低频重复经颅磁刺激对脑梗死患者恢复期运动功能的影响

目的:探讨低频重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)对脑梗死患者恢复期运动功能障碍的影响。方法:120例脑梗死恢复期患者随机分入r TMS患侧刺激组、健侧刺激组和对照组,每组各40例患者,对照组给予常规药物治疗及康复训练。在对照组治疗基础上患侧刺激组给予M1区100%运动阈值(MT)的r TMS,健侧刺激组给予M1区70%MT的r TMS。比较三组患者治疗前后的Fugl-Meyer评分(FMA)、Barthel指数(BI)、运动诱发电位(motion evoked potential,MEP)潜伏期并计算中枢运动传导时间(centermotion conduction time,CMCT)。结果:治疗后与治疗前相比,三组患者的FMA评分、BI及MEP潜伏期、CMCT均改善(P0.05),r TMS组治疗后优于对照组(P0.05),但两治疗组间上述指标无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:低频r TMS可改善脑梗死恢复期的神经功能缺损,提高患者生活自理能力,改善生存质量。     

周围神经电刺激对脑卒中患者运动皮质兴奋性的影响

目的:探讨周围神经电刺激(peripheral nerve stimulation,PNS)对脑卒中患者运动皮质兴奋性的影响。方法:将31例亚急性期脑卒中患者随机分为治疗组(15例)和对照组(16例)。两组患者在接受当日常规康复治疗之外,治疗组和对照组还分别接受2h的偏瘫侧上肢尺神经和桡神经的PNS治疗和伪PNS治疗。以患手第一骨间背侧肌为靶肌肉,在治疗前和治疗后应用经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS)检测卒中侧大脑静息运动阈值(resting motor threshold,r MT)、运动诱发电位募集曲线(recruitment curve,RC)、运动诱发电位峰值(peak motor evoked potential,p MEP)、皮质静息期(cortical silent period,CSP)等。结果:治疗前两组患者各相关指标均无显著性差异(P0.05)。治疗组患者接受PNS治疗后,RC斜率(P=0.01)及p MEP波幅(P=0.02)均显著增高,而r MT和CSP持续时间无显著变化(P0.05);对照组患者接受伪PNS治疗前后,各运动皮质兴奋性指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。重复测量方差分析显示RC斜率和p MEP波幅的时间×组别的交互效应显著(P=0.030和0.033),提示治疗前后RC斜率和p MEP波幅的变化两组之间差异具有显著性。结论:单次2h的偏瘫侧上肢周围神经电刺激可以增强亚急性期脑卒中患者患侧大脑运动皮质兴奋性。     

重复经颅磁刺激对脑梗死患者上肢运动功能的影响

目的:研究不同频率重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)对脑梗死偏瘫患者上肢运动功能的影响。方法:符合入组条件完成研究的45例患者按随机数字表法分为低频刺激组(14例)、假rTMS组(14例)和高频刺激组(17例)。所有患者均给予常规药物治疗和康复训练,低频刺激组则在非受累侧初级运动皮质区(M1区)进行1Hz的rTMS治疗;高频刺激组及假rTMS组则在患侧M1区给予10Hz的rTMS治疗;所有患者接受2周治疗,每周5天。分别于治疗前、治疗2周后对患者进行评估,包括患侧脑区运动诱发电位(MEP)皮质潜伏期、中枢运动传导时间(CMCT)、患侧上肢Fugl-Meyer评分(FMA)、患侧上肢MAS量表,将各组所得数据进行统计学分析比较。结果:(1)治疗前,3组患者上述指标组间比较,差异均无显著性意义(P0.05);(2)神经电生理学变化:治疗2周后,3组患者的MEP皮质潜伏期、CMCT均较组内治疗前缩短(P0.05);1Hz组和10Hz组较前明显缩短且优于假r TMS组(P0.05);1Hz组和10Hz组组间比较差异无显著性意义(P0.05);(3)上肢功能改善:治疗2周后,3组患者上肢FMA评分均较组内治疗前提高(P0.05),其中1Hz组和10Hz组与假rTMS组比较有显著性意义(P0.05);但1Hz组和10Hz组组间比较差异无显著性意义(P0.05);(4)3组患者患侧上肢MAS量表评分均较组内治疗前有明显增加,有显著性差异(P0.05),但3组患者治疗后MAS评分组间比较,差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:高频及低频rTMS治疗均有利于脑梗死患者上肢运动功能的恢复且两者间疗效无明显差异。     

