Preparing Athletes for Competition in the Heat: Developing an Effective Acclimatization Strategy

ＰＲＥＰＡＲＩＮＧＡＴＨＬＥＴＥＳＦＯＲＣＯＭＰＥＴＩＴＩＯＮＩＮＴＨＥＨＥＡＴ：ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＩＮＧＡＮＥＦＦＥＣＴＩＶＥＡＣＣＬＩＭＡＴＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＳＴＲＡＴＥＧＹＲｏｎａｌｄＪ．Ｍａｕｇｈａｎ，Ｐｈ．ｄ．Ｍｅｍｂｅｒ，ＧＳＳＩＳｐｏｒｔｓＭｅ...     

5-氨基酮戊酸光动力学疗法体外杀伤人喉癌细胞株HEP-2的研究

目的 探讨５－氨基酮戊酸光动力学疗法（ＡＬＡ－ＰＤＴ）体外杀肿瘤细胞的最佳照光时机和最佳照光能量。方法 用ＡＬＡ诱导人喉癌细胞株ＨＥＰ－２产生内源性的原卟啉Ⅸ,以功率密度为３０ｍＷ／ｃｍ＾２的Ｈｅ－Ｈｅ激光,分别照射与ＡＬＡ共同培养１、４、８、１２、４８ｈ的ＨＥＰ－２细胞,并对与ＡＬＡ共同培养８ｈ的ＨＥＰ－２细胞,以同样功率密度的Ｈｅ－Ｈｅ激光,分别照射０．５、１．０、２．０、３．０、４．０ｍｉｎ     

AN EVALUATION OF PREOPERATIVE CT SCANNING FOR SELECT-ING ADAPTIVE NAILS IN 78 CASES OF SHAFT FRACTURE

ＡＮＥＶＡＬＵＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＰＲＥＯＰＥＲＡＴＩＶＥＣＴＳＣＡＮＮＩＮＧＦＯＲＳＥＬＥＣＴ┐ＩＮＧＡＤＡＰＴＩＶＥＮＡＩＬＳＩＮ７８ＣＡＳＥＳＯＦＳＨＡＦＴＦＲＡＣＴＵＲＥＣＡＩＲｕ－ｂｉｎ（蔡汝宾），ＬＩＬｉ－ｑｕｎ（李力群），ＤＥＮＧＬｅｉ（邓磊...     

阳江高本底地区居民中免疫水平与对病毒免疫反应的研究

探讨在天然高本底电离辐射作用下机体的免疫水平与对病毒的免疫反应。方法利用单克隆抗体ＡＰＡＡＰ法检测白细胞介素－２分泌细胞（ＩＬ－２ＳＣ）；利用间接免疫酶法检测抗ＥＢ病毒抗原抗体水平（ＶＣＡ／ＩｇＡ，ＶＣＡ／ＩｇＧ，ＥＡ／ＩｇＡ，ＥＡ／ＩｇＧ）；采用酶标免疫吸附沉淀法检测乙型肝炎（ＨＢＶ）表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ），表面抗原抗体（ＨＢｓＡｂ）和核心抗体（ＨＢｃＡｂ）。结果高本底地区（ＨＢＲＡ）居民外周血淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２ＳＣ频数显著高于对照（ＣＡ）；ＶＣＡ／ＩｇＡ、ＶＣＡ／ＩｇＧ、ＥＡ／ＩｇＧ抗体水平均高于ＣＡ，但仅ＶＣＡ／ＩｇＧ抗体滴度水平存在差异显著性，两地区ＶＣＡ／ＩｇＡ≥１５阳性检出率均显著高于广东地区的平均水平；ＨＢＶ感染率与ＨＢｓＡｂ阳性率为ＨＢＲＡ高于ＣＡ（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论提示长期低水平电离辐射作用机体免疫功能有增强的趋势。     

毫米波辐射孕鼠对仔代的影响

为阐明毫米波导致仔鼠学习记忆功能降低机制，用３７．４ＧＨｚ￣６０ＧＨｚ、１ｍＷ／ｃｍ＾２￣８ｍＷ／ｃｍ＾２毫米波在小鼠怀孕６￣１５天进行２ｈ／ｄ辐射，用电迷宫对仔鼠进行学习记忆功能测试，用ＲＢＡ、ＨＰＬＣ－ＥＣＤ及ＲＩＡ对仔鼠脑Ｍ－Ｒ、单胺递质和ＡＶＰ进行测定。结果显示：随功率密度增加，辐射导致仔鼠学习记忆功能损伤程度加重、脑内ＡＶＰ及ＤＡ水平递减、海马区Ｂｍａｘ递增，５３ＧＨｚ及６０ＧＨｚ辐射导     

