改良髋臼后壁解剖万向覆压型固定钢板在髋臼后壁骨折中应用

目的比较改良髋臼后壁解剖万向覆压型固定钢板内固定与普通重建钢板内固定治疗髋臼后壁骨折的疗效。方法将42例髋臼后壁骨折患者分别行改良髋臼后壁解剖万向覆压型钢板内固定术(万向组,20例)与重建钢板内固定术(重建组,22例)。结果患者均获得随访,时间12～24个月。与万向组比较,重建组手术出血量多、手术时间与住院时间长,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。术后髋关节功能:重建组优14例,良5例,可2例,差1例;万向组优16例,良3例,可1例;两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论改良髋臼后壁解剖万向覆压型钢板治疗髋臼后壁骨折术中螺钉固定方便、牢固,术后功能恢复好,术后并发症少,可作为髋臼后壁骨折手术治疗的选择方式。     

微型钉在髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折中的应用

目的:介绍微型钉在髋臼后壁骨折中的应用.方法:2004年4月至2010年5月共手术治疗髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折23例,年龄30～55岁,平均41岁.术中采取微型钉固定骨折碎块.结果:按Matta标准,解剖复位16例,满意复位5例,不满意复位2例.结论:微型钉的应用是治疗髋臼后壁骨折的有效方法.     

钛网结合重建钢板内固定治疗髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折

目的探讨钛网结合重建钢板内固定治疗髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法采用钛网结合重建钢板内固定治疗18例髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折。结果 18例均获随访6～24个月,平均12个月。骨折复位质量根据Matta影像学评定标准评估:优14例,良3例,差1例。髋关节功能根据改良d’Aubigne-Postel标准进行评定:优14例,良2例,差2例。结论该术式可有效复位、固定每一块碎骨片,恢复髋臼关节面的平整,降低并发症发生率。     

解剖型锁定钛板内固定治疗股骨中下段长段粉碎性骨折

笔者自2009年7月～2011年7月采用锁定钛板内固定治疗股骨中下段长段粉碎性骨折26例,现报告如下. 1临床资料 1.1一般资料本组26例,男18例,女8例;年龄22～62岁,平均42.8岁.受伤原因:车祸伤22例,坠落跌倒伤6例.     

髋臼镍钛记忆合金三维内固定系统治疗陈旧性髋臼后壁骨折合并骨缺损

目的探讨应用髋臼镍钛记忆合金三维内固定系统(acetabular tridimensional memory alloy-fixationsystem,ATMFS)结合自体髂骨解剖重建髋臼后壁骨折合并骨缺损的临床效果。方法 2002年1月-2009年2月,收治17例陈旧性髋臼后壁骨折合并骨缺损患者。男11例,女6例;年龄20～60岁,平均41.7岁。骨折至该次入院时间为14～180 d,平均63 d。髋臼关节面移位均≥3 mm。骨缺损按照美国骨科医师协会(AAOS)髋臼骨折缺损分型标准:Ⅰ型4例,Ⅱ型6例,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ型2例。手术去除残留的髋臼后壁骨折块和增生软组织,复位股骨头后取自体游离髂骨植于后壁缺损处,ATMFS固定重建髋臼后壁,加用人工韧带重建髋关节囊韧带,防止股骨头再脱位。结果术后3 d骨折复位按照Matta影像评定标准:优8例,良6例,可2例,差1例,优良率为82.3%。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无坐骨神经损伤发生。患者术后均获随访,随访时间1～8年,平均3.9年。术后2～6个月骨折均愈合,平均3.6个月。术后1例发生股骨头缺血性坏死,1例发生髋臼周围异位骨化。术后1年,患者髋关节功能按照Merle d’Aubigné-Postel的评分系统评价:获优9例,良6例,可1例,差1例,优良率为88.2%。结论 ATMFS结合自体髂骨游离移植,利用人工韧带重建髋关节囊韧带,是治疗髋臼后壁陈旧性骨折合并骨缺损的有效方法,它可以恢复髋关节的后方稳定,防止股骨头再脱位。     

手术内固定治疗髋臼后壁粉碎骨折

2005年10月～2011年10月,我科对16例髋臼骨折患者采用切开复位内固定治疗,取得较好疗效,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组16例,男11例,女5例,年龄29～75岁。合并伤:髋关节脱位9例,股骨头骨折3例,坐骨神经损伤2例,腹腔脏器损伤2例。     

