左室舒张性心功能障碍超声左心形态,功能及运动耐量的改…

对核素心血池扫描证实的５０例左室舒张性心功能障碍病例，２６例左室收缩性心功能障碍病例进行Ｍ型，二维，多普勒超声心动图及活动平板运动试验检测，并以２０例正常人对照组。结果表明：１．左心形态学改变：与ＬＶＳＨＦ组比较，ＬＶＤＤ组左房内径，左室内径无明显增加，室间隔厚度，左室后壁厚度增加。与ＣＧ组比较，ＬＶＤＤ组ＬＡＤ，ＩＶＳＴ，ＰＷＴ增加，但ＬＶＤ差异无显著性。     

左室舒张性心力衰竭左室舒张功能与运动耐量关系的研究

采用二维、Ｍ型、多普勒超声心动图及活动平板运动耐量试验检测４０例左室舒张性心力衰竭（ＬＶＤＨＦ）患者，并与２０例正常人对照。发现ＬＶＤＨＦ患者运动耐量减退，其运动耐量减退与左室收缩功能参数无关，而与左室舒张功能参数Ｅ峰最大流速（ＥＰＦＶ）、ＥＰＦＶ／Ａ峰最大流速（ＡＰＦＶ）、Ｅ峰减速度呈负相关，与ＡＰＦＶ呈正相关。并且与间接反映左室舒张功能障碍的左房内径、心肌重量指数呈负相关。     

移植心脏形态功能改变与超声心动图评价

心脏移植是目前治疗终末期心力衰竭患者的最佳措施。随着相关技术的进步和完善,心脏移植患者的 1 年生存率已达81.5%, 3 年生存率达75.2%〔1〕。在国内 1978~1993 年间仅 6 个单位施行7例心脏移植手术。1994年后,我国心脏移植病例逐年增多。超声心动图检查在心脏移植的术前、术中及术后监测中有着十分重要的作用。1　对移植心脏形态和功能的评价1.1　瓣膜形态及功能移植心脏瓣膜反流的发生机制目前并不完全清楚,但心脏移植术重建了形态异常的心房,使供 受体心房收缩不一致,是导致瓣膜反流的原因之一。心脏移植术后,彩色多普勒超声检出二…     

经胸超声心动图多切面扫查法对左心耳及左心耳血栓的显示效果

目的探讨经胸超声心动图多切面扫查法对左心耳的显示及左心耳血栓检出的效果。方法入选32例心房颤动(房颤)患者,分别采用经胸二维超声心动图多切面扫查法及常规扫查法显示左心耳,并记录左心耳血栓的发生情况。常规扫查法采用调整的大动脉短轴切面进行观察,多切面扫查法在调整的大动脉短轴及其临近切面基础上同时进行调整的左心两腔切面及其邻近切面进行观察。以经食管超声心动图检查作为左心耳血栓检出的"金标准",比较多切面扫查法和常规扫查法对左耳血栓检出的敏感性、特异性。结果经胸超声心动图对左心耳的显示率:常规扫查法为50.0%,多切面扫查法为81.2%,两种方法左心耳的显示率有统计学差异(P0.05)。常规扫查法检出左心耳血栓的敏感性为27.3%、特异性90.5%;多切面扫查法检出左心耳血栓的敏感性为63.6%,特异性为95.2%。对于左心耳血栓的检出,多切面扫查法与经食管超声心动图一致性更好,优于常规扫查法。结论多切面扫查法能提高经胸超声心动图对左心耳的显示效果及左心耳血栓的检出,具有一定的临床实用价值。     

卡维地洛对冠心病心力衰竭患者左室功能及运动耐量的影响

目的 探讨卡维地洛对冠心病充血性心力衰竭患者左室功能及运动耐量的影响.方法 选择冠心病心力衰竭患者71例,左室射血分数(LVEF)≤45%,心功能(mmA)Ⅱ-Ⅳ级,在常规药物治疗[洋地黄、利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂]的基础上将其随机分为卡维地洛组和对照组.观察治疗前及治疗6个月后血流动力学、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末内径(LVESD)及6分钟步行距离(6-MWD)等指标的变化,并对心功能及运动耐量进行评估.结果 经过6个月治疗,卡维地洛组患者症状和心功能改善,与对照组比较LVEF上升[(44.38±6.08)%及(38.57±7.32)%,P<0.01],LVEDD、LVESD、血压及心率明显下降(P<0.05),6分钟步行距离与对照组及治疗前相比有所提高(P<0.01).结论 在洋地黄、利尿剂、ACEI治疗的基础上,应用卡维地洛能显著改善冠心病心力衰竭患者的心功能,提高运动耐量.     

