大豆异黄酮对急性衰老小鼠学习记忆障碍的改善作用

目的 研究大豆异黄酮对D-半乳糖所致急性衰老小鼠学习记忆障碍保护作用及其作用机理.方法 皮下注射D-半乳糖 150 mg/d共6周,实验组腹腔注射大豆异黄酮0.3、0.6、0.9 mg/kg共6周后,用跳台、避暗等实验方法测定小鼠学习记忆能力,同时测定小鼠脑内乙酰胆碱脂酶(AchE)及脑B型单胺氧化酶(MAO-B)的含量.结果 D-半乳糖所致急性衰老小鼠记忆能力明显降低,表现为避暗、跳台实验的错误次数明显增加,以及增加脑B型单胺氧化酶含量及脑内AchE的含量,大豆异黄酮各剂量组能够减少小鼠电击次数(错误次数),24 h重复实验,可延长跳下平台的潜伏期及进入暗箱的潜伏期,错误次数明显减少.同时降低了脑内AchE和MAO-B.结论 大豆异黄酮对D-半乳糖所致痴呆小鼠学习记忆障碍具有保护作用,能增强学习记忆能力,可能和大豆异黄酮具有抗氧化能力、能降低脑内AchE活性有关.     

石菖蒲远志散对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠学习记忆的影响

[目的]观察朝药石菖蒲远志散对阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型小鼠学习记忆的影响.[方法]将小鼠随机分成正常对照组、模型对照组、脑复康组及石菖蒲远志散大、中、小剂量组.腹腔注射给予小鼠D-半乳糖和亚硝酸钠建立AD模型,同时灌胃给予不同剂量的石菖蒲远志散4周,利用Morris水迷宫法评价学习记忆功能;采集血清测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量.[结果]与模型对照组比较,石菖蒲远志散大剂量组小鼠搜索站台的潜伏期均明显缩短(P<0.05),大、中剂量组在原站台所在象限停留时间明显延长(P<0.05);石菖蒲远志散大剂量组小鼠血清中SOD活性明显增加(P<0.01),大、中剂量组小鼠血清中MDA含量明显降低(P<0.01).[结论]朝药石菖蒲远志散可预防D-半乳糖和亚硝酸钠所致AD模型小鼠学习记忆功能减退,其机制可能与抗氧化作用有关.     

螺旋藻多糖对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠脑线粒体氧化应激保护

目的：探索螺旋藻多糖对D-半乳糖联合亚硝酸钠诱导的阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型小鼠脑线粒体损伤的抗氧化保护作用。方法小鼠腹腔注射D-半乳糖120 mg/kg和亚硝酸钠100 mg/kg制备AD模型。将40只小鼠按数字编号随机分为正常组(C组)、模型组(M组)以及3个剂量实验组,每组8只,3个剂量实验组分别给予螺旋藻多糖灌胃低剂量(El组)6.7 mg·kg-1·d-1,中剂量(Em组)67.0 mg·kg-1·d-1,高剂量(Eh组)134.0 mg·kg-1·d-1,连续8周,在给药第8周后,进行Morris水迷宫实验和生化指标测试。结果与M组相比,Em组、Eh组120 S内跨越平台的次数和在目标象限的探索时间均明显增加(P<0.05);小鼠脑部β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ1~42)含量减少,依次是M组>El组>Em组>C组>Eh组。氧化应激指标：与M组相比,锰超氧化物歧化酶（Mn-SOD）活性均有提高(P<0.05),依次是C组(64.22±22.31) Um/mg>Eh组(58.36±21.30) Um/mg>Em组(56.58±15.66) Um/mg>E1组(55.32±21.25) Um/mg>M组(42.68±11.58) Um/mg;活性氧(NOS)含量Eh组(30.70±4.68) mmol/L显著下降(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)活性Em、Eh组[(35.55±7.97) nmol/mg、(30.51±8.74) nmol/mg]显著下降;与E1组相比,Eh组抗氧化效果最好。结论螺旋藻多糖对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠脑线粒体氧化应激有保护作用,是脑线粒体营养素,高剂量效果最佳。     

