卡培他滨联合肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗原发性肝癌

目的 :探讨卡培他滨联合经肝动脉栓塞化疗 (TACE)治疗晚期肝癌的有效性。方法 :6 2例不能手术切除的晚期肝癌患者 (TNM分期Ⅱ～Ⅳ )随机分成两组 :①单纯TACE组 30例 ;②卡培他滨联合TACE组 32例 ,在TACE治疗后第 2天 ,口服给药 14天。全部患者随访两年。比较两组患者的中位生存时间 ,死亡患者平均生存时间、一年生存率、二期手术切除率。结果 :卡培他滨联合TACE治疗组患者的中位生存时间为 14 .5个月 ,一年生存率为 75 .0 % ,二期手术切除率 2 5 .0 % ;而单纯TACE组患者的中位生存时间为 6个月 ,一年生存率为 39.3% ,二期手术切除率 6 .7% ,两组比较有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :卡培他滨联合TACE治疗晚期原发性肝癌患者的疗效优于单纯TACE。     

高强度聚焦超声联合肝动脉栓塞治疗原发性肝癌56例

目的 探讨高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌(肝癌)的临床疗效.方法 106例肝癌患者分为两组,单纯TACE组50例(碘油栓塞或碘油栓塞联合5-氟尿嘧啶+多柔比星),联合组56例(HIFU+TACE).观察两组治疗后3个月的临床疗效和血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)的变化情况,观察两组患者的1、2、3年生存率.结果 单纯TACE组:CR0,PR20%,SD 52%;联合组:CR0,PR26.8%,SD 55.4%.AFP变化情况,单纯TACE组和联合组由治疗前的(472.3±104.2)μg/L和(491.8±125.2)μg/L,降为治疗后的(122.3±64.6)μg/L和(71.2±35.1)μg/L.1、2、3年生存率:联合组为82.3%、60.8%、39.2%;TACE组为68.0%、42.6%、21.0%.未发生皮肤烧伤、出血、胃肠道穿孔等并发症.结论 HIFU联合TACE是治疗肝癌的一种新的安全有效的治疗方法,可以明显延长肝癌患者的生存期,并且优于单纯TACE治疗.     

TACE、PVE、HIFU治疗原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的:研究TACE、PVE、HIFU治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法:对不能手术的原发性肝癌68例分成2组,观察组先行TACE治疗,1周后行PVE治疗,TACE PVE每2个月进行1周期,2～3周期后再行HIFU治疗,以TACE PVE治疗作为对照,分别统计两组疗效、副作用、生存率。结果:观察组32例共TACE67次,平均2.1次/例,PVE64次,平均2次/例,HIFU99次,平均3.1次/例;对照组36例TACE78次,平均2.2次/例,PVE74次,平均2.1次/例,观察组与对照组总有效率分别为71.9%(23/32)、44.4%(16/36),两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);合并门静脉癌栓经治疗后癌栓缩小>1/2者,观察组为69.2%(9/13),对照组21.4%(3/14)(P<0.05);治疗后AFP转阴或滴度下降>1/2者分别为66.7%(16/24)、37.0%(10/27)(P<0.05);观察组6、12、18、24个月生存率分别为76%、60%、40%、20%,对照组为50%、33.3%、16.7%、2.8%(P<0.05)。结论:TACE PVE HIFU治疗PHC可以提高肿瘤局部控制率,提高生存质量,延长生存期,是晚期PHC较为有效的治疗方法之一。     

肝动脉栓塞化疗联合三维适形放疗治疗Ⅱ期原发性肝癌疗效分析

目的 探讨肝动脉插管栓塞化疗(TACE)联合三维适形放疗(3DCRT)治疗Ⅱ期原发性肝癌的疗效.方法 81例患者分为两组,A组36例采用TACE联合3DCRT,B组45例采用单纯TA-CE.比较两组近期疗效,1、2、3年生存率及死亡患者的平均生存时间及毒副作用.结果 随访率为100%,随访时间满1、2、3年者分别为55、19、6例.A组有效率为72%,B组为60%(χ~2=1.32,P>0.05).A和B两组1、2、3年生存率、死亡患者平均生存时间分别为83%、63%、25%、21个月和75%、37%、8%、16个月,两组差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.87,P<0.05).两组毒副作用相似.结论 TACE联合3DCRT治疗Ⅱ期原发性肝癌对远期生存有益且毒副作用无明显增加,是一种较单纯TACE更有效的手段.     

