比较分析后腹腔镜下与开放性肾癌根治术治疗局限性肾癌效果

目的分析后腹腔镜下与开放性肾癌根治术治疗局限性肾癌的临床疗效。方法选取我院局限性肾癌患者76例,采用后腹腔镜下与开放性肾癌根治术各38例,对比两组在手术时间、术中估计出血量、术中输血率、术后镇痛药物使用剂量、胃肠道功能恢复时间、及术后住院时间、术后并发症等方面的差异。结果后腹腔镜组术中估计出血量明显少于开放组,差异有统计学意义。后腹腔镜组平均手术时间较开放组手术时间长,但组间差异无统计学意义,术中输血率一样。后腹腔镜组住院时间、术后并发症、术后镇痛药物使用剂量、胃肠道功能恢复时间均明显优于开放组（P〈0.05）。结论相比于与开放性肾癌根治术,后腹腔镜下肾癌根治术治疗局限性肾癌疗效更加确切。     

开放性与腹腔镜下肾癌根治术治疗局限性肾癌的临床观察

目的:比较开放性与腹腔镜下肾癌根治术治疗局限性肾癌的临床疗效.方法:选择符合标准的患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,对照组采用开放性肾癌根治术,观察组采用腹腔镜下肾癌根治术,比较围手术期相关指标.结果:术前,两组患者血红蛋白及肌酐水平相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3d,观察组血红蛋白高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组肌酐水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).观察组患者手术时间长于对照组,而术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后下床活动时间、肾窝引流总量以及术后住院日均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组患者术后并发症发生率为13.33%,低于对照组的23.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:腹腔镜下肾癌根治术具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快,是局限性肾癌安全、有效的治疗方法之一.     

47例后腹腔镜肾癌根治术临床分析

目的观察后腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗局限性肾癌的临床效果与安全性。方法选取2013年12月至2017年12月鲁山县人民医院收治的94例局限性肾癌患者,依照治疗术式不同分为观察组与对照组,各47例。观察组采取后腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗,对照组采取开放性肾癌根治术治疗。比较两组手术情况、术后并发症发生率。结果两组手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术中出血量、术后镇痛药物应用量、住院时间、下床活动时间及引流管拔除时间低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论予以局限性肾癌患者后腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗,可显著降低手术创伤,促进患者术后恢复,减少并发症发生。     

腹腔镜下肾癌根治术与开放性肾癌根治术临床效果比较

目的:探讨腹腔镜下肾癌根治术与开放性肾癌根治术后的康复效果。方法:选取84例行肾癌根治术的患者,分为两组,43例行开放性手术的患者为A组,41例行腹腔镜下手术的患者为B组,分析并记录手术时间,术中,术后出血量及切口引流管拔管时间,术后住院时间,出院时间。结果:B组的术中、术后出血量,切口引流管拔管时间及术后出院时间与A组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但B组患者手术时间较A组患者长,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下肾癌根治术比开放性手术创口小、恢复快、住院时间短。值得推广。     

腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗肾癌的效果观察

目的:观察腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗肾癌的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2012年2月至2017年2月的390例肾癌患者的临床资料,依据手术方案的不同将其分为对照组130例和观察组260例,对照组行开放性肾癌根治术治疗,观察组行腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗,比较两组手术指标、恢复指标、手术前后血清肌酐水平的变化情况、并发症发生情况及1年复发率。结果:观察组手术时间、术后拔管、进食、下床时间及住院时间均明显短于对照组,术中出血量明显少于对照组,切口长度明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3、15 d,观察组血清肌酐水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1个月两组血清肌酐水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组并发症发生率为4.62%(12/260),明显低于对照组的23.85%(31/130),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组1年复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与开放性肾癌根治术相比,腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗肾癌效果更显著,可有效减少术中出血量,对血肌酐水平的影响较小,可促进术后康复,且手术安全性较高。     

