改良Stoppa入路治疗骨盆髋臼骨折

目的探讨改良Stoppa入路治疗骨盆、髋臼骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法应用改良Stoppa入路手术治疗18例涉及前柱的髋臼骨折和骨盆前环骨折的患者,其中5例患者辅以髂窝入路或后方K-L入路。应用Matta标准和Majeed功能评分系统对骨折复位及术后功能进行评价。结果切口长度6~12 cm,手术时间50~150 min,术中出血量400~1 000 ml。患者均获得随访,时间12~36个月。根据Matta标准,12例解剖复位,6例复位满意。末次随访时根据Majeed标准评定疗效:优13例,良5例。结论改良Stoppa入路适用于前路手术的骨盆、髋臼骨折的治疗,其显露充分,骨折复位方便,并发症少,疗效满意。     

改良Stoppa入路在不稳定骨盆与髋臼骨折内固定术中的应用

目的比较髂腹股沟入路与改良Stoppa入路切开复位内固定治疗不稳定骨盆与髋臼骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-02—2018-02手术治疗的106例不稳定骨盆与髋臼骨折,53例采用改良Stoppa入路行切开复位内固定(观察组),53例采用髂腹股沟入路行切开复位内固定(对照组)。结果 106例均获得至少12个月随访,随访期间未出现深部感染、骨折不愈合、内固定断裂等并发症。观察组切口长度较对照组短,术中出血量较对照组少,并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但两组切口显露时间、术后住院时间、骨折复位质量、髋关节功能D’AubignePostel评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良Stoppa入路切开复位内固定治疗不稳定骨盆与髋臼骨折疗效优于髂腹股沟入路手术,术中创伤小,骨折复位固定可靠,患者恢复良好。     

新改良Stoppa入路治疗骨盆、髋臼骨折

目的 总结新改良Stoppa入路治疗骨盆、髋臼骨折的临床经验,探讨其应用价值.方法 采用新改良Stoppa入路手术治疗骨盆、髋臼骨折患者19例.骨盆骨折者采用前路钢板固定后应用骨盆外固定器进行固定;髋臼骨折者如后柱骨折移位较大,联合应用髋关节后外侧入路.结果 切口长度10～13(11.04±0.73)cm,手术时间80～270(120.33±35.80)min,术中出血量400～1 200(601.47±176.92)ml,无手术并发症.根据Matta评分对术后X线片进行测量,骨折复位优16例,良3例.15例患者获得随访,时间3～9个月.13例功能满意,2例患侧髋部偶有疼痛,其中1例有轻度跛行.结论 新改良Stoppa入路具有切口小、解剖清晰、固定操作简单等优点,作为髂腹股沟入路之外的选择,在治疗骨盆、髋臼骨折时具有独到的应用价值.     

经改良Stoppa入路治疗骨盆髋臼骨折的临床体会

目的探讨采用改良Stoppa入路治疗骨盆、髋臼骨折的手术方法和初步体会。方法采用改良Stoppa入路治疗16例骨盆、髋臼骨折。术前均摄骨盆正、斜位X线片和三维CT检查,体外模拟骨折复位与固定。术中采用仰卧位或漂浮体位,通过改良Stoppa入路或联合髂窝入路与K-L入路,直视下复位骨折,透视证实复位满意后采用重建钢板内固定。结果切口长度6.5-12 cm,手术时间40-160 min,术中失血50-1 000 ml。术后X线片显示骨盆、髋臼骨折复位满意。16例获随访6～12个月。疗效根据Matta功能标准评定:优9例,良6例。无坐骨神经损伤、深静脉血栓和骨折再移位发生。结论改良Stoppa入路联合髂窝或K-L入路治疗骨盆、髋臼骨折暴露充分、操作简单、效果可靠,尤其适用于双侧耻骨骨折和四边形面内移的髋臼骨折。     

改良Stoppa入路与髂腹股沟入路手术治疗骨盆髋臼骨折疗效比较

目的比较改良Stoppa入路与髂腹股沟入路手术治疗骨盆髋臼骨折的疗效差异。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年12月在广州军区广州总医院行手术治疗并获得完整随访的98例骨盆髋臼骨折患者的临床资料,其中改良Stoppa入路组48例、髂腹股沟入路组50例。临床评估指标包括手术切口长度、手术时间、出血量、骨折复位满意度、术后髋关节功能评分、手术并发症等。结果所有患者获6个月至5年随访(平均12个月)。改良Stoppa入路组和髂腹股沟入路组手术切口长度、手术时间、出血量分别为(9.2±2.7)cm和(15.1±4.3)cm、(1.7±0.7)h和(2.0±0.5)h、(545±230)m L和(721±156)m L,前者明显优于后者(P0.05)。改良Stoppa入路组和髂腹股沟入路组复位优良率、末次随访Matta功能评分优良率分别为94%(45/48)和92%(46/50)、96%(46/48)和96%(48/50),两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。改良Stoppa入路组术后深静脉血栓2例,髂腹股沟入路组切口浅表感染1例、深静脉血栓1例、股外侧皮神经麻痹3例、腹股沟疝1例;两组手术并发症发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良Stoppa入路手术治疗骨盆髋臼骨折效果可靠,与传统髂腹股沟入路相比,可以缩小手术切口、缩短手术时间、减少手术出血及术后并发症,在显露髋臼四边体、高位耻骨支及双侧骨盆髋臼损伤方面更具优势。     