远志散对东莨菪碱致记忆获得性障碍模型小鼠行为学和脑内AchE活性的影响

【目的】观察远志散对东莨菪碱致记忆获得性障碍模型小鼠行为学及脑内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性的影响。【方法】将60只昆明种小鼠按体质量随机分为空白组,模型组,阳性药组,远志散低、中、高剂量组。除空白组和模型组给予等体积生理盐水,其他各组给予相应药物10 d后,腹腔注射东莨菪碱(3 mg/kg)复制记忆获得性障碍模型。造模结束后,采用Morris水迷宫和跳台试验观察小鼠学习记忆能力,行为学测试结束后检测各组小鼠脑内AchE活性。【结果】与模型组比较,各治疗组均可缩短模型小鼠Morris水迷宫试验逃避潜伏期(P0.05),增加有效区停留时间及游泳路程(P0.05),延长跳台试验的潜伏期(P0.05),降低模型小鼠脑内AchE活性(P0.05)。各治疗组组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。【结论】远志散对东莨菪碱致记忆获得性障碍模型小鼠的学习记忆能力有一定的改善作用,可能与抑制脑内AchE活性有关。     

D-半乳糖致脑老化小鼠的物体识别能力障碍研究

目的应用物体识别方法研究D-半乳糖长期注射致脑老化小鼠模型的学习记忆能力,并比较物体识别方法与Morris水迷宫方法对该模型测试的灵敏性.方法 C57BL/6小鼠,随机分成正常对照组、D-半乳糖低剂量组(50mg/kg,sc)、D-半乳糖高剂量组(100mg/kg,sc),连续造模8周.以物体识别方法和Morris水迷宫方法测试各组动物的学习记忆能力.结果在物体识别测试中, D-半乳糖高剂量组分辨指数(15.71±3.94)较对照组(45.89±7.41)减低具有非常显著性意义 (P<0.001),低剂量分辨指数(24.69±6.25)与对照组的差异也存在显著性意义(P<0.05).在Morris水迷宫测试中,D-半乳糖高剂量组动物逃逸潜伏期比对照组延长有显著性意义(P<0.01);高剂量组在目标象限空间探索所停留时间与游泳距离比均较正常对照组减少有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论 D-半乳糖可导致小鼠出现显著的物体识别能力障碍,用物体识别测试方法比Morris水迷宫方法更灵敏地反映该模型小鼠的学习记忆障碍.     

益寿丸对衰老模型小鼠学习记忆的影响

目的 研究益寿丸对D-半乳糖(D-gal)所致衰老小鼠学习记忆的影响,探讨其抗衰老的作用机制.方法 采用D-半乳糖复制亚急性衰老小鼠模型.采用跳台实验和避暗实验进行行为学测定;以乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性、氧化亚氮(NO)含量和氧化亚氮合酶(NOS)活性为指标,观察其对衰老小鼠学习记忆的影响.结果 益寿丸能提高衰老小鼠的学习记忆成绩,明显降低衰老小鼠脑组织中AchE及NOS活性,降低NO含量.结论 益寿丸能显著改善D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠学习记忆障碍,其作用机制可能与保护胆碱能神经系统并调节大脑NO/NOS水平有关.     

中药健脑合剂改善小鼠学习记忆作用及其机理初探

目的 观察中药健脑合剂对正常及记忆障碍小鼠学习记忆的影响。并初步探讨其作用机理。方法 用跳台法、避暗法与电迷宫试验检测正常小鼠和由东莨菪碱,亚硝酸钠及乙醇所致记忆障碍小鼠及D-半乳糖与三氯化铝模型小鼠的学习记忆能力,测定大鼠胆碱酯酶活性、LPO含量与全血SOD活性小鼠缺氧耐力。结果 健脑合剂14g/kg和28g/kg可显著增强正常小鼠被动学习能力,改善由东莨菪碱,亚硝酸钠及乙醇所致记忆获得,记忆巩固及记忆再现障碍,显著增强三氯化铝小鼠与D-半乳糖模型小鼠的被动学习能力;同时对常压缺氧,亚硝酸钠及断头缺氧显示出较好的保护作用,拮抗痴呆小鼠脑湿重减轻及显著降低脑胆碱酯酶活性,提高D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠的全血SOD活性及抑制脑LPO生成,结论 健脑合剂能提高正常小鼠,记忆障碍模型小鼠及三氯化铝与D-半乳糖模型小鼠小鼠学习记忆功能,其机制可能与提高大脑血氧水平,影响中枢M胆碱能系统与体内自由基平衡有关。     