原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓术后双路介入治疗的效果评价

目的 评价可手术切除的原发性肝癌(primary hepatocellular carcinoma,PHC)合并门静脉癌栓(portal vein tumor thrombus,PVTT)患者仅行肝动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization,TACE)和经皮肝穿刺门静脉化疗(percutaneous transhepatic portal vein chemotherapy,PVC)联合TACE的治疗效果.方法 选择可手术切除的PHC合并PVTT患者36例,随机分成A、B两组,A组患者术后1个月肝功能基本正常后行TACE;B组患者术后1个月肝功能基本正常后行PVC,术后2个月肝功能基本正常后行TACE,对比两组患者的治疗效果和生存情况.结果 A组患者中位生存期13个月;B组患者中位生存期17个月.A组患者1年、2年、3年生存率分别为50.0%、22.2%、11.1%;B组患者1年、2年、3年生存率分别为77.8%、44.4%、33.3%,两组间生存率比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 合并PVTT的PHC患者手术切除后经双路(PVC+TACE)介入治疗比单纯TACE治疗更能提高治疗效果,延长患者生存时间.     

经皮门静脉穿刺注射IL_2联合TACE治疗肝癌门脉癌栓疗效观察

目的　探讨TACE与经皮肝穿门静脉注射白介素 2联合治疗肝癌并门脉癌栓患者的疗效。方法　 2 2例单纯TACE(对照组 ) ,16例TACE联合经皮门静脉注射IL2 治疗 (治疗组 )治疗肝癌 ,有效率和生存期进行对比分析。结果　肝癌瘤体变化 ,两组无明显差异 ;门脉癌栓 ,对照组消失率 4.5 %,缩小 36 .4%,总有效率 40 .9%,治疗组分别为 12 .5 %、5 0 %、6 2 .5 %;生存率 ,对照组 0 .5、1.0、1.5、2 .0年生存率分别为 45 .5 %、2 7.3 %、0和 0 ,治疗组分别为 5 6 .3 %、31.5 %、12 .5 %、6 .3 %,中位生存期分别为 5 .7M和 8.7M ,1.5、2 .0年生存率对比 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　TACE联合经皮门静脉注射IL2 可提高肝癌并门脉癌栓的疗效 ,延长生存期。     

三维适形放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗伴门静脉癌栓的临床观察

目的观察三维适形放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的疗效。方法 50例不能手术切除的PHC伴PVTT患者随机分为2组,A组根据癌栓位置先行TACE治疗1~2次,1~4周后行3DCRT,或先行3DCRT,1~2周后再行TACE治疗1~2次;B组仅行TACE治疗1~2次。大体肿瘤体积(GTV)仅包括癌栓,照射剂量为40~50 Gy,单次剂量为2~3 Gy,5次/周。比较两组疗效及不良反应。结果 A组1年生存率为28%,中位生存时间为10.3个月,有效率(CR+PR)为36%;B组1年生存率为24%,中位生存时间10.0个月,有效率为24%;P>0.05。结论3DCRT联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌伴PVTT疗效略优于TACE,但无统计学差异。     

三维适形放疗联合高强度聚焦超声治疗肝癌10例报道

目的 观察三维适形放疗(3DCRT)联合高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效.方法 中晚期肝癌10例给予3DCRT,照射剂量2～4 Gy/次,3～5次/周,总剂量40～60 Gy;3DCRT期间每周进行1次HIFU治疗,在3DCRT后2～4 h实施,共3～5次.结果 治疗后1个月3例部分缓解,3个月4例部分缓解,6个月6例部分缓解;6个月和1年生存率分别为80%和50%.结论 3DCRT联合HIFU治疗中晚期肝癌有效,且毒副反应轻.     

