62例Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度的评价

根据手术病理分期（FIGO．1988）标准，Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌需判断肌层是否浸润及浸润深度，以止确判断预后和制定合适的术式。我们对62例Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌的资料进行回顾性分析，以探讨术前B超、术中肉眼观察、血清CA125对判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度的价值。     

40例子宫内膜癌手术前后诊断差异临床意义的比较分析

目的 分析子宫内膜癌手术前后临床与手术病理分期、病理类型及组织学分级,B超、CT及血CA125水平差异的临床意义。方法 回顾性分析1998年10月-2000年3月间经手术治疗的子宫内膜癌患者40例,术前行诊断性刮宫,确定病理诊断、临床分期,同时行阴道B超、CT检查及测定血清CA125,其中29例行盆腔、腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术,行手术病理分期,并对手术前后诊断存在差异进行比较分析。结果 临床分期误差率,Ⅰ期11.8％,Ⅱ期62.5％;以血CA125监测是否宫外扩散符合率87.5％;临床Ⅰ期淋巴结转移率5.3％,腹水细胞学检查阳性3.3％,肌层浸润者83.3％;Ⅱ期淋巴结转移率62.5％,腹水细胞学检查阳性50％,均有肌层浸润。结论 子宫内膜癌临床Ⅰ期、高分化、B超检查病变局限内膜及浅肌层,CT无淋巴结异常显示,患者术前与术后分期有很好的相关性,可缩小手术范围;术前CA125测定对监测宫外扩散有一定价值。     

磁共振成像对子宫内膜癌术前评估的价值

目的 探讨磁共振成像(MRI)在子宫内膜癌术前评估中的价值.方法 对2004年12月至2007年5月在北京大学临床肿瘤学院初次治疗的43例子宫内膜癌患者术前行MRI检查,并与术后手术病理分期进行对照研究.结果 MRI正确评估肿瘤浸润深度35例,错误评估8例,诊断准确率为81.4%.MRI对于肿瘤局限于子宫内膜层、浸润浅肌层及深肌层的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为100.0%,91.9%和93.0%;76.5%,96.2%和88.4%;80.0%,97.5%和95.3%.对于宫颈受累、侵犯浆膜层及淋巴结转移的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为:100%,97.5%和95.3%;85.7%,97.2%和95.3%;60%,97.4%和93.0%.MRI区分ⅠA、ⅠB、ⅠC期的准确性为82.1%,鉴别深肌层浸润(ⅠC)和浅表浸润(ⅠA+ⅠB)的准确性为92.9%.结论 MRI在判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度及宫颈有无受累方面具有很高价值.是一种较为准确的术前评估方法.     

淋巴结清扫术在Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌中的意义

目的　探讨盆腔淋巴结清扫术在Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌中的临床意义。方法　回顾性分析 1990年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,在我院住院治疗的Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌 112例 ,其中广泛或次广泛子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴结清扫术 6 6例 ,单纯广泛或次广泛子宫切除术 4 6例。结果　在 6 6例Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌中 ,发现 7例淋巴结转移 ,转移率为 10 6 %。Ⅰa期中无淋巴结转移 ;Ⅰb期转移率为 5 9% (2 34) ;Ⅰc期转移率为 2 5 % (5 2 0 )。Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌随着肌层浸润的加深其淋巴结转移率亦增加 ,P <0 0 5。而且特殊类型的子宫内膜癌其淋巴结转移率明显高于腺癌。但是行淋巴结清扫术与未行淋巴结清扫术的 5年生存率无差异。结论　Ⅰa期可以不做淋巴结清扫术 ,Ⅰc期和合并高危因素的Ⅰb期必须行盆腹腔淋巴结清扫术。且加强术前术中对肌层浸润程度的判断 ,以指导Ⅰ期亚分期的确定。淋巴结清扫术本身能否改善Ⅰ期患者的预后有待进一步研究。     

子宫内膜癌术前临床分期与手术病理分期的对照研究

目的探讨子宫内膜癌术前临床分期的应用价值。方法汕头大学肿瘤医院1996年1月至2004年6月对68例子宫内膜癌患者行术前超声检测、诊断性刮宫以及血清CA125水平测定后进行临床分期,并与术后手术病理分期进行比较。结果(1)超声诊断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润程度的准确率为868%;(2)诊断性刮宫诊断宫颈管是否受侵的准确率为912%;(3)子宫内膜癌I期血清CA125水平明显低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期,且手术病理分期愈晚,血清CA125的水平也愈高;(4)三种方法术前综合判断子宫内膜癌临床分期的准确率为824%。结论超声、诊断性刮宫以及血清CA125水平联合检测可提高子宫内膜癌术前临床分期的准确率,具较好的临床应用价值。     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声对子宫内膜癌肌层浸润程度的探讨