广藿香醇对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍小鼠学习记忆功能的影响

目的研究广藿香醇对东莨菪碱所致获得性学习记忆障碍小鼠学习记忆功能的影响。方法采用 Morris 水迷宫检测小鼠学习记忆能力,广藿香醇 (80、40、20 mg/kg) 连续预防给药 10 d,训练前 15 min ip 给予东莨菪碱 (1.5 mg/kg)。行为学测试完成后,脑匀浆检测乙酰胆碱脂酶 (AchE),丁酰胆碱脂酶 (BuchE) 以及胆碱乙酰转移酶(Chat) 活性,免疫组化检测脑 M1 受体水平。结果与模型组相比,广藿香醇 (80、40 mg/kg) 组小鼠学习记忆能力显著增强,脑 AchE 活性显著下降,而 Chat 活性显著提高,脑内 M1 受体水平也显著提高。结论广藿香醇具有促进东莨菪碱小鼠学习记忆的作用,该作用可能与其抑制脑内 AchE 活性,提高 Chat 活性和 M1 受体水平有关。     

川芎嗪对三氯化铝致阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的 观察川芎嗪(TMP)对阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型小鼠学习记忆能力的改善作用及其机制.方法 采用AlCl3灌胃方法建立AD模型小鼠,灌胃给予TMP(200 mg·kg-1)观察疗效,榆测各组小鼠的逃避潜伏期、腩组织AChE、SOD活性、MDA含量及大脑皮层AB、NF-κB表达的变化.结果 1)TMP可使A1C13诱导的AD模型鼠的逃避潜伏期显著缩短(P＜0.05);2)TMP可使AlCl3诱导的AD模型鼠脑组织中AChE活性降低19%[(1.37±0.13)U·mgpro-1,(1.69 4-0.27)U·mgpro-1,P=0.016];使SOD活性提高39%[(55.81±10.25)U·mgprot-1,(40.04±13.06)U·mgprot-1,P=0.026];使MDA含量降低34%[(43.63±13.27)nmol·mgprot-1,(28.59±8.52)nmol·mgprot-1,P=0.023];3)TMP可明显降低AD模型鼠腩组织中AB、NF-κB的表达(P＜0.05).结论 TMP可改善化学诱导的AD模型小鼠学习记忆能力障碍,可能机制与提高SOD活件、降低MDA含量、降低AChE活性、降低脑绀织中AB、NF-κB的表达等相关.     

阿尔茨海默病与野生型小鼠海马中CREB1活性差异研究

目的:检测阿尔茨海默病(Alzhemer’s disease,AD)和野生型对照组小鼠海马CREB1蛋白的活性及意义?方法:D-半乳糖90 mg/(kg·d)联合三氯化铝(AlCl3)40 mg/(kg·d)连续90 d腹腔注射制造AD小鼠模型;通过糖水偏好实验及Y-迷宫实验初步鉴定模型复制成功;免疫组化检测?比较AD及野生型对照组小鼠海马CA1?CA3和DG区CREB1和p-CREB1蛋白表达水平?结果:与对照组比较,AD模型组小鼠糖水偏好百分比明显下降(P < 0.01)?AD组小鼠对新异臂的空间辨别能力明显低于野生型对照组(P﹤0.01)?与野生型对照组相比,AD小鼠海马CA1?CA3和DG区CREB1?p-CREB1蛋白阳性表达强度低,阳性颗粒数目少(P﹤0.01)?结论:D-半乳糖联合AlCl3通过抑制海马组织关键核转录因子CREB1的活性,影响神经元的存活?损伤后的修复及神经细胞再生,导致小鼠学习记忆能力受损,进而引起AD的发生?发展?     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.