DNA修复基因XPD单核苷酸多态与胆道癌遗传易感性

目的:研究核苷酸切除修复基因XPDAsp312Asn位点以及Lys751Gln位点多态与上海市区人群胆道癌风险的关系。方法:采用全人群病例-对照研究的方法运用PCR-RFLP对443名胆道癌患者和448名正常对照进行基因型分析。比较各基因型在病例与对照中分布频率的差异,并探讨基因、环境因素在胆道癌发生过程中的作用。结果:与携带XPD 751Lys/Lys基因型者比较,携带Gln/Gln基因型者罹患胆道癌的风险显著增加(校正OR=6.32;95%CI=1.16~34.53)。按解剖部位分析显示,风险增高只限于壶腹部癌(校正的OR=13.17;95%CI=1.71~101.38)。携带312Asn/Asn基因型者罹患壶腹部癌的风险显著高于携带Asp/Asp基因型者(校正后OR=20.09;95%CI=1.13~357.99)。在不伴有胆石症人群中,751Gln/Gln基因型携带者罹患胆道癌风险增加(校正后OR=5.92;95%CI=1.05~33.36),提示在不伴有胆石症人群中,遗传因素可能是发生胆道癌的影响因素。而在饮酒人群中携带751Lys/Gln或Gln/Gln基因型者较携带Lys/Lys基因型者患胆道癌风险增加约3倍。结论:XPD 312Asn等位基因以及751Gln等位基因可能是中国上海地区人群胆道癌尤其是壶腹部癌风险的遗传易感因素。     

雌激素受体β基因单核苷酸多态性与新疆维吾尔族乳腺癌易感性的关系

目的 探讨雌激素受体（ER）β基因Rsa Ⅰ位点单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与新疆维吾尔族乳腺癌易感性的关系.方法 采用病例-对照研究,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法检测112例维吾尔族女性乳腺癌患者（病例组）和139例维吾尔族体检健康女性（对照组）ERβ基因RsaⅠ （G/A）位点基因型,比较该位点基因型分布与维吾尔族女性乳腺癌发病风险的关系.结果 病例组和对照组中ERβ基因Rsa Ⅰ（G/A）位点的GG、GA基因型频率分别为83.0％、17.0％和73.4％、26.6％,G、A等位基因频率分别为91.5％、8.5％和86.7％、13.3％,差异均无统计学意义（/x2=3.335,P=0.068; x2=2.917,P=0.088）.有无雌激素暴露史的两组基因型分布分别为74.2％、25.8％和86.4％、13.6％;有无肿瘤家族史的两组基因型分布100％、O和72.8％、27.2％,差异均有统计学意义（P=0.046、P=0.001）.非条件Logistic回归分析显示,以GG型为对照,有雌激素暴露史和无肿瘤家族史的GA型发生乳腺癌危险性降低（OR=0.385,95％CI0.148～0.999; OR=0.285,95％CI 0.134～0.605）.结论 ERβ基因Rsa Ⅰ位点SNP与雌激素暴露和无肿瘤家族史因素下的乳腺癌有关,GA基因型可能为维吾尔族女性乳腺癌保护因素.     

细胞因子基因多态性和胃癌易感性

免疫性细胞因子及其基因多态性检测已成为胃癌临床遗传流行病学研究的一个热点.研究发现,部分细胞因子基因多态性单独或与幽门螺杆菌(HP)联合增加胃癌或癌前病变的风险.     

基因多态性与宫颈癌易感性研究进展

目的：总结基因多态性与宫颈癌易感性的研究现状。方法：应用PubMed及CHKD期刊全文数据库检索系统,以“基因多态性、宫颈癌、易感性”等为关键词。检索1999-2013的相关文献80篇,纳入标准：1）宫颈癌易感性研究进展;2）基因多态性与宫颈癌癌易感性的关系。根据纳入标准,最后纳入分析29篇文献。结果：1）DRB1＊15等位基因/DRB1＊15-DQB1＊06单体型与HPV感染或宫颈癌前病变有关,巴西妇女中HLA-DQB1＊05与HPV16阳性宫颈鳞癌呈正相关;2）中国人群中,Pro/Pro基因型在宫颈癌和对照人群中表达有明显差异,葡萄牙北部人群中ASCUS、LSIL、HSIL、ICC患者及正常人宫颈细胞进行检测,未发现p53Arg72Pro在不同人群中的分布有差异;3）TNF-α基因启动子区-238A等位基因可明显降低宫颈癌风险,TNF-α-308G/A多态性与浸润型宫颈癌的发展相关;4）中国妇女人群中,XRCC1 399Gln/Gln基因型与宫颈癌相关性是XRCC1 399Arg/Gln基因型的2.32倍;然而在阿根廷妇女中,XRCC1399Arg/Gln基因型会降低患宫颈癌的风险。结论：1）HLA多态性与宫颈癌易感性和HPV感染相关;2）P53基因多态性与不同地域宫颈癌易感性不同;3）TNF不同位点基因多态性与宫颈癌易感性相关性不同;4）DNA修复基因多态性与宫颈癌易感性关系报道不同。     