卡维地洛对慢性充血性心衰患者左室功能及运动耐量的影响

选择82例NYHA心功能Ⅱ-Ⅳ级慢性充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患者,随机分两组。常规治疗组用洋地黄、利尿剂及血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂及硝酸盐类治疗,卡维地洛组在常规治疗基础上加用卡维地洛。治疗24周后,应用超声心动图测量左室收缩末及舒张末容积（LVESV及LVEDV）、左室射血分数（LVEF）评价左室功能,6min步行距离评价运动耐量。发现卡维地洛组治疗后LVESV及LVEDV均较治疗前明显下降,LVEF及6 min步行距离明显增加,但常规治疗组变化不明显。提示卡维地洛能改善CHF患者左室功能及运动耐量。     

康复运动对老年心血管病患者左室功能及运动耐量的影响

目的:探讨康复运动训练对老年心血管疾病患者左室功能及运动耐量的影响。方法:102例冠心病患者被随机分为冠心病康复组和对照组,各51例,另有高血压病患者51例(高血压康复组)。冠心病康复组和高血压康复组进行有指导的康复运动训练,对照组未进行运动训练。运动训练前及24周后查血压、血脂、心脏超声、颈动脉超声、心电图平板负荷试验、6 min步行试验等项目。结果:与对照组比较,冠心病康复组和高血压康复组的左室射血分数(LVEF)明显增加[(66.2±6.26)%:(69.53±5.04)%:(68.41±5.08)%,P0.05],颈动脉斑块明显缩小[左斑块(2.14±1.62)mm:(1.21±0.87)mm:(1.35±1.35)mm,右斑块(1.81±0.93)mm:(1.01±0.89)mm:(1.12±0.95)mm,P均0.05],6 min步行距离明显增加[(359.27±89.58)m:(457.12±62.05)m:(426.45±52.68)m,P0.01],自感劳累分级减少[(14.84±0.78):(14.35±0.66):(14.39±0.60),P0.01]。上述指标冠心病康复组和高血压康复组间的比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:康复运动训练可改善心血管疾病患者的心脏功能,提高运动耐量和生活质量,减少心血管疾病的危险因素,有利患者回归社会和家庭。     

急性心肌梗死后早期左室形态变化的研究

目的 :探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)发病后 1～ 3周内左室形态、构型的动态变化。方法 :应用二维超声心动图 (2 - DE)对 32例 AMI患者分别于发病后第 1周、第 2周和第 3周连续测量并计算左室形态、构型的各项指标 ,对其结果进行对比分析 ,并与 33例正常人进行对照。结果 :32例 AMI患者中 ,14例 (44 % )发生左室重构(L VR) ,有明显的左室形态及构型变化 ,从 1周到 3周 AMI患者左室形态的变化呈进行性加重 ,以第 3周最为显著 ,且重构组的改变较非重构组为明显。结论 :AMI后左室形态、构型的改变与 AMI后早期 L VR密切相关     

肝硬变患者左心结构和功能的变化

目的 研究肝硬变患者的左心结构及其功能。 方法 采用M型、二维和多普勒超声心动图对24例肝硬变患者进行左心结构、收缩和舒张功能的检测。 结果 发现肝硬变患者与对照组相比左房内径、主动脉根部,左心排血量及每搏量明显增大或增加;而左心舒张功能明显减退(P<0.05-0.01)。 结论 肝硬变患者左心结构及其功能明显异常,其原因可能与肝硬化患者长期代谢紊乱和液递物质改变有关。     

糖尿病患者左室超声背向散射改变的初步观察

目的　了解 2型糖尿病 (T2 DM)心肌背向散射 (IBS)变化的特点及其临床意义。　方法正常对照组 5 0例 ,T2 DM组 5 0例 ,病程≤ 5年 ,糖化血红蛋白 (Hb A1c) (9.6 9± 1.78) % ,应用HP5 5 0 0型超声诊断仪 ,在胸骨旁左室乳头肌短轴切面分别测量左心室前间壁、前壁、侧壁、后壁、下壁和后间隔心肌组织的 IBS,并将其与心包 IBS的比值作为心肌 IBS的校正值 (IB% ) ;舒张末期与收缩末期的差值即 CVIB,并将其与心包 IBS的比值作为心肌 CVIB的校正值 (CVIB% )。同时测定左室等容舒张期时间 (IVRT) ,二尖瓣血流图 E峰与 A峰的比值 (E/ A )。　结果　 T2 DM组心脏左室各室壁心肌背向散射参数与正常对照组比较 IB%增大 ,CVIB减低 ,差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,两组IVRT、E/ A均在正常范围 (P>0 .0 5 )。　结论　 T2 DM患者左室 IBS有明显的变化且呈弥漫性改变 ,左室 IBS的变化出现在舒张功能异常 (糖尿病心肌病亚临床期 )之前 ,背向散射技术可早期发现糖尿病心肌微结构的病变     