重建钢板在髋臼后壁骨折中的应用

自1995年1月-2002年8月用重建钢板治疗髋臼后壁骨折24例，疗效满意，现报告如下。     

自制弹簧钢板在髋臼后壁骨折手术中的应用

目的探讨自制弹簧钢板在手术治疗髋臼后壁骨折中的应用及疗效。方法 2013年6月-2017年6月,收治髋臼后壁骨折患者38例。男27例,女11例;年龄28~68岁,平均53岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤18例,高处坠落伤15例,跌倒伤5例。其中,单纯后壁骨折4例,后壁骨折伴髋关节后脱位18例,后壁骨折伴后柱骨折10例,后壁骨折伴横断骨折6例。受伤至入院时间1~4 d,平均2.5 d;受伤至手术时间4~8 d,平均5 d。采用Kocher-Langenbeck入路(35例)和联合髂腹股沟入路(3例)复位骨折后,首先采用弹簧钢板压住固定后壁骨折,然后使用重建钢板压住弹簧钢板固定于后柱。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间12~36个月,平均28个月。发生创伤后坐骨神经损伤5例及术中牵拉致坐骨神经损伤2例,均在术后3个月完全恢复。影像学复查示骨折均愈合,骨折愈合时间10~16周,平均12周。随访期间无内固定物断裂和失效发生;末次随访时发生股骨头坏死2例,创伤性关节炎1例,骨化性肌炎1例。术后12个月根据Harris评分标准评价髋关节功能,获优27例,良5例,可2例,差4例。结论髋臼后壁骨折术中使用弹簧钢板固定后壁骨折块后,再使用重建钢板压住弹簧钢板固定于后柱,具有手术操作简便、固定可靠的优点。     

解剖型钢板治疗肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折

目的探讨解剖型钢板内固定治疗肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法对18例成人肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折采用后路经鹰嘴V形截骨、尺神经前置、解剖型钢板内固定,术后早期功能锻炼。均于术后4、10周及6、12个月摄片复查,了解骨折愈合情况。结果随访12-30个月,术后12-18周骨折全部愈合。肘关节功能用改良Cassebaum评分系统评价：优9例,良5例,可2例,差2例。术后尺神经麻痹1例于术后6个月完全恢复;术后5周肘关节异位骨化1例,1例因糖尿病切口延迟愈合。结论解剖型钢板治疗肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折,固定牢靠,术后可早期功能锻炼。     

3D打印多孔钛钢板一体化植入体修复髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折合并骨缺损的初步研究

目的 :探讨应用计算机辅助设计(computer aided design,CAD)结合3D打印技术对髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折合并骨软骨缺损进行修复重建的可行性,评估多孔钛合金支架钢板一体化植入体复合氮化钛生物陶瓷涂层的生物力学性能。方法:基于连续断层CT图像,利用CAD软件来构建具有特定三维内部结构的多孔钛钢板一体化植入体数字模型,以Ti6Al4V粉末为原材料打印出实体并于其关节面复合氮化钛涂层,观察植入体与髋臼匹配和贴附情况;利用Ansys软件进行有限元建模,分析正常组、传统组及植入体组髋臼在相同载荷状态下的应力分布、应力传导及形变位移等情况,验证植入体的生物力学性能。结果:植入体的多孔钛合金支架与髋臼匹配程度良好,钢板形态基本与骨表面贴附,根据Matta复位标准评定为优。有限元分析结果显示:植入体重建后髋臼在Von Mises应力峰值13.38 MPa接近正常组13.11 MPa,小于传统组15.66 MPa;植入体重建后的髋臼在应力分布和传导与正常组基本一致,稍优于传统组;植入体的最大相对位移为0.166 mm,处于可以接受的范围。结论:3D技术制备的多孔钛合金支架钢板一体化植入体复合氮化钛涂层具备优良的匹配度和生物力学性能;解剖重建使后壁头臼应力分布及传导恢复比较理想,接近正常的髋关节,其为临床治疗髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折合并严重骨缺损的病例提供新选择。     

