新疆地区维、汉族缺血性脑卒中患者磷酸二酯酶4D基因单核苷酸多态性的研究

目的探讨新疆地区维、汉族缺血性脑卒中患者磷酸二酯酶4D(PDE4D)基因87位点的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)。方法采用PCR限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)和基因测序方法检测226例缺血性脑卒中患者(病例组,维族110例,汉族116例)和220例无神经系统疾病的患者(对照组,维族102例,汉族118例)PDE4D基因87位点的多态性。对各组基因型分布和等位基因频率进行比较。结果病例组与对照组PDE4D基因87位点的基因型分布比较,差异无统计学意义;病例组PDE4D基因87位点C等位基因频率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。病例组维族亚组PDE4D基因87位点CC型的比率及C等位基因频率明显高于对照组维族亚组(均P<0.05);病例组汉族亚组PDE4D基因87位点CC型的比率及C等位基因频率明显高于对照组汉族亚组(均P<0.05)。病例组中,维族亚组与汉族亚组PDE4D基因87位点的基因型分布及等位基因频率比较,差异无统计学意义;对照组中,维族亚组与汉族亚组PDE4D基因87位点的基因型分布及等位基因频率比较,差异亦无统计学意义。结论 PDE4D基因87位点C等位基因频率增高可能增加缺血性脑卒中发生的风险,此风险在新疆地区维、汉族人群中没有差异。     

磷酸二酯酶4D基因与缺血性脑卒中的研究进展

磷酸二酯酶4D（PDE4D）在人体组织中广泛分布,其活性受环腺苷酸（cAMP）依赖的蛋白激酶（PKA）和细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）调节。PDE4D基因包含1．6Mb,含24个外显子,编码9种蛋白质亚型和至少7个启动子。磷酸二酯酶4D降解cAMP,通过改变cAMP活性,促进动脉粥样硬化形成从而引起缺血性脑卒中发生。PDE4D基因多态性研究,为防治缺血性脑卒中提供了一条重要途径。     

磷酸二酯酶4D基因多态性与缺血性卒中的研究进展

冰岛deCODE研究组报道,编码磷酸二酯酶（Phosphodiesterase,PDE）4D的基因可能使缺血性卒中的危险性增高,这一发现对于缺血性卒中的预防具有重要意义。但是,在世界其他一些国家进行的后续研究中,结果却不尽相同,提示对该基因仍有进一步详细研究的必要。     

磷酸二酯酶4D基因rs33395位点与维吾尔族和汉族缺血性脑卒中的相关性研究

目的：探讨中国维吾尔族和汉族人群中,磷酸二酯酶4D（pde4d）基因rs33395位点的多态性与缺血性脑卒中的相关性。方法：采用PCR限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）和基因测序方法检测病例组（226例缺血性脑卒中患者,其中维吾尔族110例、汉族116例）和对照组（220例无神经系统疾病的患者,其中维吾尔族102例、汉族118例）的pde4d基因rs33395多态性。并对各组基因型分布和等位基因频率进行比较。结果：在病例组和对照组中,CT基因型分布频率最高,T等位基因分布频率高于C等位基因;但各组中,维吾尔族与汉族两民族间及同民族内部基因型和等位基因频率的分布均差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：pde4d基因rs33395可能与维吾尔族、汉族缺血性脑卒中无相关性。     

磷酸二酯酶4D基因SNP83位点与新疆维吾尔族、汉族缺血性脑血管疾病的相关性

目的探讨新疆维吾尔族、汉族磷酸二酯酶4D基因(phosphodiesterase 4D,PDE4D)SNP83位点与缺血性脑血管疾病(ischemic cerebral vascular disease,ICVD)的关系。方法选取新疆地区缺血性脑血管疾病患者207例(维吾尔族109例,汉族98例)与正常对照组216例(维吾尔族110例,汉族106例),应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术检测PDE4D基因SNP83位点多态性,采用病例-对照的关联分析方法进行基因型和等位基因频率分布。结果新疆维、汉两民族PDE4D基因SNP83的基因型和等位基因频率在病例组与对照组间的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);汉族病例组与对照组的基因型和等位基因分布频率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性病例组中PDE4D基因SNP83基因型分布频率和等位基因频率显著高于男性对照组(P<0.05),并发现携带C等位基因的个体发生缺血性脑血管疾病的危险性显著增加,其OR值为6.486(P<0.05)。结论新疆维吾尔族和汉族之间PDE4D基因SNP83多态性存在差异,并发现在汉族、男性人群中PDE4D基因SNP83多态性与缺血性脑卒中的发病风险存在关联。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与缺血性脑血管病的关系