Left ventricular diastolic and systolic function during isometric exercise: an echocardiographic study

Normal subjects of both sexes between 20 and 63 years were examined with M-mode echocardiography. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic function were measured at rest and at the end of a standardized maximal isometric handgrip test. BP and HR increased about 25%. This increase in cardiac work had no significant influence on LV systolic function. Diastolic function (myocardial relaxation and maximum rate of LV filling), however, improved significantly. Isometric handgrip test is a suitable exercise test in combination with M-mode echocardiography. Studies on LV function during exercise may improve the sensitivity for detection of mild LV dysfunction.     

Worsening of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction during exercise causes decreased exercise tolerance in hypertension

BACKGROUND: Exercise tolerance is reduced in hypertension. Hypertension affects left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling by causing abnormal relaxation and decreasing compliance. HYPOTHESIS: This study was designed to determine whether worsening of LV diastolic dysfunction during exercise causes decreased exercise tolerance in hypertension. METHODS: Left ventricular diastolic filling parameters were examined at mitral valve by Doppler echocardiography at rest and at peak exercise in hypertensive patients and were compared with those of age- and gender-matched normotensive individuals. Treadmill exercise stress test was performed according to the Bruce protocol and the exercise time was recorded. RESULTS: Exercise time was significantly shorter in the hypertensive group than that in the normotensive group (320 +/- 29 vs. 446 +/- 38 s, p 0.03). The hypertensive group demonstrated abnormal relaxation pattern of diastolic mitral inflow at rest, which became pseudonormal at peak exercise (E/A velocity ratio, rest 0.86 +/- 0.06 vs. exercise 1.19 +/- 0.09, p < 0.001). The diastolic mitral inflow pattern remained normal at peak exercise in the normotensive group. The deceleration time and the pressure half time of early mitral inflow at peak exercise were significantly shorter in the hypertensive group than those in the normotensive group (deceleration time, 182 +/- 20 vs. 238 +/- 22 ms, p 0.02: pressure half time, 54 +/- 5 vs. 70 +/- 12 ms, p 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that reduced exercise tolerance in hypertension is associated with worsening of diastolic dysfunction during exercise consistent with an increase in left atrial pressure.     

Left atrial volume provides independent and incremental information compared with exercise tolerance parameters in patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Objective

Left atrial volume (LAV) is a powerful predictor of outcome in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) independently of symptomatic status, age and left ventricular (LV) function. It is unknown whether LAV provides independent and incremental information compared with exercise tolerance parameters.

Methods

273 patients with CHF (mean (SD) 62 (9) years; 13% female) prospectively underwent echocardiography and exercise testing with maximal oxygen consumption (Vo₂). The primary end point was composite and included cardiac death, hospitalisation for worsening heart failure or cardiac transplantation.

Results

At Cox proportional hazard analysis, LAV normalised for body surface area (LAV/BSA) was strongly associated with mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.027 (95% CI 1.018 to 1.04), p<0.001). The predictive value of LAV/BSA was independent of Vo₂ and LV ejection fraction (EF) (HR = 1.014 (1.002 to 1.025), p = 0.02; HR = 0.95 (0.91 to 0.99), p = 0.02; HR = 0.89 (0.82 to 0.98), p = 0.02 for LAV/BSA, EF and Vo₂, respectively). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified the best cut‐off values for prediction of the end point. LAV/BSA >63 ml, EF <30% and Vo₂ <16 ml/kg/min were considered to be risk factors. Patients with three risk factors had an HR of 38 (95% CI 11 to 129) compared with patients with no risk factors.

Conclusion

LAV provides powerful prognostic information incrementally and independently of Vo₂. LAV, EF and Vo₂ can be used to build a risk prediction model, which can be used clinically.     