1Hz重复经颅磁刺激对缺血性脑卒中后上肢运动功能的疗效

目的观察1 Hz重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)对缺血性脑卒中后偏瘫上肢运动功能康复的效果。方法 40例缺血性脑卒中后上肢偏瘫患者被随机分配到治疗组(n=20)和对照组(n=20)。两组均给予常规康复治疗,治疗组采用r TMS刺激健侧皮层M1区,对照组给予假刺激。治疗后采用运动诱发电位(MEPs)、Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能评分(FMA)和握力进行评定。结果治疗后,治疗组患侧MEPs振幅显著升高(P0.001)。治疗组握力和FMA评分显著优于对照组(P0.001),并至少可持续到治疗结束后1个月。所有患者均能耐受10次治疗,无严重不良反应发生。结论 r TMS刺激健侧皮层M1区可改善缺血性脑卒中后偏瘫上肢的运动功能。     

低频重复经颅磁刺激对脑卒中恢复期患者功能康复的影响

探讨低频重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)对脑卒中恢复期患者功能康复的影响。选取2015年2月~2017年2月我院收治的脑卒中患者70例,将其随机分为两组,各35例。对照组采用常规药物疗法、康复训练及假刺激疗法,观察组在药物治疗与康复训练基础上运用低频r TMS治疗。比较两组运动功能、日常生活能力评分以及运动诱发电位(MEP)潜伏期与中枢运动传导时间(CMCT)。观察组运动功能、日常生活能力评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组MEP潜伏期与CMCT均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在脑卒中恢复期患者治疗中,低频r TMS可显著增强康复训练效果,提高患者肢体运动功能,改善日常生活能力,是一种无创、安全、有效的新型治疗方式,值得应用。     

应用定量脑电图探讨低频重复经颅磁刺激干预亚急性期运动性失语症机制的研究

目的:通过观察定量脑电图(QEEG)在低频重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)干预亚急性期运动性失语患者前后的变化,进一步探讨其机制。方法:将30例脑卒中后亚急性期运动性失语患者随机分为r TMS组与假刺激组各15例。两组患者均给予常规药物治疗及言语训练,r TMS组在右侧大脑半球Broca镜像区给予低频r TMS治疗,连续治疗3周。最终两组各脱落2例。于治疗前和治疗3周后(治疗后)行定量脑电图检查,比较各个频段上(δ+θ)/(α+β)值的差异,并采用西方失语成套测验(WAB)评定治疗前后的言语功能。结果:治疗后,两组患者在FP1、F3、F7、T3、C3频段(δ+θ)/(α+β)值下降,差异有显著性意义(P0.01);r TMS组在F3频段(δ+θ)/(α+β)值下降较假刺激组明显,差异有显著性意义(P0.01);r TMS组治疗前后自发言语、复述、命名以及失语商(AQ)分的差值较假刺激组大,差异有显著性意义(P0.05);相关分析显示r TMS组在FP1、F3、F7、T3、C3频段上,治疗前后的(δ+θ)/(α+β)差值与AQ差值呈负相关,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:低频r TMS刺激右侧大脑半球Broca镜像区能改善亚急性期运动性失语患者的言语功能,定量脑电图的变化提示了低频r TMS能促进左侧大脑皮质神经电活动变化。     

不同强度低频重复经颅磁刺激对脑卒中后上肢运动功能障碍的疗效

目的探讨不同强度低频(1 Hz)重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)刺激健侧大脑半球M1区对缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能康复的效果。方法 2014年12月~2015年12月,60例缺血性脑卒中后上肢偏瘫患者随机分为高强度组(n=20)、低强度组(n=20)和对照组(n=20)。三组均给予常规康复,高强度组r TMS每天2次,低强度组每天1次,对照组给予假刺激,每次10 min,共10 d。治疗前后采用运动诱发电位(MEPs)、Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能评定(FMA)和改良Barthel指数(MBI)进行评定。结果治疗后,高强度组患侧MEPs波幅,高强度组和低强度组FMA、MBI评分均明显优于对照组(P0.01),高强度组明显优于低强度组(P0.01)。无严重不良反应发生。结论低频r TMS刺激健侧大脑半球M1区可改善卒中后上肢功能障碍,多次治疗效果更佳。     

