豚鼠耳蜗核复合体的立体定位

听觉系统的各级中枢及其通路较为复杂 ,但层次清楚。近年来由于电子计算机技术推动了听觉诱发电位分析工作的发展 ,使得对各级听觉中枢的研究更为活跃。本实验对我国实验常用豚鼠 (ＣａｖｉａＰｏｒ ｃｅｌｌｒｓ) [1] 脑干耳蜗核复合体的立体定位进行了探索。选用我国实验常用豚鼠 (ＣａｖｉａＰｏｒｃｅｌｌｒｓ) 2 0只 ,体重 350～ 50 0ｇ ,3～ 9月龄 ,雌雄不限。所有动物均用美国产ＣａｄｗｅｌｌＱａｎｔｕｍ 84型诱发电位系统进行听性脑干反应 (ａｕｄｉｔｏｒｙｂｒａｉｎｓｔｅｍｅｖｏｋｅｄｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ ,ＡＢＲ)测听 ,所有动…     

多发性硬化临床进展

多发性硬化 (ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｓｃｌｅｒｏｓｉｓ,ＭＳ)是一种中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病 ,其病灶多发 ,病程中常有缓解与复发 ,发病年龄 1 0～ 6 0岁 ,以 2 0～ 4 0岁多见。1 病因及发病机理ＭＳ的病因尚不清楚 ,目前认为它是在一定遗传基础上 ,在某些环境因素作用下发生的自身免疫性疾病。病毒感染　动物实验证实多种病毒可引起中枢神经系统脱髓鞘 ,提示本病与病毒感染有关。有人发现ＭＳ病人血液及脑脊液 (ＣＳＦ)内病毒抗体滴定度升高 ,麻疹病毒抗体最高 ,其次为风疹、水痘、腮腺炎病毒抗体。Ｇａｒｒｅｎ认为ＭＳ的中枢神经系统 (ＣＮＳ…     

舍尼通和抗菌药物在慢性非细菌性前列腺炎中治疗作用比较

前列腺炎是泌尿外科常见的疾病 ,目前前列腺炎分为 :急性和慢性细菌性前列腺炎 (ａｃｕｔｅｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｌｐｒｏｓｔａｔｉｔｉｓ,ＡＢＰ ;ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｌｐｒｏｓｔａｔｉｔｉｓ ,ＣＢＰ)、非细菌性前列腺炎 (ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｎｏｎｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｌｐｒｏｓｔａｔｉｔｉｓ ,ＣＮＰ)和前列腺痛 ( ｐｒｏｓｔａｔｉａ) [1] 。关于它的诊治仍有许多误区 ,尤其是抗菌药物在ＣＮＰ的治疗中的价值仍有争论[2 ] 。作者通过对 60例ＣＮＰ患者的治疗 ,试图比较舍尼通和常用抗菌药物治疗的作用。材料和方法1998年 12月～ 19…     

人巨细胞病毒感染与动脉粥样硬化相关性的研究进展

1　研究与回顾[1～ 2 ]4 0年代 ,Ｐａｔｅｒｓｏｎ和Ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ注意到疱疹病毒感染和动脉粥样硬化 (ａｔｈｅｒｏｓｃｌｅｒｏｓｉｓ ,ＡＳ)有很密切关系 ;70年代Ｂｕｒｃｈ观察到柯萨奇Ｂ4病毒与ＡＳ有关 ;Ｆａｂｒｉｃａｔｅ通过动物实验观察到小鸡单纯喂以高胆固醇饮食后不发生ＡＳ ,而给以感染疱疹病毒并喂以普通饮食后则发生ＡＳ ;80年代初 ,Ｆａｂｒｉｃａｔｅ观察到对动物给以疱疹病毒预防接种后 ,可防止内皮细胞过度脂质沉积 ,并对预防ＡＳ有利。2　人巨细胞病毒 (ｈｕｍａｎｃｙｔｏｍｅｇｌｏｖｉｒｕｓ ,ＨＣＭＶ)特点[2 ]在…     

急性胆管炎各主要器官ATP和GSH水平变化的实验研究

本实验采用大鼠胆道梗阻及急性胆管炎模型 ,观察肝、肾、肺、心组织三磷酸腺苷 (ＡＴＰ)及还原型谷胱甘肽 (ＧＳＨ)水平的动态变化。1　材料与方法1.1　动物分组与模型制作　　Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠 ,体重 2 0 0～ 2 5 0ｇ ,随机分为 3组 :(1)急性胆管炎 (Ａｃｕｔｅｃｈｏｌａｎｇｉｔｉｓ ,ＡＣ)组 :动物以 1%戊巴比妥钠 (2 5ｍｇ/ｋｇ体重 )腹腔内注射麻醉后 ,无菌条件下作上腹正中切口 ,游离并双重结扎胆总管 ,同时胆管内注入 0 .2ｍｌＯ111Ｂ4 大肠杆菌菌液 (5× 10 9ｃｆｕ/ｍｌ) ,缝合切口。 (2 )胆道梗阻 (Ｂｉｌｉａｒｙｏｂｓｔｒｕｃ…     