K-L入路重建钢板交叉固定治疗髋关节后脱位伴髋臼后壁粉碎骨折

目的探讨经K-L入路采用3.5 mm重建钢板+T型弹性钢板交叉固定治疗髋关节后脱位伴髋臼后壁粉碎骨折的效果。方法采用K-L入路重建钢板交叉固定治疗25例髋关节后脱位伴髋臼后壁粉碎骨折患者。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~32个月,骨折均骨性愈合。Matta影像学评分:优19例,良4例,差2例。关节功能Merle d'Aubigné评分:优18例,良3例,可2例,差2例。结论 3.5 mm重建钢板+T型弹性钢板交叉固定能够为髋臼后壁提供足够的稳定性,利于患者早期功能锻炼,促进髋关节功能恢复,是治疗髋关节后脱位伴髋臼后壁粉碎骨折的有效方法。     

Use of tricortical iliac crest strut autograft in comminuted posterior wall acetabular fractures: A case series

Purpose

The results for fixation of comminuted posterior wall acetabular fractures are not very promising with reported complications in terms of osteoarthritis, nonunion and malunion which subsequently require conversion to total hip arthroplasty. The conversion to total hip arthroplasty is possible in patients over 50 years of age but not in younger patients. So this requires new methods for salvage of the native hip in young patients.

涉及髋臼顶的髋臼后壁骨折手术治疗效果

目的观察涉及髋臼顶的髋臼后壁骨折手术治疗效果。方法选择我院2011年~2017年髋臼后壁及髋臼顶骨折的36例患者,观察采用Kocher-Langenbeck入路切开复位重建钛板内固定治疗疗效。结果骨折复位按照Matta标准评价:解剖复位24例,复位满意10例,复位欠佳2例,随访时间6~20个月,平均12个月,所有骨折均固定愈合,内固定无松动,骨折移位2例,髋臼顶再骨折1例,评定关节功能参照Epstein标准,关节功能优22例,良8例,一般4例,差2例,结论涉及髋臼顶的髋臼后壁骨折不仅需要解剖复位,还需要对髋臼顶进行坚强的固定。     

Precontoured buttress plate vs reconstruction plate for acetabulum posterior wall fractures: A biomechanical study

BACKGROUND The purpose of open reduction and internal fixation of acetabulum posterior wall fractures is to restore anatomical structure and stability of the hip joint, in order to start weight bearing as soon as possible and prevent hip arthrosis; restoration of the anatomy should preserve function of the joint as well. Although "special shaped precontoured plates" have been developed in recent years for surgical treatment of this region, studies comparing the traditional plates with the newly designed precontoured plates are lacking.AIM To evaluate the biomechanical properties of precontoured anatomic buttress and conventional curved reconstruction plates(CCRPs) for posterior wall acetabulum fracture treatment.METHODS Twelve pelvis models were created for testing plate treatment of fracture in the posterior wall of the acetabulum. These 12 pelvis models were used to create 24 hemipelvis models(experimental) by cutting from the sagittal plane and passing over the center of gravity, after which the posterior wall acetabular fractures(of similar type and size) were created. In these experimental models, the right acetabulum was fixed with a 5-hole CCRP, while the left was fixed with a precontoured anatomic buttress plate(PABP). Samples were placed through thetest device and were subjected to static load testing, with a constant testing velocity of 2 mm/min until the load reached 2.3 kN or the acetabular fixation failed. Dynamic tests were also performed with sinusoidal wave load, with a maximal load of 2.3 kN and a load ratio of 0.1.RESULTS The average stiffness values were 460.83 ± 95.47 N/mm for the PABP and 291.99± 118.58 N/mm for the 5-hole CCRP. The precontoured anatomic acetabulum buttress plates had significantly higher rigidity than the CCRPs(P = 0.022). There was a statistically significant difference between the unloaded and 2.3 kN-loaded values of AL(posterosuperior fracture line vertical to the ground surface) and CL(posteroinferior fracture line vertical to the ground surface) parameters for both the PABPs and the 5-hole CCRPs(P = 0.036 and P = 0.045, respectively).According to the static tests, the amount of total displacement was significantly less in the PABPs than in the CCRPs. Comparative analysis of the displacement in the BL(posterior wall fracture line horizontal to the ground) parameter yielded no statistically significant differences between the PABP and the 5-hole CCRPs(P= 0.261).CONCLUSION PABP provides more stable fixation in acetabulum posterior wall fractures than5-hole CCRP, allowing for proximal or distal fracture line screw application without reshaping.     