后腹腔镜肾癌根治术和开放性肾癌根治术治疗局限性肾癌的疗效对比

目的比较后腹腔镜肾癌根治术和开放性肾癌根治术治疗局限性肾癌的临床疗效。方法选取2014年1月至2017年1月我院收治的局限性肾癌患者42例,按随机数字表法将其分成实验组21例,对照组21例,对照组行开放性肾癌根治术,实验组行后腹腔镜肾癌根治术,对比手术效果。结果实验组手术出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组手术时间、肠道功能恢复时间以及住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组并发症发生率为14.29%,低于对照组的28.57%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论后腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗局限性肾癌,效果满意,值得临床进一步借鉴、应用。     

后腹腔镜与开放性肾切除术治疗大体积肾癌的临床对比

目的比较后腹腔镜与开放性肾癌根治术治疗大体积肾癌的临床疗效。方法将大体积肾癌患者451例分为后腹腔镜组和开放组,比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、并发症等指标并分析疗效。结果开放手术时间明显短于后腹腔镜组（P〈0．05）,但后腹腔镜组术中失血量更少（P〈0．05）。两组并发症发生率无明显差异（P〉0．05）。后腹腔镜组术后胃肠功能恢复更快,住院时间更短（P〈0．05）。结论后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术治疗T2期肾癌较开放手术损伤更小,有利于患者恢复,值得推广。     

后腹腔镜下与开放性肾癌根治术治疗局限性肾癌疗效比较

目的 比较后腹腔镜下与开放性肾癌根治术治疗局限性肾癌的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析广汉市人民医院泌尿外科于2013年1月至2016年12月期间收治的63例局限性肾癌患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同分别纳入后腹腔镜组(n=31)与开放组(n=32),比较两组患者的围手术期相关指标.结果 后腹腔镜组患者的手术时间、肠功能恢复时间及住院时间分别为(75.93±14.12)min、(2.24±0.79)d、(10.19±2.36)d,均短于开放组的(89.58±15.93)min、(3.15±1.01)d、(13.58±3.41)d,术中出血量为(103.62±25.85)mL,少于开放组的(153.55±36.76)mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);后腹腔镜组患者的并发症发生率为9.68%,明显低于开放组的28.13%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 后腹腔镜肾癌根治术与传统的开放性肾癌根治术相比,具有创伤小、手术并发症发生率低及术后恢复快的优势.     

后腹腔镜肾癌根治术对机体细胞免疫功能的影响研究

目的:比较后腹腔镜肾癌根治术与开放性肾癌根治术对机体细胞免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2014年1月至2016年4月本院泌尿外科收治的肾癌患者52例为研究对象,随机分为两组,每组26例,开放组患者予开放性肾癌根治术,后腹腔镜组患者则予后腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量及术后住院时间等指标,并比较两组患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化。结果:后腹腔镜组患者术中出血量及住院时间明显少于开放组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1 d,两组患者血清CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均较术前明显降低(P<0.05),后腹腔镜组患者血清CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+术后7 d恢复至术前水平(P>0.05),开放组患者则在术后14 d恢复至术前水平(P>0.05)。结论:后腹腔镜肾癌根治术与传统的开放性肾癌根治术相比,不仅具有术中出血少、术后恢复快的优势,且减少对机体细胞免疫功能的抑制,有利于患者术后的恢复。     

后腹腔镜与开放根治性肾切除术治疗T1期肾癌的疗效比较

目的评价后腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗T1期肾癌的临床疗效。方法将126例T1期肾癌患者后腹腔镜组66例和开放组60例。比较两组手术时间、出血量、住院时间、手术并发症及生存率。结果后腹腔镜组与开放组手术时间分别为(86±15)min与(78±17)min,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术中出血量分别为(81±42)mL与(181±48)mL、术后住院时间分别为(4.1±1.2)d与(9.9±1.6)d,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论与开放手术相比,后腹腔镜肾癌根治术出血少、恢复快、术后并发症少。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.