Budd—Chiari综合征的MRI

目的：探讨Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征的ＭＲＩ和ＭＲＡ表现及其诊断价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析５例经腔静脉造影证实的Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征的ＭＲＩ和ＭＲＡ表现,并与腔静脉造影进行比较。结果：ＭＲＩ和ＭＲＡ表现如下：１、肝肿大,３例慢性者尾叶增大;２、肝静脉未显示,肝内血管呈逗点状;３、下腔静脉狭窄、阻塞和狭窄阻塞后扩张及血流信号异常,与腔静脉造影比较,ＭＲＩ和ＭＲＡ显示狭窄和阻塞的形态不够确切;４、肝外侧枝血管形成。结论：ＭＲＩ对Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征具有特征性的诊断价值,但不能取代腔静脉造影。     

Budd-Chiari综合征的CT与超声、静脉造影对比研究

目的：评价ＣＴ、超声、静脉造影对Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析４４例Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征的ＣＴ、超声、静脉造影表现,比较三种检查方法显示肝脏的形态、肝静脉、下腔静脉、肝内外的侧枝血管情况。结果：ＣＴ显示肝尾叶增大４２例（９５％）,肝脏密度不均或呈低密度表现,１９例（４３％）显示有肝内侧枝血管,４２例（９５％）见有肝外侧枝血管,其中奇静脉扩张３５例（８０％）,半奇静脉扩张３９例（８９％）,下腔静脉钙化７例（１６％）。超声显示３８例（８６％）有下腔静脉狭窄或阻塞,１６例（３６％）有肝静脉狭窄或阻塞,３７例（８４％）显示有肝内侧枝血管,１６例（３６％）显示有肝外侧枝血管。静脉造影显示下腔静脉狭窄或阻塞２３例（５３％）,肝静脉狭窄或阻塞５例（１１％）,其余１６例（３６％）同时累及下腔静脉和肝静脉,３８例（８４％）显示有肝内侧枝血管,４４例（１００％）见有肝外侧枝血管。结论：ＣＴ对显示肝脏形态、下腔静脉钙化、肝外侧枝血管尤其是奇静脉和半奇静脉扩张有优势,超声则对显示下腔静脉和肝静脉狭窄或阻塞、肝内侧枝血管有优势,ＣＴ、超声和静脉造影相互补充有助于本病的正确诊断     

经皮肝穿刺肝静脉造影与下腔静脉造影、B超对Budd-Chiari综合征的诊断

目的：研究经皮肝穿刺肝静脉（ＰＴＨＶ）造影在Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征（ＢＣＳ）诊断和治疗中的价值。方法：采用经皮肝穿刺肝静脉造影对５３例Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征患者进行了检查，并与下腔静脉造影及Ｂ超检查结果进行回顾性对比。结果：依据造影可分为以下类型，１．主肝静脉出口部阻塞，下腔静脉通畅１９例。２．主肝静脉扩张而开放，下腔静脉膜性阻塞２２例。３．肝静脉及下腔静脉均闭塞１２例。结论：作者认为与下腔静脉造影和Ｂ超检查相比，ＰＴＨＶ对肝静脉及侧枝循环的显示有显著的优越性，对ＢＣＳ诊断，治疗及预后的判断均有重要的临床意义     

顺行经皮经肝静脉破膜,扩张治疗Budd—Chiari综合征（附三例报告）

顺行经皮经肝静脉破膜、扩张治疗Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征（附三例报告）张小明汪秀杰汪忠镐余军王仕华张逢吉卞策Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征是因肝上段下腔静脉阻塞、狭窄或肝静脉的阻塞所致，临床上主要表现为门脉高压或可伴有下腔静脉的高压。单纯肝静脉出口隔...     

Budd—Chiari综合征的影象诊断与介入治疗：附168例分析

本文报告１６８例经Ｂ超检出，下腔静脉造影证实的Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征，其中６５例行下腔静脉或肝静脉ＰＴＡ或血管内支架置入。对Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征的临床表现。Ｂ超声象、下腔静脉或静脉造影、ＣＴ和其它Ｘ线征象进行了回顾性分析。１６８便中，下腔静脉隔膜型７６例（４５．２％），下腔静脉节段性狭窄或闭塞６５例（３８．７％），肝静脉开口闭塞１０例（６．１％），下腔静脉＋肝静脉闭塞１７例（１０％）     

Budd-Chiari综合征的磁共振诊断

目的：探讨柏一查氏综合征（Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ）的磁共振（ＭＲ）表现,分析比较各种检查方法。方法：８例本病患者的磁共振成像检查,采用ＳＥ、ＦＳＥ和ＧＲ序列,轴位,冠状位和矢状位扫描,其中２例做了磁共振血管造影（ＭＲＡ）。结果：ＭＲ表现为肝静脉和／或下腔静脉（ＩＶＣ）狭窄、阻塞和栓塞及“逗点样”肝内侧支循环;肝脏充血肿大或尾叶代偿性增大;脾大;门脉增粗;腹水和肝外侧支循环。结论：Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征在ＭＲ上有较为典型的表现,ＭＲ是目前诊断该病的最佳选择     

肝动脉栓塞术后并发Budd－Chiari氏综合征

肝动脉栓塞术后并发Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ氏综合征北京医科大学第三医院放射科山耘，李选，谢敬霞Ｂｕｄｄ－ｃｈｉａｒｉ氏综合征是由于肝静脉阻塞所致的一组临床征候群。常见的病因主要为肿瘤侵犯肝静脉及肝静脉内血栓形成。先天性下腔静脉隔膜亦可引起Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈ...     