目的载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因多态性对缺血性脑血管疾病(ICVD)发生的影响。方法临床筛选67例缺血性脑血管病病人,利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术进行apoE基因位点的扩增,然后用HhaⅠ酶切DNA扩增产物,进行限制性片断长度多态性分析(RFLP),检测他们的apoE基因型,并与正常对照组比较,并同时检测血脂水平及血流变学指标。结果ICVD组与健康对照组apoE基因型分布无显著差异,不同类型ICVD组apoE基因型分布亦无显著差异。结论apoE基因多态性不是缺血性脑血管病的危险因素。     

河南汉族人群eNOS基因VNTR多态性与缺血性脑血管病的关系

目的 探讨河南汉族人群内皮细胞性一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)基因内含子4可变性重复序列(VN-TR)的多态性与缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)的关系.方法 应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术,检测488例缺血性脑血管病患者的基因型,并与对照组比较.结果 缺血性脑血管病组eNOS基因ab基因型的频率(18.4%)明显高于对照组(13.57%),a等位基因的频率(11.5%)也明显高于对照组(7.7%),差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 eNOS基因ab基因型与缺血性脑血管病有相关性,等位基因a可能是缺血性脑血管病的危险因素.     

胰岛素受体基因多态性与缺血性脑血管病的关系

目的 探讨胰岛素受体（IR）基因突变在缺血性脑血管病发病中的作用。方法 以PCR－单链构像多态性（PCR－SSCP）法对68例动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死（ACI）患者、81例腔隙性脑梗死（LI）患者及62名健康对照者（HC）检测IR基因第17和20外子碱基变异情况。结果 IR基因第17外显子存在C、T两种等位基因,ACI患者突变型T等位基因频率显著高于对照者,且突变型患者血压及血糖、血脂代谢指标均显著高于野生型对照者,但相关分析显示IR基因多态性与血压变化无关;第20外子未发现有碱基变异。结论 IR基因第17外显子突变可能通过促动脉粥样硬化而参与缺血性卒中发病。     

缺血性脑血管病患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性分布

为研究中国汉族缺血性脑血管病（ＩＶＣＤ）患者ＡｐｏＥ基因主等位基因分布状况、随机选择ＩＶＣＤ患者９３例，平均年龄６３．９岁；并选择同龄非ＩＣＶＤ受检者１００例进退这构象多态性（ＳＳＣＰ）技术检测ＡｐｏＥ基因型。主要结果如下：（１）ＩＣＶＤ患者组ＡｐｏＥε３／３频率明显低于同龄对照组，（２）中年组ＩＣＶＤ患者中ε３／３为５６．７８％，明显低且之７３．０７％，ε４／２频率（３１．３７％）较同龄对照组（     

缺血性脑血管病患者载脂蛋白B基因多态性与血脂关系探讨

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ），检测了１０６例正常汉族人及５５例缺血性脑血管病（ＩＣＶＤ）病人的ａｐｏＢ基因ｘｂａⅠ酶切位点限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰｓ）及其与血脂的关系。结果表明ＩＣＶＤ组ｘｂａⅠ酶切位点上Ｘ＋的等位基因频率明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．００５）；ＩＣＶＤ组中具Ｘ＋Ｘ－基因型者的血浆ＨＤＬ－Ｃ较Ｘ－Ｘ－基因型者明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＬＰ（ａ）和ＴＣ明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００５）。提示ａｐｏＢ基因多态分析结合血浆脂蛋白测定更能有效地检测ＩＣＶＤ易患人群。     

Relationship of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene polymorphisms with risk of ischemic stroke: a hospital based case-control study

Background: Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for around 80–85% of total stroke and is a complex polygenic multi-factorial disorder which is affected by a complex combination of vascular, environmental, and genetic factors.

Objective: The study was conducted with an aim to examine the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PDE4D (T83C, C87T, and C45T) gene with increasing risk of IS in patients in North Indian population.

Methods: In this hospital-based case-control study, 250 IS subjects and 250 age-and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled from the Neurosciences Centre, A.I.I.M.S., New Delhi, India. Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) were extracted using the conventional Phenol–Chloroform isolation method. Different genotypes were determined by Polymerase chain reaction– Restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of relationship of polymorphisms with risk of IS were calculated by conditional multivariable regression analysis.