单核苷酸多态性与肿瘤遗传易感性的研究进展

目的:总结国内外关于单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与肿瘤的相关研究进展。方法:应用Medline和CNKI期刊全文数据库检索系统,以"SNP"和"肿瘤"为关键词,检索1999-01-2010-11相关肿瘤易感性分析的文献。纳入标准:1)SNP的定义和应用;2)肿瘤易感基因的分类;3)SNP的作用机制;4)SNP与环境因子在肿瘤发展过程中的协同作用。根据纳入标准纳入分析43篇文献。结果:肿瘤易感相关基因包括癌基因和抑癌基因、DNA修复基因、代谢酶基因以及免疫相关基因等几大类。这些基因上含有多个SNP位点,其中有部分SNP可导致不同个体间肿瘤易感性的差异。结论:研究SNP在恶性肿瘤发生、发展过程中的致肿瘤性作用,有助于进一步理解肿瘤的发生机制,有望在肿瘤靶向治疗上取得新的突破。     

雌激素受体基因ESR1多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系

目的：研究雌激素受体α（ESR1）基因单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）与乳腺癌易感性的关系。方法：运用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）分析的方法检测193例中国汉族女性乳腺癌患者和71名正常女性对照者ESR1基因上rs11155816位点的基因型,以SPSS 11.0软件卡方检验处理数据。结果：rs11155816位点等位基因频率符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律。rs11155816位点的等位基因及基因型与患者肿瘤位置及是否存在远处转移相关,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;与年龄、大小、组织学类型、受体表达无关。rs11155816位点等位基因及基因型频率在乳腺癌人群与正常对照者间分布差异有显著性,乳腺癌人群中等位基因A频率高于正常人群（23.8%比15.5%,P〈0.05）。结论：rs11155816位点基因的多态性与乳腺癌患者的肿瘤位置和远处转移相关,等位基因A携带者乳腺癌发病风险较高。     

雌激素受体基因ESR1多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系

目的:研究雌激素受体α(ESR1)基因单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与乳腺癌易感性的关系。方法:运用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析的方法检测193例中国汉族女性乳腺癌患者和71名正常女性对照者ESR1基因上rs11155816位点的基因型,以SPSS 11.0软件卡方检验处理数据。结果:rs11155816位点等位基因频率符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律。rs11155816位点的等位基因及基因型与患者肿瘤位置及是否存在远处转移相关,差异有显著性(P<0.05);与年龄、大小、组织学类型、受体表达无关。rs11155816位点等位基因及基因型频率在乳腺癌人群与正常对照者间分布差异有显著性,乳腺癌人群中等位基因A频率高于正常人群(23.8%比15.5%,P<0.05)。结论:rs11155816位点基因的多态性与乳腺癌患者的肿瘤位置和远处转移相关,等位基因A携带者乳腺癌发病风险较高。     

PTEN基因单核苷酸多态性与肺癌易感性的关系

目的:探讨中国汉族人群PTEN基因多态性与肺癌的关系.方法:应用PCR-RFLP方法对77个中国北方汉族肺癌患者及104个健康人检测单核苷酸多态性(SNP)rs2537343和rs701848位点的基因型.结果:基因型频率分析均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡;病例对照分析显示rs2735343与肺癌相关,而rs701848与肺癌不相关,单倍体型分析表明rs2735343-rs701848单倍体型与肺癌不相关.结论:PTEN与中国汉族人群肺癌密切相关:rs2735343的等位基因分布与肺癌具有相关性,可能通过调节 PTEN基因的表达影响疾病的发生.     

锰超氧化物歧化酶基因Val16Ala多态性与前列腺癌易感性关系的Meta分析

目的:探讨锰超氧化物歧化酶（MnSOD）基因Val16Ala多态性与前列腺癌易感性的关系。方法:检索PubMed、Embase、中国知网和万方数据库关于MnSOD基因多态性与前列腺癌易感性的文献,检索时间均为建库至2018年9月19日。文献筛选及数据提取由两位研究者独立完成,采用Stata12.0软件进行Meta分析。...     

