隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病(LADA)合并干燥综合征和原发性胆汁性肝硬化一例报道

患者55岁女性,因"口干、眼干、多饮3年,多尿、消瘦8个月,加重伴恶心、呕吐10天"入院.患者3年前无明显诱因出现口干、眼干,饮水多于本院风湿科就诊,查血尿便常规、全胸片和心电图(-),血生化:天冬氨酸转氨酶98 U/L,丙氨酸转氨酶96 U/L,碱性磷酸酶367 μmol/L,总胆红素87.7μmol/L,直接胆红素49.5μmol/L,余无异常.     

糖尿病性肝纤维化伴肝微血管病变1例

<正>患者女性,67岁,因"反复右上腹不适2年余,伴乏力3天"入院,入院后查体慢性肝病面容,无黄疸,未见肝掌、蜘蛛痣,肝不大,脾肋下1 cm。化验室检查:白蛋白27.2 g/L,球蛋白39g/L,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)49μmol/L,天门冬氨酸氨基转氨酶(AST)67μmol/L,总胆红素20.6μmol/L,直接胆红素8.     

临床病例讨论 第24例——黄疸,口干

1　病历摘要患者 :女性 ,31岁。主因反复皮肤、巩膜黄染 1年半 ,口干 3个月 ,于 2 0 0 2年 4月 2 2日入院。 2 0 0 0年 10月上节育环后出现经血增多 ,后渐感皮肤、巩膜黄染 ,尿色呈浓茶样 ,无恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻及厌食、乏力 ,无发热、寒战、腰背痛 ,不伴瘙痒。 2 0 0 1年 2月中旬就诊于某院 ,查丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT) 135U/L ,天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST) 15 8U/L ,总胆红素 (TBIL) 5 2 9μmol/L ,直接胆红素 (DBIL) 34 5μmol/L ,碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 92 8U/L ,γ 谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT) 75 8U/L ,甲型肝炎抗体、丙型肝炎抗体均为…     

非特异性氨基转移酶升高2例分析及文献复习

例1男,29岁,因"酱油色尿2d,肝生化指标异常1d"入院,既往脂肪肝7年,无肝病史,2d前剧烈运动后出现酱油色尿,伴双腿肌肉肿胀、疼痛、强直,1d前北京宣武医院就诊,查:ALT476U/L,AST2088U/L,总胆红素(TBil)30.9μmol/L,肌酸激酶(CK)39140U/L,肌酐(Cr)69μmol/L,尿素氮(BUN)2.9μmol/L,葡糖糖(GLU)6.84μmol/L;血常规(-);尿潜血(BLD)(+++),尿蛋白(PRO)(+),GLU(+++);泌尿系B超:未见明显异常。于2012年3月12日我院就诊,查体:     

皮肤搔痒、黄疸、腹胀、纳差

患者女性,47岁.因皮肤搔痒26年,皮肤黄染5年,伴腹胀、纳差1周而入院.患者26年前出现皮肤搔痒时未加注意,5年前因皮肤搔痒就诊,发现丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)100U以上、总胆红素正常(18μmol/L)2倍以上.     

急性左心衰竭和充血性心力衰竭患者肝功能检测指标差异的临床观察

目的探讨急性左心衰竭(ALHF)和充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者肝功能检测指标(LFTs)的差异。方法入选纽约心功能分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的心力衰竭患者137例,根据病情分为ALHF组59例和CHF组78例。收集患者的基本资料,比较两组LFTs和住院病死率的差异。结果与CHF组比较,ALHF组患者的谷丙转氨酶[(34.05±14.48)U/L比(29.41±9.16)U/L]、谷草转氨酶[(30.73±12.47)U/L比(26.64±6.81)U/L]和白蛋白[(38.62±2.70)g/L比(35.33±4.20)g/L]水平均显著升高(分别为t=-2.291,P=0.024;t=-2.454,P=0.015;t=-5.25,P<0.01),而谷氨酰氨基转移酶[(30.7±20.7)U/L比(41.5±32.3)U/L]、总胆红素[(14.22±7.21)μmol/L比(18.42±8.60)μmol/L]、直接胆红素[(6.28±3.46)μmol/L比(8.00±4.67)μmol/L]和间接胆红素[(7.99±4.82)μmol/L比(10.45±5.81)μmol/L]水平均降低(t=2.257,P=0.026;t=3.013,P=0.003;t=2.384,P=0.019;t=2.636,P=0.009)。两组患者的碱性磷酸酶[(75.93±29.01)U/L比(80.42±22.91)U/L]和总蛋白[(65.2±3.8)g/L比(65.9±7.8)g/L]水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ALHF组患者病死率较CHF组高[17例(28.8%)比8例(10.3%),χ2=7.754,P=0.005]。结论 ALHF患者以谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶升高为主,与肝脏缺血相关,而CHF患者以谷氨酰氨基转移酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素升高和白蛋白降低为主,与肝脏淤血相关。     

黏胆症1例报告

<正>1病例资料患者男性,48岁,因"皮肤、巩膜黄染10余天"于2014年10月20日入院。肝胆CT增强影像诊断:胆总管改变,待除外炎性所致,扩张程度略有减轻。磁共振胰胆管造影诊断:(1)肝内外胆管扩张,胆总管壁略厚,炎症所致不除外;(2)考虑胆囊炎。肝功能:ALT 72 U/L,GGT 979 U/L,ALP 187 U/L,TBil218.8μmol/L,DBil 143.7μmol/L,间接胆红素75.1μmol/L,总胆     

慢性重度肝炎合并肺炎支原体感染二例

例1 男，34岁。因间歇性乏力、纳差、腹胀、尿黄3年，发热、干咳1周入院。入院时体检：体温38．3℃，精神萎靡，巩膜及皮肤深度黄染，未见肝掌及蜘蛛痣，心、肺、腹部(-)，实验室检查：血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)61U／L，总胆红素(TBIL)454．86μmol／L，直接胆红素(DBIL)439．09μmol／L，白蛋白(ALB)23．57g／L，凝血酶原时间(PT)30s，凝血酶原     

IgG4相关硬化性胆管炎1例报告

<正>1病例资料患者男性,64岁。因"进行性皮肤黄染伴瘙痒1月余"于2014年8月21日入院。患者1个月前无明显诱因下起病,出现皮肤黄染及瘙痒,伴腹胀、尿色深黄、夜尿增多。外院查肝功能:TBil 319.1μmol/L,DBil 223.8μmol/L,ALT 29.4 U/L,AST 38 U/L,ALP 84U/L,GGT 74 U/L;尿常规:胆红素(+++)。糖链抗原(CA)19-     

消包片致药物性肝损害一例

临床资料患者,女性,40岁,于2004年2月体检发现肝包虫病在外地医院服消包片,2个月后出现黄疸伴皮肤瘙痒来院就诊。入院查体:皮肤巩膜重度黄染,无出血点、肝掌及蜘蛛痣,肝脾肋下未触及,肝区有轻度叩击痛,余无异常。查肝功能TBil (总胆红素)199．5μmol／L,DBil(直接胆红素) 150．4μmol/L,ALT(丙氨酸转氨酶)642U／L,AST(天     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.