Doppler echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular filling dynamics in patients with coronary heart disease and normal systolic function

The purpose of this study was to assess altered left ventriculardiastolic filling by noninvasive means in patients with coronaryartery disease and normal systolic pump function. Mitral inflowvelocity was measured by pulsed Doppler, and left ventricularvolumes were obtained from cross-sectional echocardiographyat rest and during upright bicycle exercise. Peak and integratedearly and late diastolic filling velocities were calculatedfrom Doppler-derived time-velocity curves. Studies were performedin normal subjects (group I, n = 8) and in patients with angiographicallyproven coronary artery disease (Group II, n = 18). The ejectionfraction was not significantly different in group II as comparedto group I (group 1, 60 ± 7%; group II, 55 ± 11%).During exercise, ejection fraction increased significantly ingroup I by 7·6%, but did not increase in group II. Inall cases, diastolic filling showed a biphasic pattern. At rest,the major part of diastolic filling occurred during early diastole:the ratio of early filling velocity integral (E) to the latefilling velocity integral (L) was significantly greater in groupI than in group II (group I, 1·74 ± 37; groupII, 1·19 ±·3, P<0·001). Duringexercise, early diastolic filling was unchanged in normal subjectsbut decreased in patients, with a significant decrease in E/Lindex of 34% (P < 0·001). Thus, pulsed Doppler echocardiography provides a useful methodfor assessing noninvasively exercise-induced changes in leftventricular diastolic filling dynamics in patients with coronaryartery disease.     

Cardiac correlates of exercise induced pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) may develop pulmonary hypertension at rest and during exercise. The cardiac correlates of pulmonary hypertension have been ascertained in the resting state, but seldom during exercise in these patients. AIMS: We sought to determine the cardiac correlates of exercise induced pulmonary hypertension in patients with LVSD by monitoring the estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) by continuous Doppler echocardiography during semirecumbent bicycle exercise. METHODS: Eighty-five patients (mean age 57 +/- 13 years, 75% male) with CHF due to LVSD (LV ejection fraction [EF] <45%, mean LVEF 26 +/- 8%) were studied. RESULTS: Mitral effective regurgitant orifice area and E-wave were independent predictors of resting PASP. Resting PASP and exercise induced changes in PASP were unrelated (r =-0.08, P = 0.45). Decrease in LV end-systolic volume, increase in left atrial (LA) area, resting LV asynchrony, and decreased tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were independent predictors of exercise PASP. CONCLUSIONS: Resting LV asynchrony, impaired LV contractile reserve, and increase in LA dilatation correlate with the severity of exercise induced pulmonary hypertension in patients with CHF due to LVSD, while right ventricular systolic dysfunction is inversely related to the severity of exercise induced pulmonary hypertension.     

Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular end diastolic pressure in patients with diastolic heart failure: A comparative study with real-time catheterization

To evaluate the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in patients with diastolic heart failure by echocardiography and explore the clinical value of echocardiography.From July 2017 to January 2018, 120 patients were prospectively selected from the affiliated hospital of Jiangsu university diagnosed as diastolic heart failure (York Heart Association class ≥II, LVEF ≥50%). The patients were divided into group with LVEDP ≤15 mm hg (1 mm hg = 0.133 kpa) (43 cases) and the group with LVEDP >15 mm hg (77 cases) according to the real-time measurement of LVEDP. Receiver operator characteristic curves of each parameter of echocardiography in diagnosis of LVEDP were compared between the 2 groups.Common ultrasonic parameters such as left ventricular inflow tract blood flow propagation velocity, mitral valve diastole e peak velocity/mitral valve diastole a peak velocity, e peak deceleration time, a peak duration, and early diastole interventricular septum bicuspid annulus velocity e’ (e''sep) were used to evaluate LVEDP elevation with low accuracy (AUC is only between 0.5 and 0.7). Other ultrasonic parameters such as left atrial volume index (LAVI), tricuspid regurgitation maximum flow rate (TRmax), early diastole left ventricular sidewall bicuspid annulus velocity e’ (e’lat), average e’, E/e''sep, E/e’lat, average E/e’ were used to evaluate LVEDP elevation with a certain improvement in accuracy (AUC between 0.7 and 0.9). Propagation velocity, mitral valve diastole e peak velocity/mitral valve diastole a peak velocity, e peak deceleration time, a peak duration, e''sep, average e’, E/e''sep have very low correlation with LVEDP (r = −0.283 to 0.281); LAVI, TRmax, e’lat, E/e’lat, average E/e’ and LVEDP are not highly correlated (r = 0.330–0.478). Through real-time left ventricular manometry, multiple regression analysis showed that TRmax, average e’, e’lat, LAVI were independently correlated with the actual measured LVEDP.Echocardiography can recognize the increase of LVEDP in patients with heart failure preserved by LVEF, and estimate the value of LVEDP roughly, which can reflect LVEDP to a certain extent, with high feasibility and accuracy.     

Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic indices of left ventricular diastolic function in normal subjects.

To establish the normal limits for various pulsed Doppler echocardiographic indices of left ventricular diastolic function, 92 healthy volunteers aged from 5 to 75 years were prospectively studied. The influence of various variables including age, gender, body surface area, fractional shortening, and left ventricular mass on these parameters was also assessed. Mean (2SD) values for 15 direct and 11 derived parameters were analyzed from transmitral inflow velocity waveform. No statistically significant differences were observed between males and females for any of these parameters. On stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis, age was found to be an independent strong determinant (p less than 0.001) of peak velocity of early diastolic filling wave, area of atrial filling period, deceleration slope, normalized peak filling rate, and early filling fraction. There was a significant correlation between heart rate and time to peak early diastolic velocity, total diastolic time period, early diastolic period, atrial filling period, and atrial filling fraction. It was further observed that a significant correlation (p less than 0.001) persisted between both age and heart rate with area of early filling period, one-third filling area, one-half filling area, ratio of early to atrial peak velocity and area, atrial filling fraction, and one-third filling fraction. None of the parameters were found to correlate with fractional shortening or left ventricular mass. Thus an effort was made to establish normal limits for various Doppler-derived parameters in healthy volunteers for future comparison in diseased states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of systemic hypertension on right ventricular morphology and function: an echocardiographic study

Background

Hypertension is an important cardiovascular risk factor worldwide. It is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Both diastolic and systolic dysfunction may occur in hypertensive heart disease. The ventricles are structurally and functionally interdependent on each other. This was an echocardiographic study intended to describe the impact of left ventricular pressure overload and hypertrophy due to hypertension on right ventricular morphology and function.

Methods

One hundred subjects with systemic hypertension and 50 age- and gender-matched normotensive control subjects were used for this study. Two-dimensional (2-D), M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic studies were done to evaluate the structure and function of both ventricles. Data analysis was done using the SPSS 16.0 (Chicago, Ill). Statistical significance was taken as p < 0.05.

Results

Age and gender were comparable between the two groups. Hypertensive subjects had significantly increased left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions, posterior wall thickness, interventricular septal thickness, left atrial dimensions and left ventricular mass and index. The mitral valve E/A ratio was reduced among hypertensive subjects when compared to normal controls (1.15 ± 0.75 vs 1.44 ± 0.31, respectively; p < 0.05). A similar pattern was found in the tricuspid E/A ratio (1.14 ± 0.36 vs 1.29 ± 0.30, respectively; p < 0.05). Hypertensive subjects also had reduced right ventricular internal dimensions (20.7 ± 8.0 vs 23.1 ± 3.1 mm, respectively; p < 0.001) but similar peak pulmonary systolic velocity. The mitral e/a ratio correlated well with the tricuspid e/a ratio.

Conclusion

Systemic hypertension is associated with right ventricular morphological and functional abnormalities. Right ventricular diastolic dysfunction may be an early clue to hypertensive heart disease.     

老年舒张性心力衰竭与收缩性心力衰竭患者左心形态及功能的超声评价

目的　探讨老年舒张性心力衰竭与收缩性心力衰竭患者超声左心形态、功能的特点。方法　对临床确诊的 30例老年左心室舒张性心力衰竭 (L VDHF)病例及 36例老年左心室收缩性心力衰竭 (L VSHF)病例进行超声检测 ,以2 0例正常人为对照组。结果　 1与 L VSHF组比较 ,L VDHF组左心房内径 (L AD)、左心室内径 (L VD)扩大程度小 ,但室间隔厚度 (IVST)、左心室后壁厚度 (PWT)增加。 2与对照组比较 ,L VDHF组 L AD、IVST、PWT增加 ,但L VD无显著性差异 ,L VSHF组 L VD显著性扩大。 3L VDHF组左心室射血分数 (L VEF)、心脏指数 (CI)与对照组比较无显著差异 ,而 L VSHF组 L VEF、CI减低。4与对照组比较 ,L VDHF组二尖瓣舒张早期流速峰值 (EPFV)、二尖瓣舒张早、晚期流速峰值比 (E/ A )、舒张早期减速度 (DC)减低 ,二尖瓣舒张晚期流速峰值 ((APFV )、等容舒张时间 (IRT)增高。L VDHF组上述指标与 L VSHF组无显著差异。结论　难以单纯从超声左心室舒张功能指标判断有无 L VDHF的存在 ,应综合分析判断。