用Ameroid闭合器建立慢性心肌缺血的模型

众所周知 ,冠心病 (ＣＡＤ)发病率高 ,每年美国有6 0 0多万人发病[1] ,严重地影响了患者的身心健康和生活质量。冠心病的治疗性血管生成和心律失常机制的电生理研究需要有可行的动物模型 ,为此 ,我们研究了用Ａｍｅｒｏｉｄ闭合器建立慢性心肌缺血的动物模型。1　材料和方法1.1　材料Ａｍｅｒｏｉｄ闭合器购自ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔｓＳＷ ,呼吸机为Ｂｌｅａｓｅ82 0 0ｓ。实验动物 :体重 2 0～ 30ｋｇ(2 8.0 8± 3.2 6ｋｇ)的雄性Ｙｏｒｋｓｈｉｒｅ猪 15只 ,由郧阳医学院实验动物中心提供 ,术前禁食 12ｈ。1.2　方法实验动…     

同型半胱氨酸促平滑肌细胞增殖的内信号传递途径

同型半胱氨酸 (ｈｏｍｏｃｙｓｔｅｉｎｅ ,Ｈｃｙ)是一种含硫氨基酸 ,是蛋氨酸代谢过程中的重要中间产物。实验研究和临床观察表明 ,血中Ｈｃｙ升高可引起动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成[1 3 ] 。Ｔｓａｉ等[4 ] 报道Ｈｃｙ可刺激大鼠血管平滑肌细胞 (ＶＳＭＣ)增殖 ,然而 ,Ｈｃｙ诱导ＶＳＭＣ增殖的机制至今尚不清楚。我们在培养的Ｗｉｓｔａｒ Ｋｙｏｔｏ(ＷＫＹ)大鼠ＶＳＭＣ上 ,观察Ｈｃｙ的促细胞增作者单位 :10 0 0 83北京医科大学心血管研究所殖效应及其与蛋白激酶Ｃ (ＰＫＣ)、丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(ＭＡＰＫ)、ｃＡＭＰ、Ｃａ2 等的关系…     

白噪声对豚鼠前庭诱发电位的影响

电刺激诱发前庭电位反映单侧耳前庭功能 ,应用临床有着广阔的远景[1] 。目前国内、外的研究仍在动物实验阶段 ,本实验以电刺激方法记录前庭诱发电位 ,探讨白噪声对前庭诱发电位影响的机制。一、材料和方法1 动物与麻醉 :2 0只杂色豚鼠 ,体重 35 0～ 40 0ｇ ,耳蜗、前庭功能正常。氯胺酮 (5 0ｍｇ/ｋｇ)和塞拉嗪 (3.8ｍｇ/ｋｇ)肌注麻醉。实验在屏蔽室内进行 ,动物气管切开以保持呼吸道通畅 ,体温控制在 38℃ ,监测肌张力、体温、呼吸变化 ,并追加麻醉。2 仪器与电极放置 :电刺激及前庭、听觉诱发电位描记由Ｄａｎｔｅｃ公司提供之Ｅｖｏｌ…     

ICE/CED3蛋白酶家族在中枢神经系统损伤中的作用

ＩＣＥ ＣＥＤ 3蛋白酶家族 (以下简称ＩＣＥ ＣＥＤ 3或ｃａｓｐａｓｅ)也叫ｃａｓｐａｓｅ家族 ,它们在细胞凋亡过程中发挥着重要作用。中枢神经系统 (ＣＮＳ)损伤如创伤和缺血 ,以及某些神经变性性疾病 ,如阿尔茨海默病都与ＩＣＥ ＣＥＤ 3介导的细胞凋亡过程有关。深入研究ＩＣＥ ＣＥＤ 3在ＣＮＳ损伤中的作用机制 ,可能有助于指导对ＣＮＳ疾患的临床治疗。1　ＩＣＥ ＣＥＤ 3的一般特性1.1　ＩＣＥ ＣＥＤ 3的概念和构成　ＩＣＥ ＣＥＤ 3家族也叫“ｃａｓｐａｓｅ”家族 ,该词源于“人类ＩＣＥ ＣＥＤ 3蛋白酶命名法则” ,实际上是“…     

不同病区耐苯唑西林葡萄球菌检测分析

自 6 0年代初发现耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Ｍｅｔｈｉｃｉｌｌｉｎ＿ＲｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔＳｔａｐｈｙｌｏｃｏｃｃｉＡｕｒｅｕｓ ,ＭＲＳＡ)后 ,近年来耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌 (Ｍｅｔｈｉｃｉｌｌｉｎ＿ＲｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔＳｔａｐｈｙｌｏｃｏｃｃｉ ,ＭＲＳ)呈上升趋势 ,现已成为医院感染的重要病原菌之一[1] 。以前认为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌 (Ｃｏａｇｕｌａｓｅ＿ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅＳｔａｐｈｙｔｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ,ＣＮＳ)是共栖于人体皮肤、粘膜的非致病菌[2 ] ,但随着静脉导管等植入装置的使用 ,ＣＮＳ已成为有重要临床意义的院内感染病原…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.