改良Stoppa入路手术治疗髋臼骨折的体会

目的探讨改良Stoppa入路在髋臼骨折手术治疗中的应用。方法笔者自2012-01—2015-12应用改良Stoppa入路手术治疗26例髋臼骨折,观察术后疗效。结果术后骨折复位情况根据Matta影像学评分标准评定:解剖复位6例,满意复位18例,不满意复位2例。26例获平均16.5(6~26)个月随访,末次随访疗效按照Matta功能评分标准评定:优15例,良10例,可1例。结论改良Stoppa入路在手术治疗髋臼骨折时能清楚显露耻骨梳、髋臼内壁、方形区,方便骨折复位固定,并发症少,疗效满意。     

Stoppa入路治疗骨盆、髋臼骨折的疗效

目的探讨应用Stoppa手术入路治疗骨盆、髋臼骨折的疗效。方法采用Stoppa入路切开复位内固定治疗20例骨盆、髋臼骨折患者,其中骨盆骨折12例,髋臼骨折8例。12例骨盆骨折中使用Stoppa入路8例,Stoppa入路联合髂窝入路4例;8例髋臼骨折中使用Stoppa入路4例,Stoppa入路联合K-L入路2例,联合髂窝入路2例。结果 20例均获得随访,时间12~36个月。骨折均愈合。术后根据Matta影像学评分:12例骨盆骨折复位均为优,髋臼骨折复位优6例、良2例。依据改良的Merle d'Aubigne-Postel髋关节评分标准评价疗效:优18例,良2例。结论 Stoppa入路治疗骨盆、髋臼骨折可以获得良好的放射学及临床结果,对骨盆高位耻骨支骨折及髋臼四边体骨折的治疗具有优越性。     

Stoppa入路在骨盆髋臼骨折中的初步应用

目的 探讨在骨盆髋臼骨折中采用耻骨联合上缘横形或下腹正中切口,真骨盆内操作(Stoppa人路)的初步临床经验. 方法对2008年3月至11月问应用Stoppa入路治疗的10例骨盆髋臼骨折患者进行总结.5例骨盆患者均为Tile C型,Stoppa入路复位同定前环的高位耻骨支骨折.髋臼骨折为横行2例,双柱、T型及后柱(四边体粉碎骨折伴中心脱位)骨折各1例,单纯Stoppa入路2例,联合Kocher-Langenbeck及髂腹股沟入路3例. 结果所有骨盆骨折均复位优,所有髋臼骨折均解剖复位.Stoppa入路平均切口长度10 cm(9～12 cm),平均手术时间88 min(75～105 min),半均出血560 mL(250～800 mL),无手术并发症.7例获得4～8个月随访,功能结果均满意. 结论 Stoppa入路可以替代髂腹股沟入路治疗高位耻骨支骨折,也可单独或联合其他入路治疗髋臼骨折,具有操作简单、并发症少的优点.     

Stoppa入路在骨盆髋臼骨折中的初步应用

目的 探讨在骨盆髋臼骨折中采用耻骨联合上缘横形或下腹正中切口,真骨盆内操作(Stoppa人路)的初步临床经验. 方法对2008年3月至11月问应用Stoppa入路治疗的10例骨盆髋臼骨折患者进行总结.5例骨盆患者均为Tile C型,Stoppa入路复位同定前环的高位耻骨支骨折.髋臼骨折为横行2例,双柱、T型及后柱(四边体粉碎骨折伴中心脱位)骨折各1例,单纯Stoppa入路2例,联合Kocher-Langenbeck及髂腹股沟入路3例. 结果所有骨盆骨折均复位优,所有髋臼骨折均解剖复位.Stoppa入路平均切口长度10 cm(9～12 cm),平均手术时间88 min(75～105 min),半均出血560 mL(250～800 mL),无手术并发症.7例获得4～8个月随访,功能结果均满意. 结论 Stoppa入路可以替代髂腹股沟入路治疗高位耻骨支骨折,也可单独或联合其他入路治疗髋臼骨折,具有操作简单、并发症少的优点.     