髋臼后方包容角法和Keith法评价髋臼后壁骨折稳定性的对比研究

目的探讨髋臼后方包容角法评价髋臼后壁骨折髋臼后方稳定性的临床价值。方法选取30例单侧髋臼后壁骨折患者,在CT上分别采用髋臼后方包容角法和Keith法评估髋臼后方的稳定性,并对判定结果进行对比。结果髋臼后方的完全包容角、稳定包容角和不稳定包容角的平均值分别为92.38°±10.53°、73.86°±9.36°、51.90°±6.43°,2名测量人员自身和两者之间的组内相关系数(ICC)均0.95,说明此方法的可信度高且可重复性好。Keith法和髋臼后方包容角法对髋臼后方稳定性的判定结果具有高度一致性,Kappa值为0.824。以髋臼后方稳定性试验为参照,髋臼后方包容角法判定髋臼后方稳定性的特异性、敏感性和准确率均高于Keith法,但差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.834、0.764、0.904,P0.05)。结论髋臼后方包容角法与传统的Keith法在髋臼后壁骨折稳定性的判定结果基本一致,但该法不需参照对侧,操作简单,实用性强,尤其适用于对侧髋臼合并骨折或有先天性畸形的患者。     

髋臼横形伴后壁骨折的诊断和治疗

目的探讨髋臼横形伴后壁骨折的诊断方法和治疗效果.方法15例髋臼横形伴后壁骨折,通过X线平片、CT平扫及重建图像确诊,均手术治疗,其中改良Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路10例、前后联合入路5例,均采用钢板和拉力螺钉固定.结果随访1～4年(平均2年),关节功能按改良d'Aubigne和Postel功能评定标准,解剖复位者12例中关节功能优良10例、可2例;复位欠佳2例中关节功能良1例、可1例;不满意复位1例关节功能差.结论髋臼横形伴后壁骨折一般采用手术治疗,手术入路为改良K-L入路或前后联合入路,骨折固定方法应满足解剖复位、坚强固定和安全的要求.     

髋臼横断伴后壁骨折的手术治疗

目的 总结髋臼横断伴后壁骨折手术治疗的临床疗效.方法 1993年8月- 2005年1月北京市顺义区院骨科手术治疗有明显移位的髋臼横断伴后壁骨折45例46髋,获得完整随访.影像学结果采取Matta放射学标准进行评价,临床效果采取改良的Merle d'Aubigné和Postel评分系统进行评价.结果 45例患者均获随访,随访时间16 ～48个月,平均34个月,复查X线片显示骨折均获愈合,愈合时间3～5个月.根据Matta的X线片评估标准:优17髋,良18髋,中7髋,差4髋；优良率76％.根据改良的Merle d' Aubigné和Postel评分系统对临床结果评估:优14髋,良22髋,中8髋,差2髋；优良率78.3％.结论 髋臼横断伴后壁骨折行手术治疗可以取得满意疗效,选择合适的手术时机、合理的手术入路、骨折解剖复位、坚强内固定是取得满意疗效的关键.     

Fixed angle plate fixation of comminuted patellar fractures

IntroductionComminuted patella fractures are uncommon and difficult fractures to manage. Multiple treatment modalities have been suggested, with little clinical data to support practice. Recent biomechanical and technical investigations have described successful plate fixation of comminuted patella fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate radiographic, clinical and functional outcome of comminuted patella fractures treated with a fixed angle locking plates. We believe stable fixation, which results in successful fracture union and functional recovery, can be achieved with this technique.Materials and methodsA retrospective review was performed at a single regional academic Level 1 trauma hospital. All comminuted patella fractures treated with a fixed angle locking plate (AO/OTA 34C2 and C3) over a six-year period were evaluated. Thirty-six patients were identified. Average length of follow up was 154 weeks (range 12–297 weeks). Twenty patients were available for functional outcome scoring. Primary outcome measures were: Knee Outcome Score (KOS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LES) and goniometer measured knee range of motion. Secondary outcomes evaluated the need for additional screw or cerclage fixation, reoperation for any reason, bothersome hardware, infection and nonunion.ResultsAverage KOS = 57.2 (20–74), average LES = 58.9 (15–80). Median extension = 0° (full extension), median flexion = 130°. Supplemental screws were used in 17/36 cases; cerclage used in 2/36 cases. Hardware irritation was noted in 4/20 patients, no patient requested elective hardware removal, one patient had failure of fixation and no nonunions were identified.ConclusionFixed angle plate stabilization of comminuted patella fractures is a viable technique for fracture fixation. Good to excellent return of knee function and low complication rates, including need for hardware removal, can be expected.