不同类型Budd-Chiari综合征的介入治疗(附200例分析)

目的探讨不同类型Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征（ＢＣＳ）介入治疗方法，评价经皮穿刺球囊扩张术（ＰＴＡ）和内支架（ｓｔｅｎｔ）治疗Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征的价值。材料与方法８年中诊治Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征患者２００例。介入治疗方法包括：下腔静脉球囊扩张术，下腔静脉球囊扩张和血管内支架放置术，经颈静脉行肝静脉成形术，经皮经肝和经颈静脉行肝静脉成形术，副肝静脉成形术，下腔静脉和肝静脉双球囊扩张术，下腔静脉和肝静脉双支架放置术。结果介入治疗ＢＣＳ的成功率为９４．４％。术中死亡率０．５％。严重的并发症为误穿心包导致心包填塞和血管内支架脱入右心房。结论ＰＴＡ和ｓｔｅｎｔ放置是一种安全、可靠的方法，可以替代外科对ＢＣＳ的治疗。     

经皮肝穿肝静脉开通术治疗Budd—Chiari综合征

目的：探讨经皮肝穿肝静脉开通术治疗单纯肝静脉阻塞型Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征的可行性。材料和方法：１例单纯肝静脉阻塞型Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征并大量腹水患者，采用经皮肝穿肝静脉成形术和内支架置入术治疗。结果：技术成功，疗效满意，未见严重并发症。术后１０个月彩色多谱勒随访显示通道通畅，仅见少量腹水。结论：采用本方法治疗单纯肝静脉阻塞型Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征简便易行，疗效可靠。     

肝静脉阻塞型Budd—Chiari综合征的介入治疗：附10例报告

肝静脉阻塞型Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征（ＢＣＳ）既是内外科临床治疗的“难治之症”，也是介入放射学领域尚未完全解决的课题。作者采用肝静脉开通术（ＰＴＡ及ＥＭＳ置入术等）和经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉内支架分流术（ＴＩＰＳＳ）对１０例肝静脉阻塞型ＢＣＳ进行了治疗，取得了满意的临床效果。作者认为：肝静脉开通术是治疗肝静脉口部狭窄或闭塞型ＢＣＳ的较为合理而且安全有效的非手术方法。尽管它较下腔静脉开通术的难度和风     

Budd-Chiari综合征的磁共振影像分析

目的：探讨MRI对Budd-Chiari综合征的诊断价值.方法：回顾性分析24例经DSA证实的Budd-Chiari综合征MRI表现.所有病例均采用FSPGR T1和FRFSE T2序列扫描.其中12例行FSPGR T1动态增强扫描.结果：肝静脉型6例,下腔静脉型8例,混合型10例,其中合并肝静脉或下腔静脉血栓6例.急性6例,亚急性6例,慢性12例.所有病例均有不同程度的肝肿大.肝脏尾叶增大20例,肝实质信号不均匀12例,肝内侧支血管17例,副肝静脉2例,肝外侧枝血管16例,脾大腹水16例,合并肝癌和脾梗死各1例.结论：MR能直接显示下腔静脉和肝静脉的狭窄,明确诊断并分型.并能根据不同时期信号特点和侧支血管分布的影像特征对其进行分期,判断疾病的病程和预后.MR是一个独立的非侵袭性的多方面评价Budd-Chiari综合征的方法.     

MRI of the Budd-Chiari syndrome

Five of six patients with angiographically proved Budd-Chiari syndrome (hepatic venous outflow obstruction) showed multiple specific MRI abnormalities: striking reduction in caliber or complete absence of the hepatic veins, "comma-shaped" intrahepatic collateral vessels, and/or marked constriction of the intrahepatic inferior vena cava. The sixth patient had angiographically proven sinusoidal hepatic venous obstruction and patent central hepatic veins; MRI showed ascites but revealed no specific features of the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Patients with end-stage cirrhosis also showed compressed, distorted hepatic veins; however, these cirrhotic livers were distinguished by their small size, nodular surface, and extrahepatic collateral varices. In patients without cirrhosis or the Budd-Chiari syndrome, normal hepatic, portal, and inferior caval veins were routinely seen when technically adequate MRI examinations were obtained (94 of 100 cases). Four of the six patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome had been treated surgically. In three, MRI identified patent portocaval shunts. In the fourth, angiographically confirmed shunt stenosis was demonstrated by MRI.     

Budd-Chiari syndrome: spectrum of imaging findings

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to illustrate the imaging findings of Budd-Chiari syndrome, including CT, MRI, sonographic, and angiographic findings. CONCLUSION: The key imaging findings in Budd-Chiari syndrome are occlusion of the hepatic veins, inferior vena cava, or both; caudate lobe enlargement; inhomogeneous liver enhancement; and the presence of intrahepatic collateral vessels and hypervascular nodules. Awareness of these findings is important for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.     