目的:探讨术前经阴道彩色多普勒超声(TVCDS)判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润程度的准确性及临床应用价值。方法:对51例术前行TVCDS检查、经手术病理证实为临床Ⅰ期的子宫内膜癌患者进行分析,根据二维图像特点和病灶内部及周围肌层的彩色血流情况,判断其肌层浸润程度,并与术后病理结果进行对照分析。结果: 51例患者术前超声均能正确诊断,超声判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润总符合率为72 55% (37 /51),浅肌层浸润符合率为69 .23% (18 /26),深肌层浸润的符合率为82. 35% (14 /17 )。结论:TVCDS能较准确地协助诊断子宫内膜癌并判断肌层浸润深度,为术前判断肌层浸润程度提供了有效途径。     

Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌扩大手术范围问题（附186例手术分析）

１８６例子宫内膜癌手术中，１０５例扩大了手术范围，研究发现，Ⅰ期癌盆腔淋巴结转移率为１１．６７％，其中Ⅰａ期无淋巴结转移，Ⅰｂ期盆腔淋巴结转移率为８．８２％，Ⅰｃ期则高达２１．０５％。故子宫内膜癌肌层浸润是盆腔淋巴结转移的重要因素。因肌层浸润深度可经Ｂ超、ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ等于术前确知，故术前临床分期宜选ＵＩＣＣ分期。凡有子宫肌层浸润的Ⅰ期癌均应扩大手术范围，这也符合１９８８年ＦＩＧＯ新临床手术分期的要求。     

磁共振成像对子宫内膜癌术前分期及肌层浸润的价值探讨

目的 :回顾性分析了子宫内膜癌的磁共振成像 (MRI)表现和手术病理结果 ,探讨MRI在子宫内膜癌的术前分期和肌层浸润中的诊断价值。方法 :1 9例子宫内膜癌的诊断和分期均经手术和病理检查确诊 ,术前MRI检查采取横断位和矢状位的T1W和T2W成像 ,子宫内膜癌MRI分期按 1 988年FIGO分期原则。结果 :MRI分期的准确率达 78 9% ,其中对Ⅰ期的准确率为 92 .8% ,Ⅱ期的准确率为 1 0 0 % ,Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期的总准确率为 93 .7% ;对肌层浸润定位的准确率为85 .7%。结论 :MRI是子宫内膜癌术前分期和肌层浸润定位的一种优越方法。     

术前诊刮后病理分级和术中肉眼判断肌层浸润深度预测临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌高危因素的准确性评价

目的 评价术前诊刮后病理分级和术中肉眼判断肌层浸润深度预测临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌高危因素[即术前诊刮后病理分级为G,和(或)术中肉眼判断肌层浸润深度≥1/2]的准确性.方法 收集1999年1月-2008年12月在浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院接受手术治疗的687例临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌患者的临床病理资料,对术前和术中预测存在高危因素者实施腹膜后淋巴结切除术.以手术切除的子宫标本的病理诊断为"金标准",评价术前和术中预测高危因素的准确性,并分析其影响因素.结果 术前和术中预测临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌存在高危因素需行腹膜后淋巴结切除术的敏感度为70.4%,特异度为80.2%,准确率为77.6%,假阴性率为12.0%,假阳性率为43.0%,阳性预测值为57.0%,阴性预测值为88.0%.单因素分析显示,临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌患者的年龄、绝经与否、病灶大小、宫颈受累与否、淋巴结转移与否及子宫外转移与否明显影响术前和术中预测高危因素的准确性(P＜0.05);多因素分析显示,患者的年龄、病灶大小、淋巴结转移与否及子宫外转移与否足影响术前和术中预测高危因素的准确性的独立因素(P＜0.05).结论 术前诊刮后病理分级和术中肉眼判断肌层浸润深度预测临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌需行腹膜后淋巴结切除术的町靠性较高;但预测其不需行淋巴结切除术的假阴性率较高,需结合患者的年龄、病灶大小及是否疑有淋巴结或子宫外转移综合判断.     