沙利度胺联合肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗原发性肝癌随机对照研究

背景与目的:肝动脉栓塞化疗(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)是治疗中晚期肝癌的重要手段.但是如何巩固TACE的效果,进一步提高中晚期肝癌的长期生存,是亟待研究与解决的重要问题.本研究旨在评价沙利度胺联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效,探索以介入治疗为主的中晚期肝癌的综合治疗模式.方法:以疾病进展时间、生存期为观察终点指标,采用前瞻性随机对照研究,对2004年8月至2006年8月入组的96例原发性肝癌患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组给予沙利度胺200 mg/d口服1～6个月联合TACE,对照组单纯行TACE.TACE用药选用吉西他滨0.4～1.6 g、奥沙利铂100～200 mg、氟尿嘧啶脱氧核苷0.5～1.0 g,栓塞剂选用碘化油、明胶海绵、无水乙醇.观察沙利度胺的不良反应,同时观察患者的生存期并作预后因素分析.结果:治疗组与对照组患者的中位生存期分别为18个月(95%可信区间12～24个月)、13个月(95%可信区间11～15个月),治疗组半年、1年、2年生存率为85.6%、66.2%、29.9%,对照组半年、1年、2年生存率为85.6%、57.2%、29.1%.治疗组与对照组中位疾病进展时间分别为181天(95%可信区间91～271天)和97天(95%可信区间33～161天),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).剔除口服沙利度胺不足1个月的病例后,治疗组与对照组中位生存期分别为28个月(95%可信区间11～45个月)和13个月(95%可信区间8～18个月);治疗组半年、1年、2年生存率为97.0%、75.3%、51.0%,对照组分别为84.8%、54.9%、24.6%.Kaplan-Meier生存曲线和log-rank检验结果表明,两组生存期相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组5例(11.1%)发生严重皮疹,3例(6.7%)严重嗜睡.Cox回归分析表明,TACE次数是影响肝癌预后的独立因素.结论:口服沙利度胺联合TACE较单纯栓塞化疗能明显延长患者疾病进展时间与生存期,TACE次数与预后相关.     

高强度聚焦超声联合肝动脉热化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌

 目的　观察高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）联合肝动脉热化疗栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效,并行临床分析。方法　2006年5月至2009年2月49例原发性肝癌患者接受HIFU治疗,其中30例患者行HIFU治疗前曾行肝动脉热化疗栓塞治疗（A组）,19例行单纯的HIFU治疗（B组）。治疗后定期复查甲胎蛋白（AFP）,1个月后复查超声或CT、MRI确定肿瘤是否完全坏死,以后每3个月复查。结果　HIFU联合肝动脉热化疗栓塞后血清AFP呈不同程度的下降,治疗前后差异有统计学意义。HIFU治疗后肿物回声有不同程度增强、CT／MRI呈典型的凝固性坏死表现。其中A组有效率86.6 %,B组有效率23.3 %,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。A组中位生存11.3个月,B组生存4个月;A组6个月、1年生存率分别为80.4 %、42.9 %,B组为13.2 %、0,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论　HIFU联合肝动脉热化疗栓塞能改善不能手术中晚期肝癌患者的生存,有望成为不能手术切除肝癌的一种有效手段。     

Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiotherapy and/or chemoembolization

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the outcome, patterns of failure, and toxicity for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with radiotherapy, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), or combined TACE and radiotherapy. Forty-two patients with unresectable HCC were treated with combined radiotherapy and TACE (TACE+RT group, 17 patients), radiotherapy alone (RT group, 9 patients), or with TACE alone (TACE group, 16 patients). Mean dose of radiation was 46.9 +/- 5.8 Gy in a daily fraction of 1.8 to 2 Gy, directed only to the cancer-involved areas of the liver. TACE was performed with a combination of Lipiodol, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and mitomycin C, followed by Gelfoam or Ivalon embolization. Tumor size was smaller in the TACE group (mean: 5.4 cm) compared with the TACE+RT group (8.6 cm) and the RT group (13.1 cm) (P = 0.0003). The median follow-up was 24 months in the TACE+RT group, 28 months in the RT group, and 23 months in the TACE group. Survival was significantly worse for patients treated with radiotherapy alone due to the selection bias of patients with more advanced disease and compromised condition in this group. In contrast, the TACE+RT and TACE groups had comparable survival (two-year rates: TACE+RT 58%, TACE 56%, P = 0.69). The local control rate for the treated tumors was similar in the TACE+RT and TACE groups (P = 0.11). The intrahepatic recurrence outside the treated tumors was common and similar between these two groups (P = 0.48). The extrahepatic progression-free survival was significantly shorter for patients in the TACE+RT group than in the TACE group (two-year rates: TACE+RT 36%, TACE 100%, P = 0.002). Seven patients died from complications of treatment. Local radiotherapy may be added to treat patients with unresectable HCC, and the control of progression of the treated tumors was promising even in patients with large hepatic tumors. Survival of patients with combined TACE and radiotherapy was similar to that with TACE as the only treatment, while a significant portion of the patients treated with radiotherapy developed extrahepatic metastasis.     