ErbB4基因micro-RNA靶序列单核苷酸多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系

目的:探讨ErbB4基因micro-RNA靶序列单核苷酸多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系。方法:采用TaqMan单核苷酸多态(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)分型技术检测1509例乳腺癌患者和1517例健康对照者外周血中ErbB4基因micro-RNA靶序列rs1595066及rs16845990位点的基因型。结果:ErbB4基因micro-RNA靶序列rs16845990位点3种基因型在乳腺癌患者和健康对照者间的分布差异无统计学意义(P=0.302);rs1595066位点3种基因型在2组间的分布差异有统计学意义(P=0.045),与GG型相比,杂合型AG及纯合型AA均可显著降低乳腺癌的发病风险,调整后比值比(oddsratios,OR)及其95%可信区间(confidenceintervals,CI)分别为0.81(0.69～0.95)和0.75(0.58～0.96)。分层分析显示,此保护作用在年龄≥55岁、无肿瘤家族史和无乳腺良性疾病史者中更显著。结论:ErbB4基因micro-RNA靶序列rs1595066G>A位点A等位基因可能降低乳腺癌的发病风险。     

Association of genetic polymorphisms in the VEGF gene with breast cancer survival

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important regulator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. VEGF overexpression has been associated with advanced stage and poor survival of several cancers. We evaluated the association of functional polymorphisms in the VEGF gene with breast cancer survival in a cohort of 1,193 breast cancer patients who were recruited as part of a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China from 1996 to 1998 and followed for cancer recurrence and mortality between March 2000 and December 2002. Included in the study were three functional polymorphisms (C-460T, G+405C, and C+936T) in the VEGF gene. Carrying the -460C or +405G allele was associated with decreased overall survival. The age-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were 1.5 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.9-2.5] for -460CC genotype carriers and 1.6 (95% CI, 1.0-2.5) for +405GG genotype carriers compared with noncarriers. Further analyses showed that the -460T/+450C/+936C haplotype was related to increased survival (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.4-0.9), whereas the -460C/+405G/+936T haplotype was associated with nonsignificantly decreased survival (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, -0.9 to 4.7). The C+936T polymorphism alone was not related to overall or disease-free survival. This study suggests that VEGF polymorphisms may be a significant genetic marker for breast cancer prognosis.     

Association of megalin genetic polymorphisms with prostate cancer risk and prognosis

PURPOSE: Megalin, an endocytic receptor expressed by prostate epithelial cells, can internalize biologically active androgens bound to sex hormone binding globulin. Genetic variation within megalin could potentially influence levels of steroid hormone uptake. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Forty haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNP) were analyzed in a population-based, case-control study of 553 Caucasian men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer between the ages of 40 and 64 years from the Seattle-Puget Sound region and 534 control men. Prostate cancer risk was estimated using adjusted unconditional logistic regression for both individual SNPs and haplotypes. Risks of disease recurrence/progression and prostate-specific cancer mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: We found no strong evidence of altered risk of developing prostate cancer for any of the htSNPs when they were assessed individually or in haplotypes. However, three htSNPs were significantly associated with both disease recurrence/progression and mortality. Risk of recurrence/progression alone was also associated with five additional htSNPs, and six other htSNPS showed evidence of modification by primary androgen deprivation therapy. Two additional htSNPs were significantly associated with altered risk of death from prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results suggest that common genetic variation within the megalin gene could alter both risk of recurrence/progression and prostate-specific cancer mortality. In addition, androgen deprivation therapy effectiveness may be modified by the activity of this gene. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has examined polymorphisms within the megalin gene for associations with prostate cancer risk and outcomes.     

Association of multi-drug resistance gene polymorphisms with pancreatic cancer outcome

BACKGROUND:

The purpose of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of multidrug resistance genes that are associated with clinical outcome in patients with potentially resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma who were treated with preoperative gemcitabine‐based chemoradiotherapy at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.

METHODS:

We selected 8 SNPs of 7 drug resistance genes, including MDR1 (ABCB1), MRP1‐5 (ABCC1‐5), and BCRP (ABCG2), reported to be important in mediating drug resistance. Genotype was determined by the Taqman method. The associations of genotype with tumor response to therapy and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using log‐rank test, Cox regression, and logistic regression models.