磁共振扩散加权成像在Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌肌层浸润中的诊断价值

目的:探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)在Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌肌层浸润中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析42例术后病理检查证实为Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者术前磁共振(MR)检查资料,分别采用DWI和磁共振动态增加扫描(DCE)图像分析肿瘤肌层浸润深度,并与手术病理结果对照。结果:DWI和DCE图像诊断肿瘤浸润子宫浅肌层的敏感度、特异度分别为83.3%、91.7%和88.9%、95.8%;诊断肿瘤浸润子宫深肌层的敏感度、特异度分别为91.7%、83.3%和95.8%、88.9%,两种方法比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。DWI序列诊断肿瘤浸润浅、深肌层的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.800、0.705,与DCE(0.833、0.750)相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:DWI对判断Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌肌层浸润具有较高的诊断价值,与DCE均可作为优选序列用于子宫内膜癌的术前分期。     

Preoperative assessment of deep myometrial and cervical invasion in endometrial carcinoma: Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and gross visual inspection

Abstract. Cunha TM, Félix A, Cabral I. Preoperative assessment of deep myometrial and cervical invasion in endometrial carcinoma: Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and gross visual inspection.
This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of deep myometrial invasion and cervical extension by endometrial carcinoma. We also aimed to compare MRI results to surgical staging of endometrial carcinoma. Forty women with a histologic diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma underwent a preoperative pelvic MRI. In 33 cases intraoperative gross visual inspection (GVI) of the surgical specimen was also evaluated. The results obtained were compared with the histologic diagnosis. Pathologic evaluation of the myometrium determined that superficial invasion was present in 25 patients and deep invasion in 15. The uterine cervix was found to be involved in 12 cases. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of MRI and GVI were 93%/91%, 80%/77%, and 100%/100%, respectively, in detecting deep myometrial invasion and 80%/79%, 33%/36% and 100%/100%, respectively, in determining cervical invasion. When the Kappa statistical measurement was applied, the results from each technique, MRI and GVI, showed an agreement on the evaluation of myometrial and cervical invasion by endometrial carcinoma. In conclusion, MRI, in this series, was demonstrated to be a reliable method for preoperative endometrial carcinoma "imagiological staging". The high accuracy achieved by MRI and GVI suggests that they may be used interchangeably.     

Predictors of final histology in patients with endometrial cancer

OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of preoperative tumor grade and intraoperative assessment of gross depth of myometrial invasion as "predictors" of final grade, final depth of myometrial invasion and surgical stage in patients with "low-risk" endometrial cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively compared preoperative histology and intraoperative gross depth of invasion with final pathologic evaluation on hysterectomy specimens. For patients traditionally considered intraoperatively to be "low-risk" for lymph node metastasis (grade 1 or 2 adenocarcinoma with less than 50% myometrial invasion), "predictors" combining preoperative histology and intraoperative gross depth of myometrial invasion were established; that is, a preoperative biopsy of grade 1 adenocarcinoma with an intraoperative gross depth of myometrial invasion of 30% was assigned the predictor IbG1 (Stage Ib, grade 1). These predictors were then compared to final grade and surgical stage. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were then calculated. RESULTS: A total of 153 patients had both a preoperative biopsy and intraoperative assessment of gross depth of invasion. Twenty-four patients had the IaG1 predictor; eight had stage IaG1 on final pathologic evaluation (sensitivity, 0.50; specificity, 0.88; positive predictive value, 0.33). Eight patients had the IaG2 predictor; none had stage IaG2 on final pathologic evaluation (sensitivity, 0; specificity, 0.95; positive predictive value, 0). Eighty-nine patients had the IbG1 predictor; forty-six had stage IbG1 on final pathologic evaluation (sensitivity, 0.72; specificity, 0.52; positive predictive value, 0.52). Thirty-two patients had the IbG2 predictor; 11 had stage IbG2 on final pathologic evaluation (sensitivity, 0.46; specificity, 0.84; positive predictive value, 0.34). CONCLUSION: A clinically significant number of patients will have more advanced disease than predicted by preoperative or intraoperative prognostic factors. These predictors should not be relied on in the staging of endometrial cancer.     