Comparative Study on Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization,Portal Vein Embolization and High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Sequential Therapy for Patients

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), combinedwith portal vein embolization (PVE), and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) sequential therapy in treatingpatients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Patients with inoperative HCC were treated by twomethods: in the study group with TACE first, then PVE a week later, and then TACE+PVE every two monthsas a cycle, after 2~3 cycles finally HIFU was given; in the control group only TACE+PVE was given. Response(CR+PR), and disease control rate (CR+PR+SD), side effects, overall survival and time to progress were calculated.Results: Main side effects of both groups were nausea and vomiting. No treatment related death occurred. In thestudy group, 32 patients received TACE for overall 67 times, PVE 64 times, and HIFU 99 times; on average 2.1,2 and 3.1 times for each patient, respectively. In the control group, 36 patients were given TACE 78 times andPVE 74 times, averaging 2.2 and 2.1 times per patient. Effective rate: 25.0% in study group and 8.3% in controlgroup (p>0.05). Disease control rates were 71.9% and 44.4%, respectively (p<0.05). In patients with portal veintumor thrombus, the rate reduced over 1/2 after treatment was 69.2%(9/13) in the study and 21.4%(3/14) in thecontrol group (p<0.05). Rate of AFP reversion or decrease over 1/2 was 66.7%(16/24) in study and 37%(10/27)(p<0.05) in control group. Median survival time: 16 months in study and 10 months in control group. PFS was7months in study and 3 months in control group. Log-rank test suggested that statistically significant differenceexists between two groups (p=0.024). 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 56.3%, 18.8% and 9.3% in study, while30.6%, 5.6% and 0 in control group, respectively, with statistically significant difference between two groups (byLog-rank, p = 0.014). Conclusions: The treatment of TACE+PVE+HIFU sequential therapy for HCC increasesresponse rate, prolong survival, and could thus be a safe and effective treatment for advanced cases.     

不同非手术治疗方案对老年性肝癌的疗效评价

 目的　探讨射频消融 (RF)术前行肝动脉化疗栓塞 (TACE)与RF术后行TACE两种联合治疗方案对老年性不可切除性肝癌的疗效。方法　将接受TACE与RF联合治疗的 6 9例不可切除性老年性肝癌患者分为两组。一组为TACE +RF组 ,35例 ;另一组为RF +TACE组 ,34例。分别将两组治疗后肿瘤缩小率 ,消融率 ,瘤周血流信号 ,AFP值及治疗后 6个月、12个月生存率进行对比。结果　两组间前述 5种指标均具有显著性差异 ,TACE +RF组优于RF +TACE组。结论　对于老年性不可切除性肝癌患者提倡采用TACE +RF联合治疗方案 ,即RF术前先行TACE ,以增强两治疗方法之间互补性与疗效。     

高强度聚焦超声与三维适形放疗治疗门静脉癌栓的对比研究

目的 对比分析肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）联合高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）与肝动脉栓塞化疗联合三维适形放疗（3-DCRT）治疗门静脉癌栓（PVTT）的疗效和不良反应。方法 回顾性分析我院65例原发性肝细胞肝癌（HCC）合并PVVT患者的治疗情况,TACE联合HIFU治疗34例（A组）、TACE联合3-DCRT治疗31例（B组） 。结果 A组的近期有效率为70.59% （24/34）,B组的近期有效率为67.74%（21/31）,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.804）。A组6月、1、2年的生存率为91.12%（31/34）、61.76%（21/34）、20.59%（7/34）,B组6月、1、2年的生存率为87.10%（27/31）、64.52%（20/31）;16.13%（5/31）;A组病例的生存期为3.8～25.6月,中位生存期13.4月,B组病例生存期4.3～24.8月,中位生存期为12.6月,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.167）,但B组不良反应发生率明显高于A组。结论 TACE治疗基础上,HIFU与3-DCRT治疗PVTT均具有较好的疗效,HIFU治疗的不良反应明显低于3-DCRT。     

外照射配合肝动脉栓塞治疗不能手术切除的原发性肝癌的临床研究

Objective: This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of external beam radiotherapy(RT)combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)on the patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods: From June 1994 to April 2002, 114 patients with unresectable HCC were nonrandomized prospectively stepped into our study.All patients received TACE as initial therapy, except 54 also received combination therapy with external beam therapy.Survival failure patterns were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results: Overall survival rates in the patients in the radiotherapy group were 65%, 47%, 38% at 1, 2, 3 years, respectively, improved over the non-radiotherapy group rates of 54%, 36.5%, 18% at 1, 2, 3 years, respectively.There was significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05).The survival rates correlated with tumor size, number of tumors, and portal vein embolus.Conclusion: TACE combined with RT is a more effective treatment than TACE alone in patients with unresectable HCC.     

