胆石病的非手术治疗

胆石病是胆道系统主要疾病，在急腹症中仅次于阑尾炎，居第二位。国内胆石病发率为8%～10%，美国每年都有10万新胆石病患者。自从100多年前langenburch施行第一例胆囊切除以来，手术治疗已成为常规的胆石病治疗方法。但手术有一定并发症及死亡率，病人往往不愿意接受手术治疗。     

大肠癌合并胆石病的治疗

大肠癌与环境因素的关系较为密切[1],而高热量、高脂肪、高胆固醇饮食又是胆石病形成的主要原因之一[2]。随着我国人民生活水平的提高,大肠癌和胆石病的发病率都有明显的上升,大肠癌合并胆石病的病例也随之增加。而且,有认为胆石病与大肠癌的发生存在一定的关系。因此对合并胆石病的大肠癌患者进行根治性手术时,是否需处理病变的胆囊,本文就这一问题进行讨论。材料与方法本文收集了仁济医院自1993年1月～1998年6月间收治的大肠癌病例287例,因胆石病已行胆囊切除10例,277例中经B超及手术探查证实伴胆石病有57例,占20.58％其中男性2…     

胆石病的实验室结果分析与预防

胆石病是一种常见的疾病 ,随着人们生活的改善和平均年龄增高 ,本病有逐年增多的趋势。胆石可以发生在肝内胆管、肝外胆管或胆囊内。也可同时存在于胆囊与胆管内 ,或同时存在于肝内胆管与肝外胆管内。在 2 0世纪 90年代的抽样调查结果表明 ,我国胆石病的发病率已达到 10 % ,其中 80 %为胆囊结石。为了有效的控制胆石病的发生 ,特对我院 39例胆石病患者的实验室结果分析报道如下。1　资料与方法1.1　病例选择　 39例患者均系我院住院及门诊经 B超确诊的胆石病患者 ,均有不同程度临床症状占 35例。女性 2 8例 ,男性 11例 ,年龄最小 2 2岁 ,最…     

胆石病的成因及发病机制研究进展

胆石病是一种常见疾病,据报道西方国家成年人胆石病的发病率达15%～20%,我国的发病率为7%～10%,而70%～80%的胆囊结石为胆固醇结石[1]。很多的胆石病患者没有明显的症状,但40岁以上的胆囊结石患者中有40%的人因明显的症状和严重的并发症而被迫行腹[2]     

广西胆石病临床调查结果报告

胆石病是我国的常见病、多发病之一。中国幅员辽阔,各地的发病情况不尽相同。广西地处祖国南疆,为胆石病的多发区。为了摸清我区胆石病的发病情况,区胆石病协作组根据全国胆石病研究协作组的协议规定,组织全区回顾性胆石病临床调查,现将结果报告如下。     

基层医院胆道再手术21例体会

胆石病的再手术率一般在10～25％，由于病情复杂，处理比较困难。我院白1985～1992年．困胆石病行胆道手术289例．其中21例为再次手术，现将21例的处理体会报告如下。     

胆石病危险因素的条件Logistic回归分析

目的　探讨胆石病的危险因素 ,为胆石病的预防提供依据。方法　按性别、年龄对 10 4例胆石病病例进行1∶1配对的病例对照研究 ,用条件Logistic回归作单因素、多因素分析。结果　胆囊炎 (OR =30 .938)、油腻饮食(OR =19.6 0 9)、家族史 (OR =16 .6 76 )、甘油三脂 (OR =5 .92 4)、体质指数 (OR =2 .835 )、饮酒 (OR =1.86 8)、多孕次 (OR =1.818)、素食 (OR =0 .2 97)等因素与胆石病的发生有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　胆囊炎、油腻饮食、家族史、高血脂、肥胖、饮酒、多孕次是胆石病的主要危险因素 ,而素食可能有保护作用。     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石与内镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊合并胆总管结石的对比分析

胆石病是目前临床常见病,1994年我国第2次胆石病调查报告显示:胆石病患者中有10%为胆囊合并胆总管结石。随着十二指肠镜及腹腔镜的临床应用,胆囊合并胆总管结石的治疗取得了进一步的发展。我院应用腹腔镜下胆囊切除-胆总管探查术与腹腔镜下胆囊切除术联合内镜下Oddi括约肌切开术两种术式治疗胆囊合并胆总管结石,取得了较满意的疗效,现报道如下。1资料与方法     

青岛市及周边地区近10年胆石病构成调查

目的探讨青岛市及周边地区近10年来胆石病构成及其变化情况。方法采用回顾性调查的方法,收集我院1998—2007年间住院并经手术证实的2 899例胆石病病人的临床资料,经计算机整理后用SPSS 12.0软件包进行统计分析,并将统计结果与1991年的资料进行比较分析。结果不同部位胆石病年龄分布不完全相同,2007年组年龄分布与1991年组相比明显后移。2007年组以单纯胆囊结石所占比例最高,其次是单纯胆总管结石。与1991年组相比,2007年组胆囊结石的构成比例显著升高,胆总管结石的构成比例下降,胆囊并胆总管结石和肝内胆管结石的构成比例无明显变化。结论青岛市及周边地区近10年来老年胆石病病人明显增加,胆囊结石的构成比明显增高。     

军队疗养体检人员胆囊结石病及其相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨军队疗养体检人员胆囊结石病（以下简称胆石病）的患病情况及其相关危险因素。方法 对2015年1月至2018年12月在联勤保障部队桂林康复疗养中心接受体检的3 593名特勤、保健及康复疗养员进行回顾性横断面调查,收集其临床资料、体格检查及实验室检测结果,统计其胆石病的患病情况;比较胆石病组与非胆石病组临床及生化指标差异;并通过多项Logistic回归模型,分析与胆石病相关的危险因素。结果 胆石病总检出率为5.34%,其中女性（5.56%）略高于男性（5.17%）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;在<50岁的人群中,女性胆石病的检出率（3.99%）高于男性（2.25%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;而≥50岁的人群中,男性胆石病的检出率为8.12%,女性为8.01%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。男女性胆石病的检出率均随着年龄增长而升高,组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。胆石病组的高血压、非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）、体重指数（BMI）、血糖（GLU）、总胆固醇（TC）等均显著高于非胆石病组（P<0.05）。多项Logistic回...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.