经阴道三维超声诊断子宫内膜癌的探讨

目的探讨经阴道三维超声（3-DTVS）诊断子宫内膜癌及肌层浸润的价值。方法收集2003年4月-2005年4月在我院经手术治疗的子宫内膜癌患者72例。其中，术前64例（3-DTVS组）应用3-DTV多平面和血管成像技术以及体积测量功能诊断子宫内膜癌及肌层浸润深度进行评估；25例（MRI组）经核磁共振（MRI）检查为对照组，以手术后病理结果判断符合率，对比两组诊断子宫内膜癌及其肌层浸润情况。结果经3-DTVS诊断子宫内膜癌的符合率为89．1％，判断肌层浸润的符合率为77．1％。应用3-DTVS与MRI诊断子宫内膜癌及肌层浸润准确率两组间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论3-DTVS在诊断子宫内膜癌及肌层浸润深度有诊断价值。     

Preoperative Serum CA 125 Level as a Predictor for Metastasis and Survival in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer

ObjectiveWe wished to determine the relationship between preoperative serum CA 125 levels and the risk of metastatic disease, recurrent disease, and death in women with endometrial cancer.MethodsWe reviewed the records of women with endometrial adenocarcinoma of all stages who underwent primary surgery. We abstracted multiple data variables, including demographic characteristics, serum CA 125 levels, postoperative histopathology results, progression-free survival, and overall survival rates.ResultsThe records of 97 women with endometrial carcinoma were analyzed. With a serum CA 125 cut-off level of 35 kU/L, the likelihood of disease-related death could be predicted with 70% sensitivity and 83% specificity; disease progression could be predicted with 60% sensitivity and 84% specificity; and lymph node metastasis could be predicted with 75% sensitivity and 84% specificity. There was a significant relationship between a serum CA 125 level ≥ 35 kU/L and depth of myometrial invasion, cervical stromal invasion, stage, frequency of recurrence, and disease-related death. Having deep myometrial invasion, cervical stromal involvement, positive peritoneal cytology, lymph node metastasis, disease recurrence, and disease-related death were each associated with significantly higher mean CA 125 levels. In women with serum CA 125 levels < 35 kU/L, fiveyear progression-free survival rates (88%) and overall survival rates (92%) were significantly better than in women with levels ≥ 35 kU/L (57% and 70%, respectively; P = 0.001 for both).ConclusionSerum CA 125 levels and extension of disease are highly correlated in women with endometrioid endometrial cancer, and elevated CA 125 levels predict a higher risk of disease recurrence and death.     

Prediction of myometrial invasion in patients with endometrial carcinoma: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging, transvaginal ultrasonography, and gross visual inspection

This study evaluated the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) in preoperative detection of myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer. We also evaluated the results of gross visual inspection (GVI) of surgical specimens compared with histopathological diagnosis. One hundred and seventy-seven women underwent preoperative pelvic MRI, TVUS, and intraoperative GVI. Myometrial tumor invasion was evaluated histologically and classified as absent (depth a), superficial (depth b: < or = 50% invasion), or deep (depth c: > 50% invasion). The accuracy of MRI, TVUS, and GVI were 64.0, 66.9, and 63.8%, respectively. The positive predictive values of of each modality for depth a were 52.6, 51.4, and 52.2%, respectively. The accuracy of each in detecting deep myometrial invasion (depth c) were 84.0, 86.9, 83.1%. Although evaluation of depth a was limited with all modalities, MRI and TVUS were shown to be reliable for preoperative evaluation of deep myometrial invasion. The high accuracy of these three methods suggests that they are useful either interchangeably or in combination.     

Combined use of preoperative transvaginal ultrasonography and intraoperative gross examination in the assessment of myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of gross examination and transvaginal ultrasonography in the assessment of the depth of myometrial infiltration when they are used alone or together as a combined test.

Study design

The data of 219 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of endometrial cancer were evaluated retrospectively. Transvaginal ultrasound was carried out as a part of the routine preoperative work-up within three days of surgical intervention in all cases. All patients underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and routine surgical staging and all uterine specimens were examined immediately after hysterectomy. The depth of myometrial invasion was classified into two groups: no or <50% invasion and ≥50% invasion. The findings of ultrasound and intraoperative gross examination were compared with the final histopathological results. The data of these two methods were integrated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the combined test. If the results of myometrial invasion evaluation were different for the same patient, the deeper one (the depth of invasion ≥50%) was accepted.