Results: High blood pressure, low socioeconomic status, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and family history of stroke were observed to be statistically significant risk factors for IS. Multivariable adjusted analysis demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between SNP 83 of PDE4D gene polymorphism and increasing odds of IS under the dominant model of inheritance (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.50; p value = 0.04) after adjustment of potential confounding variables. Stratified analysis on the basis of TOAST classification demonstrated a statistically significant association for increasing 2.73 times odds for developing large vessel disease stroke as compared to controls (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.16 to 0.02; p value = 0.02). We did not find any significant association of SNPs (C87T and C45T) of the PDE4D gene with the risk of IS.

Conclusion: SNP 83 of PDE4D gene may increase the risk for developing IS whereas SNP 87 and SNP45 of PDE4D may not be associated with the risk of IS in the North Indian population. Prospective cohort studies are required to corroborate these findings.     

磷酸二酯酶4D与缺血性脑卒中及认知功能障碍的关系

磷酸二酯酶（Phosphodiesterase,PDEs）是一类具有催化、水解细胞内第二信使（cAMP,环磷酸腺苷或cGMP,环磷酸鸟苷）,使其转变为失去活性的单核苷酸的酶类。其通过降解细胞内cAMP或cGMp[1],从而调节cAMP（cGMP）／PKA（PKG）／CREB等信号传导通路,进一步调控细胞内信号传导强度及作用时间,并因此产生其作用,如抗炎、改善记忆、调节认知功能等。     

Association of phosphodiesterase 4D gene G0 haplotype and ischaemic stroke in a Greek population

We have examined the association of phosphodiesterase 4D ( PDE4D ) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP45) and microsatellite marker AC008818-1 with ischaemic stroke, in an independent cohort of Greek patients and control individuals with no clinical manifestations of vascular disease. Significantly different distributions were observed with respect to the AC008818-1 alleles, with allele 148 associating with an increased risk of stroke incidence, and allele 144 with a protective effect. In addition, the haplotype defined by allele 148 and G allele of SNP45 was found to be significantly increased in patients even though no statistically significant differences emerged with respect to SNP45 alone. The previously established association of a PDE4D gene haplotype with ischaemic stroke in a population from Iceland was independently confirmed in our Greek population, suggesting that PDE4D may be involved in the aetiology and pathogenesis of stroke.     

Association between PDE4D gene and ischemic stroke: recent advancements

Stroke is a severe complication and a leading cause of death worldwide and genetic studies among different ethnicities has provided the basis for involvement of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene in cerebrovascular diseases. Recent advancements have evaluated the role of this gene in stroke and these studies have provided a stronger support for the involvement of this gene in stroke development and few studies also suggest that it may influence outcome. Furthermore, case-control studies and meta-analysis studies have provided strong evidence for certain variants in PDE4D to predispose to stroke only among certain ethnicities. Thus, this review focuses on recent progress made in PDE4D gene research involving genetic, molecular and pharmacological aspect. A strong conclusion has emerged that clearly indicates a pivotal role played by this gene in ischemic stroke globally. Studies have also noticeably highlighted that PDE4D gene/pathway can be a suitable drug target for managing stroke; however, a more comprehensive research is still required to understand the molecular and cellular intricacies this gene plays in stroke development, progression and its outcome.     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的相关性

目的 探讨载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死(ACI)的相关性.方法 运用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测92例ACI患者(<60岁42例,≥60岁50例)和50名性别年龄相匹配的正常对照者的ApoE基因型,并进行比较. 结果 ApoE 3/4基因型频率和ε4等位基因频率ACI组为30.4%和19.6%,正常对照组为2%和3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05).ACI<60岁组和≥60岁组间,ApoE基因型频率和等位基因频率差异无统计学意义.结论 ApoE基因多态性与ACI发病相关,ε4等位基因可能是ACI的易感基因之一.     

纤维蛋白原基因多态性与缺血性心脑血管病的相关性研究

目的探讨Aα纤维蛋白原58G/A基因多态性与血浆纤维蛋白原(Fg)水平、功能及与缺血性脑血管病的相关性。方法用PCRRFLPs技术检测54例缺血性心脑血管病患者和70例健康对照者的Aα58G/A基因多态性;采用血浆Fg功能自动检测系统测定血浆水平及功能。结果A等位基因频率在病例组为0.315,对照组为0.271,2组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);病例组血浆Fg水平及功能显著高于对照组;病例组A等位基因携带者血浆Fg功能高于GG基因型组(P=0.038)。结论中国汉族人群存在A58G/A基因多态性;虽然缺血性心脑血管病患者不仅血浆Fg水平增高而且伴有Fg功能增强,但A等位基因不显著影响血浆Fg水平,与缺血性心脑血管病的发病无明显关系。