RESULTS:

MRP5 A‐2G AA genotype showed significant association with OS (log‐rank P = .010). The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.65 (1.11‐2.45) after adjusting for clinical predictors. The MRP2 G40A GG genotype had a weak association with reduced OS (log‐rank P = .097). A combined effect of the two genotypes on OS was observed. Patients with none of the adverse genotypes had a median survival time (MST) of 34.0 months, and those with 1‐2 deleterious alleles had a significantly lower MST of 20.7 months (log‐rank P = .006). MRP2 G40A GG genotype was also significantly associated with poor histological response to chemoradiotherapy (P = .028).

CONCLUSIONS:

These observations suggest a potential role of polymorphic variants of drug resistance genes in predicting therapeutic efficacy and survival of patients with potentially resectable pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

Selected base excision repair gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to biliary tract cancer and biliary stones: a population-based case-control study in China

Base excision repair (BER) corrects DNA damage caused by oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, putative risk factors for cancer. To understand the relationship between genetic variation in BER genes and risk of biliary tract cancer and biliary stones, we examined non-synonymous polymorphisms in three key BER genes-x-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) (R194W, rs1799782; R280H, rs25489 and R399Q, rs25487), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APEX1) (D148E, rs3136820) and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) (S326C, rs1052133), in a population-based study of 411 biliary tract cancer cases (237 gallbladder, 127 bile duct and 47 ampulla of Vater), 891 biliary (gallbladder or bile duct) stone cases and 786 population controls conducted in Shanghai, China. Compared with subjects carrying the XRCC1 194RR genotype, those with the WW genotype had a 1.9-fold risk of bile duct cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-3.5, P(trend) = 0.03], and compared with subjects carrying the XRCC1 280RR genotype, those with the XRCC1 280H allele had a 50% reduced risk of bile duct cancer (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3-0.9, P(trend) = 0.05). The effect of the R280H polymorphism persisted (P(trend) = 0.03), when all three XRCC1 polymorphisms were jointly considered in the model, a finding supported by the haplotype results (covariate-adjusted global permutation P = 0.03). We also found an inverse association between the APEX1 148E allele and gallbladder stones (P(trend) = 0.03), but no association for the OGG1 polymorphism. This study suggests that genetic variants in XRCC1 and APEX1 may alter susceptibility to biliary tract cancer and stones. Further studies are required to confirm the reported associations.     

Association of MTHFR gene polymorphisms with breast cancer survival

Background  

Two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, C677T and A1298C, lead to decreased enzyme activity and affect chemosensitivity of tumor cells. We investigated whether these MTHFR SNPs were associated with breast cancer survival in African-American and Caucasian women.     

TNFRⅡ基因-196M/R多态性与乳腺癌易感性的相关性

目的探讨TNF-α受体Ⅱ(TNFR Ⅱ)基因第6外显子-196M/R多态性与中国北方女性乳腺癌发病的相关性。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测TNFR Ⅱ基因-196M/R多态性,分析212例乳腺癌患者(实验组),218例乳腺良性病变患者(良性组)和220例健康对照者(对照组)的TNF-α受体Ⅱ(TNFR Ⅱ)基因多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系。结果(1)650例研究对象中存在TNFR Ⅱ基因-196M/R多态性。(2)-196M/R位点的TG+GG基因型及G等位基因频率在良性病变组与对照组间差异无统计学意义,而在乳腺癌组则显著高于良性病变组和对照组(均P(0.05)。结论TNFR Ⅱ基因-196M/R在乳腺癌组和对照组存在多态性,第6外显子-196M/R位点T/G多态性可能为乳腺癌发病的易感基因位点,G等位基因可能为中国北方女性乳腺癌发病的易感基因。     

Association of interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms with gastric cancer: a meta-analysis

Previous studies on the association between interleukin-1 (IL-1) genetic polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer have produced conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between IL-1 genotype and gastric cancer by systematically reviewing the risk of the original studies. Thirty-nine studies, which included 6,863 gastric cancer cases and 8,434 controls, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. By pooling all the studies identified, the summary odds ratio (OR) of gastric cancer risk associated with IL-1B-511T, -31C, +3954T and IL-1RN*2 was 1.26 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.55), 1.00 (95% CI: 0.82-1.22), 1.37 (95% CI: 0.94-2.00) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.01-1.41), respectively. A stratified analysis showed that IL-1B-511T was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (intestinal type) (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.12-2.57). Moreover, IL-1RN*2 was also associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer among Caucasians (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.09-1.54). In conclusion, IL-1B-511 and IL-1RN genetic polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of developing gastric cancer.