不同频率重复经颅磁刺激对卒中后癫痫患者的疗效及其对神经功能、认知功能、生活质量的影响

目的:探讨卒中后癫痫患者不同频率重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗对疗效、神经功能、认知功能、生活质量的影响。方法:选取2020年7月至2022年6月在南宁市第二人民医院收治的卒中后癫痫患者96例,按照给予rTMS的不同分成0.5 Hz组(n=32)、0.3 Hz组(n=32)及假刺激组(n=32)。3组均给予常规基础用药,0.5 Hz组给予0.5 Hz r TMS治疗,0.3 Hz组给予0.3 Hz r TMS治疗,假刺激组给予假刺激治疗,均治疗1个月。比较3组患者治疗前后临床疗效、神经功能[采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评定]、认知功能[采用简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)评定]、生活质量[采用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(成人用)(GQOL-74)评定]及不良事件的发生。结果:0.5 Hz组治疗总有效率(96.88%)较0.3 Hz组(78.13%)、假刺激组(56.25%)更高(P<0.05),0.3 Hz组治疗总有效率较假刺激组更高(P<0.05)。3组治疗后mRS评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),0.5 Hz组mRS评分较0.3 Hz组、假刺激组更低(P<0.05),0.3 Hz组mRS评分较假刺激组更低(P<0.05)。3组治疗后MMSE评分均较治疗前提高(P<0.05),0.5 Hz组MMSE评分较0.3 Hz组、假刺激组更高(P<0.05),0.3 Hz组MMSE评分较假刺激组更高(P<0.05)。3组治疗后GQOL-74评分均较治疗前提高(P<0.05),0.5 Hz组GQOL-74评分较0.3 Hz组、假刺激组更高(P<0.05),0.3 Hz组GQOL-74评分较假刺激组更高(P<0.05)。3组治疗过程中均无严重不良事件发生。结论:卒中后癫痫患者在常规用药基础上采用0.5 Hz rTMS治疗,与0.3 Hz rTMS治疗和无rTMS治疗比较,可提高临床疗效,改善神经功能、认知功能,提高生活质量。     

不同频率重复经颅磁刺激治疗脑卒中后抑郁的对照研究

目的探讨不同频率重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,r TMS)治疗卒中后抑郁(poststroke depression,PSD)患者的临床疗效。方法选取不伴有认知功能受损的PSD患者共120例,按随机数字表法分为低频组、高频组、对照组各40例,分别接受1 Hz低频r TMS治疗、5 Hz高频r TMS治疗及假刺激治疗,三组同时均予以脑卒中常规药物治疗、心理疏导及综合康复训练,于治疗前、治疗第2周末、治疗第4周末分别用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评定抑郁程度、改良巴塞尔指数(MBI)评定日常生活能力。结果治疗前,三组HAMD及MBI评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗第2周末,高频组与低频组HAMD及MBI评分优于对照组(P0.05),但低频组与高频组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗第4周末,高频组HAMD及MBI评分优于低频组及对照组(P0.05)。治疗过程中仅有3例出现轻微不良反应。结论 r TMS治疗PSD安全有效,在疗程为4周时,高频r TMS较低频r TMS对改善PSD程度以及日常生活能力效果更明显。     

神经源性保护与急性脑卒中患者运动功能恢复及磁刺激运动绣发电位

目的探讨脑循环功能仪对急性脑卒中患者早期治疗和远期运动功能恢复的影响.方法观察改良爱丁堡-斯堪的那维亚评分(SNSS),巴特尔指数(BI)及磁刺激运动诱发电位(MEP).结果在治疗6周后,SNSS评分治疗组较对照组明显提高(P<0.05).BI指数治疗组与对照组比较无明显差异(P>0.05).在MEP检查中,MEP基本正常率治疗与对照组有明显差异(P<0.05),CCT在治疗组上下肢均较对照组明显缩短.结论脑循环功能仪治疗可明显提高急性脑卒中患者肢体运动功能的恢复程度,其机制与该治疗改善卒中患者中枢运动传导速度有关.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.