Prognostic benefit in cytoreductive surgery for curatively unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma - comparison to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

As a strategy for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cytoreductive surgery was studied comparing to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Patients who had curatively unresectable intrahepatic multiple HCC with the main tumor 30 mm or more in size were selected for this study. The patients were classified into two groups; i) cytoreductive surgery group (CRS group): 28 patients in whom the main tumor was resected but other cancer nodules remained in the remnant liver, ii) TACE group: 25 patients at Child A grade who underwent TACE, and in whom it was also evaluated retrospectively that the main tumor had been resectable. The cumulative 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in CRS (48.7%) than TACE (17.1%) group. Multivariate analysis revealed that performing cytoreductive surgery was a significant and independent factor to prolong survival. However, 6 of 28 patients died within one year of surgery. Residual tumor thrombus, and the absence or non-effectiveness of adjuvant therapy were significant high risk factors for postoperative death within one year. Conclusively, cytoreductive surgery contributes to a significant lengthening of survival in patients with advanced HCC. To reduce the risk of early postoperative death, the importance of postoperative adjuvant therapy is also recognized.     

Radiotherapy combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma - a prospective clinical trial

Objective： This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of external beam radiotherapy （RT） combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） on the patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. Methods： From June 1994 to April 2002, 114 patients with unresectable HCC were nonrandomized prospectively stepped into our study. All patients received TACE as initial therapy, except 54 also received combination therapy with external beam therapy. Survival failure patterns were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results： Overall survival rates in the patients in the radiotherapy group were 65%, 47%, 38% at 1,2, 3 years, respectively, improved over the non-radiotherapy group rates of 54%, 36.5%, 18% at 1, 2, 3 years, respectively. There was significant difference between two groups （P 〈 0.05）. The survival rates correlated with tumor size, number of tumors, and portal vein embolus. Conclusion： TACE combined with RT is a more effective treatment than TACE alone in patients with unresectable HCC.     

Chemoembolization of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Decreased toxicity with slow-release doxorubicin‑eluting beads compared with lipiodol

Chemoembolization with lipiodol (TACE) improves survival of selected patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but results in substantial toxicity. To improve treatment tolerance, we conducted this phase II study using doxorubicin-loaded beads (DC Beads?) delivered by selective transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE). We compared the results with those obtained with TACE in our historical controls. Thirty-five patients were recruited with diagnoses of HCC. Patients received DEB-TACE with doxorubicin loaded on DC Beads. Computed tomography of the upper abdomen was performed one month after DEB-TACE. Historical controls were a group of 70 patients with matched characteristics treated with TACE. After a median follow-up of 14.1 months (range, 6-36 months), 22 patients (63%) had an objective response. There was a statistically significant decrease in liver enzymes (p<0.001), lactate dehydrogenase, (p<0.001) in DEB-TACE-treated patients compared to TACE-treated patients. DEB-TACE with doxorubicin-loaded DC Beads, a safe and reliable treatment for HCC, leads to decreased toxicity compared to TACE.     

Combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and local radiotherapy of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

PURPOSE: The best prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be achieved with surgical resection; however, the number of resected cases are limited due to advanced lesions or associated liver disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of a prospective trial of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and local radiotherapy (RT) in unresectable HCC. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with histologically proven unresectable HCC due to either advanced lesions or associated cirrhosis were eligible. From March 1992 to August 1994, 30 patients were entered into this study. TACE was performed with Lipiodol (5 ml) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin ; 50 mg), followed by gelatin sponge particle (Gelfoam) embolization. Local RT was started within 7-10 days following TACE. Mean tumor dose was 44.0+/-9.3 Gy in daily 1.8 Gy fractions. Response was assessed by computerized tomography (CT) scan 4-6 weeks following completion of the treatment and then at 1-3-month intervals. Survival was calculated from the start of TACE using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: An objective response was observed in 19 patients, giving a response rate of 63.3%. Distant metastasis occurred in 10 patients, with 8 in the lung only and 2 in both lung and bone. Survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 67%, 33.3%, and 22.2%, respectively. Median survival was 17 months. There were 6 patients surviving more than 3 years. Toxicity included transient elevation of liver function tests in all patients, fever in 20, thrombocytopenia in 4, and nausea and vomiting in 1. There was no treatment-related death. CONCLUSION: Combined TACE and local RT is feasible and tolerable. It gives a 63.3% response rate with median survival of 17 months. We feel that this regimen would be a new promising modality in unresectable HCC. Further study is required to compare the therapeutic efficacy of this regimen to TACE alone.