流频谱，计算出Tei指数。把Tei指数与QCA结果对照分析，揭示不同程度的冠状动脉病变和Tei指数之间的关系。结果Tei指数在Gensini积分1～40分组、41～80分组和≥81分组中逐渐升高，41～80分组与1～40分组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论Tei指数与冠状动脉病变程度有关，冠状动脉狭窄程度越重，Tei指数升高越明显。     

Slower Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics in Adults With Complex Congenital Heart Disease

BackgroundAdults with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) show reduced aerobic exercise capacity and impaired skeletal muscle function compared with healthy peers. Peripheral muscle factors are presumed to be important contributors to the aerobic capacity, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences between adults with CHD and controls in muscle oxygenation kinetics at rest, and during and after exercise.MethodsSeventy-four patients with complex CHD (mean age 35.6 ± 14.3 years, female n = 22) were recruited. Seventy-four age- and sex-matched subjects were recruited as controls. Muscle oxygenation was successfully determined on the anterior portion of the deltoid muscle using near-infrared spectroscopy in 65 patients and 71 controls. Measurements were made at rest, during isotonic shoulder flexions (0-90°) to exhaustion, and during recovery.ResultsThe patients with CHD performed fewer shoulder flexions (40 ± 17 vs 69 ± 40; P < 0.001), had lower muscle oxygen saturation (StO₂) at rest (58 ± 18% vs 69 ± 18%; P < 0.001), slower desaturation rate at exercise onset (?9.7 ± 5.9 vs ?15.1 ± 6.5% StO₂ × 3.5 s^?1, P <0.001), and slower resaturation rate post exercise (4.0 ± 2.7 vs 5.4 ± 3.6% StO₂ × 3.5 s^?1; P = 0.009) compared with the controls.ConclusionsIn comparison with age- and sex-matched controls, adults with complex CHD had slower oxygenation kinetics. This altered skeletal muscle metabolism might contribute to the impaired skeletal muscle endurance capacity shown and thereby also to the reduced aerobic capacity in this population.     

Decreased melatonin synthesis in patients with coronary artery disease.

Aims: Decreased night-time plasma levels of melatonin were recently reported in patients with coronary artery disease, and it was postulated that melatonin production may be impaired, due to a lack of synthesizing enzymes. However, since artefacts possibly influencing the release pattern were not taken into account, this interpretation was strongly criticized. We therefore carefully investigated night-time melatonin production in patients with coronary artery disease using an appropriate experimental approach. Furthermore, we examined the effect of beta-blockers, a frequently used drug in coronary artery disease therapy. Methods and Results: Forty-eight male patients with angiographically documented severe coronary artery disease, 24 of them taking beta-blockers daily in therapeutic dosages, were included. Eighteen age-matched men, with no evidence of coronary sclerosis, served as controls. To determine melatonin production, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) was measured radioimmunologically from overnight urine. Urinary aMT6s concentration was significantly decreased in patients, and beta-blocker treatment did not further suppress melatonin production. Conclusions: The data obtained using this investigative approach provide clearcut evidence that melatonin production in patients with coronary artery disease is decreased. Whether a decreased melatonin level may be a predisposing factor for coronary artery disease, or whether the occurrence of coronary artery disease decreases melatonin synthesis remains to be determined.     

Antibodies to malondialdehyde oxidized low-density lipoproteins predict long term cardiovascular mortality in high risk patients

Aims

Antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLAbs) are detectable in the serum of patients with and without atherosclerosis, but it is unclear if they play a pathogenic or a protective role in atherogenesis or if they are simply a marker of atherosclerosis. Therefore, in a prospective cohort study we investigated if oxLDLAbs titer predicts cardiovascular (CV) events in high-risk coronary artery disease patients.

Methods and results

The titer of IgG antibodies to malondialdehyde modified oxidized low-density lipoproteins was measured in 748 randomly selected patients of the GENICA study who underwent coronary angiography and assessment of incident CV events at follow-up. Patients were classified by oxLDLAbs into a low and a high titer group, corresponding to the first three and the last quartile, respectively. Cardiovascular event-free survival was compared between oxLDLAbs groups by Kaplan–Meier and multivariate technique including propensity score matching analysis. During long-term follow-up (median 7.2 years) CV deaths were observed in 65 patients (11.6%), more commonly in the high than in the low oxLDLAbs group (patients free from CV death 83.1% vs. 89% respectively, p = 0.025). The incidence of CV events was also higher in the former than in latter (event-free survival 69.2% vs. 77.7% respectively, p = 0.030).

Conclusions

An oxLDLAbs titer above the 75th percentile is a marker of LDL oxidation which predicts a worse CV prognosis at long term follow-up in high-risk Caucasian patients referred for coronary angiography.