高压氧治疗重型颅脑损伤后临床、脑电地形图、血浆内皮素、经颅多普勒超声的研究

目的研究高压氧（ＨＢＯ）治疗重型颅脑损伤（ＳＥＩ）的疗效及机制。方法治疗组３５例,对照组２０例,观察ＨＢＯ前后脑电地形图（ＢＥＡＭ）血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）及经颅多普勒超声（ＴＣＤ）查大脑中动脉收缩期流速,平均流速及搏动指数（ＭＣＡ－Ｖｓ,Ｖｍ,ＰＩ）等７项参数。结果治疗组的临床（ＧＣＳ）,ＢＥＡＭ,预后（ＧＯＳ）均明显迅速改善,与对照组有显著性差异。治疗组在ＨＢＯ１疗程后的ＥＴ值从（９１．２４±１２．１８）ｎｇ／Ｌ降到（６８．８８±１４．３７）ｎｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,与对照组相应时相比较,ＥＴ降至（８３．１２±１２．２２）ｎｇ／Ｌ,也有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。相应的ＴＣＤ的ＭＣＡ－Ｖｍ从（６４．２±４．８）ｃｍ／ｓ降至（５１．６±４．２）ｃｍ／ｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＭＣＡ－Ｖｓ,ＰＩ的下降同样有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＨＢＯ能迅速改善重型颅脑损伤者的意识状态、ＢＥＡＭ异常率及生存质量。研究表明与急性期血浆ＥＴ下降和ＭＣＡ血管痉挛缓解有关,表现在ＭＣＡ血流速度和血管阻力的改善,从而减轻脑缺血缺氧,降低颅压,这是ＨＢＯ改善预后的重要机制之一。     

光动力学疗法治疗实验性视网膜母细胞瘤的疗效观察

目的 :观察实验性视网膜母细胞瘤对新型光敏剂光动力疗法的反应。方法 :采用进口苯并卟啉衍生物 (ＢＰＤ)及自行设计的波长 6 90ｎｍ单色光照光仪 ,功率 15 0Ｗ ,光纤直径 7 5ｍｍ。在裸小鼠皮下移植ＳＯ ＲＢ5 0瘤细胞获得视网膜母细胞瘤模型。按瘤体大小 ,将 33只荷瘤裸小鼠分成Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ和Ｆ组 ,其中Ａ、Ｂ及Ｃ组为ＰＤＴ治疗组 ,Ａ组瘤体厚度≤ 5ｍｍ ,Ｂ组瘤体厚度 >5ｍｍ ,≤ 10ｍｍ ,Ｃ组瘤体厚度 >10ｍｍ。Ｄ、Ｅ及Ｆ组为对照组 ,Ｄ组给光敏剂不照光 ,Ｅ组不给光敏剂而照光 ,Ｆ组既不给光敏剂也不照光。治疗组与对照组在治…     

高原健康人与高原红细胞增多症患者血浆促红细胞生成素含量分析

为了探讨高原红细胞增多症（ＨＡＰＣ）的发病机理,在海拔３６８５ｍ～４５００ｍ的海拔高度对高原人血浆促红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）的含量进行了测定分析,取受检者静脉血,以酶标法测定血浆ＥＰＯ含量。结果显示,健康对照和ＨＡＰＣ患者的血浆ＥＰＯ含量汉族高于藏族,且ＨＡＰＣ患者的血浆ＥＰＯ含量汉族高于藏族,且ＨＡＰＣ患者组高于对照组,差异具有显著意义,藏族ＨＡＰＣ患者血ＥＰＯ含量为（１３．０６±２．１２）ｍＩｕ／ｍｌ,与藏族对照（６．１３±０．５９）ｍＩｕ／ｍｌ和汉族ＨＡＰＣ患者（６１．２４±１９．８９）ｍＩ…     

A Comparison in Healing of Skull Defect Repaired with Four Different Kinds of Graft Materials in Rabbits

ＡＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＩＮＨＥＡＬＩＮＧＯＦＳＫＵＬＬＤＥＦＥＣＴＲＥＰＡＩＲＥＤＷＩＴＨＦＯＵＲＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＫＩＮＤＳＯＦＧＲＡＦＴＭＡＴＥＲＩＡＬＳＩＮＲＡＢ┐ＢＩＴＳＤＩＮＧＺｈｅｎ－ｑｉ（丁真奇）１，ＴＡＮＦｕ－ｓｈｅｎｇ（谭富生）２，...     

AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF LARGE DOSE OF DEXAM-ETHASONE ON POSTOPERATIVE BRAIN EDEMA IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HEAD INJURY

ＡＮＥＶＡＬＵＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＬＡＲＧＥＤＯＳＥＯＦＤＥＸＡＭ┐ＥＴＨＡＳＯＮＥＯＮＰＯＳＴＯＰＥＲＡＴＩＶＥＢＲＡＩＮＥＤＥＭＡＩＮＰＡＴＩＥＮＴＳＷＩＴＨＳＥＶＥＲＥＨＥＡＤＩＮＪＵＲＹＺＨＵＣｈｅｎｇ（朱诚），ＺＨＡＮＧＧｕ...     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.