Stoppa入路在骨盆髋臼骨折中的初步应用

目的 探讨在骨盆髋臼骨折中采用耻骨联合上缘横形或下腹正中切口,真骨盆内操作(Stoppa人路)的初步临床经验. 方法对2008年3月至11月问应用Stoppa入路治疗的10例骨盆髋臼骨折患者进行总结.5例骨盆患者均为Tile C型,Stoppa入路复位同定前环的高位耻骨支骨折.髋臼骨折为横行2例,双柱、T型及后柱(四边体粉碎骨折伴中心脱位)骨折各1例,单纯Stoppa入路2例,联合Kocher-Langenbeck及髂腹股沟入路3例. 结果所有骨盆骨折均复位优,所有髋臼骨折均解剖复位.Stoppa入路平均切口长度10 cm(9～12 cm),平均手术时间88 min(75～105 min),半均出血560 mL(250～800 mL),无手术并发症.7例获得4～8个月随访,功能结果均满意. 结论 Stoppa入路可以替代髂腹股沟入路治疗高位耻骨支骨折,也可单独或联合其他入路治疗髋臼骨折,具有操作简单、并发症少的优点.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last few years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of National Hip Fracture Databases, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last ten years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of The National Hip Fracture Database, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus, we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Fracture of the talus

Summary A total of 218 talar injuries were studied with particular attention to the nature and extent of associated injuries. In 96 patients (44%) there was a fracture of one of the neighbouring bones, viz. 59 fractures of the ankle, 27 of the calcaneum, and 11 of the navicular. Talar injury, ankle fracture, and calcaneal fracture co-existed in 7 patients. Among the cases complicated by ankle fractures 15 were open (25%) and many affected the trochlea (37%). Thirty-six (61%) of the ankle fractures associated with talar injuries were of the supination type, 8 of the pronation type, 5 of the pronation-external rotation type, and 2 of the supination-external rotation type. Of the talar injuries occurring in a supinated foot about half were shearing fractures of the talar neck. Of the 27 calcaneal fractures 11 were compression fractures with depression of the joint surface, whereas the others were non-displaced shearing fractures or avulsion fractures. It is concluded that as a rule the talar injury is not isolated, but associated with a more extensive regional injury and that a supination force is the decisive factor causing a talar injury.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié 218 traumatismes de l'astragale en tenant particulièrement compte de la nature et de l'étendue des lésions associées. Chez 96 blessés (44%), il existait une fracture d'un os voisin, à savoir: 59 fractures du cou-de-pied, 27 du calcanéum et 11 du scaphoïde tarsien. Sept fois, la lésion astragalienne était associée à une fracture du cou-de-pied et du calcanéum. Parmi les cas compliqués de fractures bimalléolaires, 15 étaient ouverts (25%) et plusieurs (37%) siégeaient au niveau de la poulie astragalienne.Trente-six (61%) des lésions associées du cou-de-pied étaient des fractures par supination, 5 étaient des fractures par pronation et 2 par supination-rotation externe. La moitié environ des traumatismes astragaliens survenus sur un pied en supination étaient des fractures par cisaillement du col de l'astragale. Parmi les 27 fractures du calcanéum, 11 étaient des fractures par compression, avec enfoncement thalamique, tandis que les autres étaient des fractures sans déplacement, par cisaillement, ou des fractures par avulsion.Les auteurs concluent qu'en règle un traumatisme de l'astragale n'est pas isolé mais associé à des lésions régionales plus étendues et qu'une force s'exerçant en supination constitue le facteur déterminant des lésions traumatiques de l'astragale.

     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的不同手术方法、手术时机及治疗效果。方法对1999年5月至2006年6月间46例严重Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定、有限内固定结合外支架固定及三叶草钢板内固定等方法进行手术治疗。按AO分类方式，所有患者均为C型，C1型10例，C2型22例，C3型14例。开放性骨折11例。闭合性骨折35例。结果所有患者术后均获得8～48个月的随访，平均20个月。踝关节功能按Mazur评价，优21例，良12例，可8例，差5例。主要并发症包括2例皮肤坏死，2例皮肤软组织感染，1例骨感染。5例钉道感染。结论 严重Pilon骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及医疗条件选择不同的手术方式和手术时机，均可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Trochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures: One Year Follow-up of a Prospective Study of Ender and McLaughlin Osteosynthesis

The clinical and social status of 110 patients with trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures was evaluated in a prospective and comparative study 1 year after Ender or McLaughlin osteosynthesis.

In both groups the mortality rate during the first year was 21 per cent. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning pain, hip movement, walking ability or the social status of the patients. Of the 110 patients surviving the first year, 35 per cent were unable to walk, 20 per cent walked with a cane or crutches and 30 per cent had periodic pains in the hip or knee. About 20 per cent of the patients admitted from their own home now lived in nursing homes.     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

Unusual combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist: a case report

All perilunate fracture-dislocations combine ligament ruptures, bone avulsions, and fractures in a variety of clinical forms. The most frequent is the dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. In rare cases, however, these dislocations also have been associated with capitate fractures, triquetral fractures, or lunate fracture. We report a combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist that was not associated with perilunate dislocation.     

Fractures of the thumb and finger metacarpals in athletes

Most metacarpal fractures are minimally displaced and are treated without surgery. Markedly displaced fractures, fractures causing finger rotation, and displaced intra-articular fractures require surgical intervention. The challenge with the elite athlete is achieving an early return to play without compromising fracture position. Casts, splints, and surgery each have a role in getting the athlete back into action as soon as possible.