中国河南地区Budd-Chiari综合征病变特点的影像分析

目的 探讨中国河南省Budd-Chiari综合征患者肝静脉阻塞和下腔静脉阻塞病变的分布特点.方法 应用3种血管成像技术,彩色多普勒超声、CTA和MRA检查,经DSA证实的Budd-Chiari综合征患者231例,对影像结果进行分析,分析清晰显影的主肝静脉、副肝静脉和下腔静脉走行与阻塞部位分布特点.结果 231例中肝静脉分支都正常的单纯性下腔静脉阻塞5例,占2.2%;下腔静脉正常的单纯性肝静脉阻塞33例,占14.3%;下腔静脉和肝静脉同时阻塞的193例,占83.5%.结论 中国河南地区Budd-Chiari综合征以下腔静脉阻塞合并肝静脉阻塞的复合型病变最多见,而单纯性下腔静脉阻塞最少见.     

CT及MRI对Budd-Chiari综合征中副肝静脉的检测及临床意义

目的 探讨Budd-Chiari综合征中副肝静脉的CT、MRI表现,评价其在Budd-Chiari综合征诊断与治疗中的价值. 资料与方法 有CT、MRI资料的Budd-Chiari综合征病例24例(其中22例行介入诊疗),观察副肝静脉的CT、MRI表现,结合DSA表现和介入治疗方法 讨论副肝静脉的临床意义. 结果 24例Budd-Chiari综合征患者中, 20例检测到副肝静脉, 显示率83.3%.典型的副肝静脉主要分布于肝VI段及临近肝组织内,表现为与下腔静脉相通的管道. 结论 在大多数Budd-Chiari 综合征患者中CT及MRI可以直观地观察副肝静脉的形态、侧支循环情况及其与下腔静脉的交通情况, 对该病的诊断、治疗方案的制定和预后判断都有重要意义.     

Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava: comparison of findings at sonography, CT, and venography.

OBJECTIVE. Membranous or segmental obstruction of the inferior vena cava is one of the common causes of chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome. In this study, the venographic findings are compared with the results of sonography and CT in order to ascertain their role in the management of these cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Fifteen patients with membranous (n = 8) or segmental (n = 7) obstruction of the inferior vena cava who had been examined with sonography and CT were studied retrospectively. Diagnosis was made at surgery (n = 3) or by venacavography (n = 12). Sonographic findings were analyzed on the basis of the initial report, and CT findings were reviewed retrospectively with knowledge of the sonographic findings. RESULTS. Sonography showed membranous obstruction (n = 5), segmental cordlike obstruction (n = 3), and unspecified obstruction (n = 5) of the inferior vena cava, while CT showed a flap of the membrane (n = 1) and segmental narrowing or obstruction of the inferior vena cava (n = 7). In the remaining cases, the inferior vena cava either appeared normal (n = 6) or was not visualized (n = 1) on CT or was not described in the sonographic report (n = 2). In nine cases, CT showed one or several tiny calcific foci in the inferior vena cava. Sonography showed obliteration of at least one hepatic vein (n = 8) and of intrahepatic collateral vessels (n = 12), whereas CT was less sensitive in evaluating obliteration of intrahepatic veins (n = 4) and collateral vessels (n = 7). Sonography and CT both showed hepatic masses (n = 6), evidence of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (n = 14), hepatomegaly (n = 14), enlargement of the caudate lobe (n = 9), and intraabdominal (n = 11) and abdominal wall (n = 15) collateral vessels. CONCLUSION. Sonography was superior to CT in delineating pathologic venous anatomy of the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins whereas CT was better in evaluating hepatic cirrhosis and tumor. We believe that these techniques are useful complements to venography in the diagnosis and management of these cases.     

布加综合征的CT和MRI诊断

布加综合征(BCS)是一种因肝静脉流出道阻塞而导致的少见病变,本文对BCSCT和MRI表现进行了综述,CT和MRI检查可以显示直接征象即静脉阻塞的部位和范围,对于肝内外的侧支血管、肝尾叶增大、肝脏不均匀强化、再生结节等静脉阻塞间接表现也能较好显示,认识这些表现有助于病变的早期诊断和选择合适的治疗方法。     

Budd-Chiari综合征介入术前MRI检查的价值

目的：评价Budd-Chiari综合征介入术前MRI检查的价值。方法：有MRI资料的Budd-Chiari综合征病例14例（其中12例行介入诊疗），观察下腔静脉、肝静脉、副肝静脉和侧支循环的表现，结合DSA表现和介入治疗方法讨论MRI的临床应用价值。结果：MRI正确地诊断了下腔静脉膜性和节段性病变，但未能进一步区分重度膜性狭窄和闭塞。MRI较好地判断了肝静脉和副肝静脉的通畅情况。MRI对肝内、外侧支血管的显示较为全面。结论：术前MRI能正确评估Budd-Chiari综合征指导介入治疗。