Results

Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of preoperative ultrasonography in predicting myometrial infiltration ≥50% were 62%, 81%, 60%, 82%, and 75% respectively. The corresponding rates for intraoperative gross examination were 61%, 88%, 70%, 83% and 79%, respectively. For the combined test they were 78%, 76%, 60%, 88% and 70% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in sensitivity and specificity between ultrasound and gross examination. The sensitivity of the combined test was significantly higher than that of ultrasound and gross examination (p = 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The specificity of the combined test was significantly lower than that of TVS and gross examination (p = 0.008 and p < 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusion

Combining ultrasonography and intraoperative gross examination may be a good option to assess the depth of myometrial invasion, as it has a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value in comparison to using these methods alone.     

43例子宫内膜癌血清SA、CP_2、CA_(125)的研究

目的 评价血清SA、CP_2、CA_(125)在子宫内膜癌诊断及判断预后中的意义。方法 测定43例子宫内膜癌病人和30例对照正常女性静脉血清SA、CP_2、CA_(125)值,并分析其与疾病分期、细胞分化、瘤组织侵肌、腹水癌细胞阳性和淋巴结转移等预后因素之间的关系。结果 在子宫内膜癌病人中,SA灵敏度和特异度分别为24/43(55.81％)、26/30(86.67％);CP_2为22/43(51.16％)、29/30(96.67％);CA_(125)为9/43(20.93％)、30/30(100％)。CP_2升高程度与瘤组织侵肌正相关;CA_(125)升高程度与瘤细胞分化、病人分期正相关。联合3项指标检测,灵敏度和特异度可达81.39％、83.33％。结论 SA、CP_2单项检测子宫内膜癌灵敏度高于CA_(125);并且CP_2与CA_(125)升高程度将影响病人的预后;联合多项指标检测有可能优于单项。     

Determination of a Normal Level of Serum CA125 in Postmenopausal Women as a Tool for Preoperative Evaluation and Postoperative Surveillance of Endometrial Carcinoma

In an attempt to determine a normal level of CA125 in postmenopausal women, CA125 levels of normal postmenopausal women (n= 36, 58.2 ± 8.1 years) and postmenopausal women undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (n= 111, 56.8 ± 6.1 years) were studied. A mean CA125 concentration of 10.0 ± 3.8 U/ml was found in postmenopausal women without HRT and was significantly lower than that of postmenopausal women undergoing HRT (12.8 ± 3.8 U/ml), indicating that the cutoff level of CA125 in postmenopausal women or women without reproductive organs should be estimated at a level lower than that conventionally accepted. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for a preoperative evaluation of myometrial invasion was analyzed in postmenopausal women with endometrial cancer (n= 110). A novel cutoff level of 20 U/ml of CA125 could detect myometrial invasion to more than one-half of the myometrium with sensitivity of 69.0%, specificity of 74.1%, positive predictive value of 58.8%, and negative predictive value of 81.6%. In addition, the distribution of CA125 levels was analyzed in patients who had undergone an operation for endometrial cancer more than 2 years earlier and as yet had no clinical evidence of recurrence of the disease. Ninety-six point two percent of 619 measurement values were lower than 20 U/ml. These results suggest that the novel CA125 level of 20 U/ml is clinically useful for preoperative evaluation and postoperative surveillance of endometrial carcinoma.     

Clinical value of intraoperative gross examination in endometrial cancer

We present the largest multicenter study evaluating whether intraoperative visual estimation can accurately assess the depth of myometrial invasion in patients with endometrial cancer. The study population consisted of 403 consecutive women who underwent total hysterectomy for endometrial cancer. After the uterus was removed, a visual estimate of depth of gross myometrial invasion was recorded. The uterus was opened, the endometrial cavity was inspected, and one or more full-thickness incisions were made through the tumor, myometrium, and serosa. An intraoperative estimation of gross myometrial invasion was made and classified as more or less than 50% of the uterine wall. Gross visual estimation accurately identified the microscopic myometrial invasion in 85.3% (344/403) of cases. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of gross estimation in determining a microscopic myometrial invasion greater than 50% were 73.0, 92.5, 85.0, and 85.5%, respectively. Among patients in whom the myometrial invasion was underestimated at gross examination the tumoral invasion was limited to the inner two thirds of the myometrium in 45% (18/40) of cases and the distance from the tumor-myometrial junction to the uterine serosa was greater than 3 mm in 65% (26/40) of cases. We conclude that gross estimation of myometrial invasion is a reliable and inexpensive method for evaluating the invasiveness of uterine carcinomas and that deciding to perform an extensive surgical staging upon gross estimation will be in accordance with the final histopathologic report in about 9 of 10 cases.