颈前路减压融合两种内固定的进展

退行性颈椎间盘疾病（即颈椎病）是一种常见病,严重影响人们的身体健康和生活质量。颈椎前路减压融合术是治疗颈椎病的经典术式,但采取不同颈椎前路内固定系统会对手术产生不同的影响,相对于传统钛板联合融合器减压内固定系统,颈椎前路零切迹内固定系统具有能够显著缩短手术时间、减少术中出血量、降低术后吞咽困难和喉痛发生率以及预防邻近节段退变等优点。本文就两种颈前路内固定系统在手术治疗颈椎病中的优缺点做一综述。     

零切迹锚定式颈椎间融合器在颈前路颈椎融合术中的应用

[目的]探讨应用零切迹锚定式颈椎融合器颈前路手术治疗颈椎病的临床疗效。[方法]2011年8月~2013年1月对44例颈椎病患者70个间盘采用零切迹锚定式颈椎融合器在椎间盘切除减压的基础上进行椎间融合。其中应用MC+32例(单嵌片)56个间盘,ROIC 12例(双嵌片)14个间盘。初次手术42例,因复发二次手术2例。全部病例得以随访,了解治疗效果与评分,通过X线片、CT、部分病例行MRI检查,了解椎间融合情况,有无松动移位等。应用日本骨科学会(JOA)评分标准进行评分。[结果]术后随访34~24个月,平均28个月,患者症状和体征都有明显改善。JOA评分:术前平均为(6.0±3.0)分,术后平均为(13.6±1.6)分,差异有统计学意义(F=17.62,P﹤0.05)。70个节段均获得骨性融合,融合时间为2.5~6个月,平均3.6个月,未见任何松动移位及异位骨化,相邻节段未见明显退变。[结论]颈椎前路椎间盘切除减压术后应用零切迹锚定式椎间融合器(MC+和ROIC)效果可靠,融合率高,尤其适合多节段融合。     

零切迹椎间融合器治疗跨节段脊髓型颈椎病早期临床疗效分析

目的探讨采用零切迹椎间融合器(Zero-P)行前路椎间盘切除减压植骨融合内固定术(anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF)治疗跨节段脊髓型颈椎病(cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年7月-2018年7月采用零切迹椎间融合器(Zero-P组)和颈前路钢板+Cage治疗的跨节段CSM患者(钢板组)各24例。对两组患者的手术疗效、影像学指标和并发症情况进行分组比较。结果两组患者术后疼痛缓解及神经功能恢复情况基本相同;但术后12个月时,Zero-P组的上下相邻节段椎间盘退变程度明显小于传统组,而传统组在颈椎Cobb角维持方面则具有优势。结论Zero-P治疗跨节段CSM,融合节段椎体高度未明显丢失,虽然颈椎Cobb角变化不及颈前路钢板+Cage,但责任节段上下相邻椎间盘未出现退变征象,保留了一定的颈椎活动度,中短期临床疗效良好。     

零切迹椎间融合器与微型钢板在颈椎管狭窄症一期前后路联合手术中应用的疗效观察

目的 研究颈椎前路零切迹椎间融合器与后路单开门椎管减压微型钢板内固定在颈椎管狭窄症一期前后路联合手术中应用的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析自2017-03—2021-02采用一期前后路联合手术治疗的64例颈椎管狭窄症,颈椎前路采用零切迹椎间融合器固定,颈椎后路行单开门椎管减压微型钢板内固定。比较术前与术后1年颈椎JOA评分、疼痛VAS评分、NDI指数、手术节段椎间隙高度、颈椎曲度。结果 64例均获得随访,随访时间12～60个月,平均25个月。术后所有患者脊髓功能明显改善,未出现颈前不适感、吞咽困难、颈后轴性疼痛等症状。术后3个月MRI显示颈椎管扩大良好,脊髓前后压迫均完全解除。术后1年颈椎CT显示手术节段椎间隙融合良好,椎板单开门状态维持良好,无再关门现象发生。术后1年X线片显示颈椎生理曲度维持良好,未出现内固定松动、断裂。术后1年神经功能JOA评分、疼痛VAS评分、NDI指数、手术节段椎间隙高度、颈椎曲度较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 颈椎前路零切迹椎间融合器与后路微型钢板的应用有利于颈椎管狭窄症一期前后路联合手术更广泛开展,手术安全性提高,可以有效避免...     

颈椎自锁PEEK椎间融合器在颈椎病治疗中的应用

目的评价应用颈椎自锁PEEK椎间融合器前路减压治疗颈椎病的疗效。方法应用颈椎自锁PEEK椎间融合器治疗颈椎病患者18例,观察椎间融合器的稳定性和融合情况,采用Borden法测量椎间隙高度、颈椎曲度,对术前和术后JOA评分、椎间隙高度、颈椎曲度等指标进行统计学分析。结果 18例患者均获随访,时间6～42个月,未见严重并发症。术后6个月提示椎间骨性融合。椎间高度:术前为(3.26±0.68)mm,术后1周为(6.03±0.89)mm(P<0.01);术后6个月为(5.89±0.78)mm,与术后1周比较变化不大(P>0.05)。颈椎生理弧度:术前为(2.55±0.48)mm,术后1周为(3.24±0.67)mm(P>0.05);术后6个月为(8.14±1.17)mm,与术后1周比较明显改善(P<0.01)。末次随访根据JOA评分法进行疗效评价:优4例,良9例,可3例,差2例。结论颈椎自锁PEEK椎间融合器可以有效恢复颈椎生理曲度及椎间隙高度,可以获得满意的融合率,改善颈脊髓功能。     

颈前路减压零切迹融合与钛板联合cage融合术后相邻节段退变的比较

目的比较颈前路减压钛板联合cage植骨融合内固定与零切迹椎间融合治疗单节段颈椎病术后对邻近节段退变的影响。方法回顾性分析自2009-06—2013-05采用颈前路减压钛板联合cage融合内固定(钛板组)及颈前路减压零切迹椎间植骨融合内固定术(零切迹组)治疗的49例颈椎病,钛板组24例,零切迹组25例。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、NDI指数、JOA评分、Bazaz吞咽困难分级,测量颈椎曲度、相邻椎体角度位移及水平位移。结果 2组手术时间(t=0.789,P=0.347)、术中出血量(t=1.488,P=0.303)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。49例均获得随访24~60个月,平均37.8个月。零切迹组吞咽困难发生例数少于钛板组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3.984,P=0.043)。术后6个月、末次随访时的NDI指数及JOA评分均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术后6个月及末次随访时颈椎曲度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但钛板组术后6个月及末次随访时角度位移和水平位移均大于零切迹组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论颈前路减压钛板联合cage融合内固定与零切迹融合均能良好地改善临床症状和维持颈椎曲度,在减少吞咽困难、相邻椎体角度位移及水平位移方面,零切迹系统具有一定优势。     

两种不同颈前路固定系统治疗双节段脊髓型颈椎病早期临床效果观察

目的 比较颈椎前路椎间盘切除减压术(Anterior cervical decompression and fusion operation,ACDF)术中使用ROI-C零切迹自稳型颈椎融合器与钛板联合cage治疗双节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2018-01-2019-12诊治的83例双节段脊髓型颈椎...     

Zero-P椎间融合术治疗颈椎间盘突出并脊髓损伤的疗效观察

目的探讨颈前路减压零切迹椎间融合术(Zero-P)治疗外伤性颈椎间盘突出并脊髓损伤的疗效。方法回顾分析我院2011年1月至2014年12月42例外伤性颈椎间盘突出并脊髓损伤患者的资料,其中男30例,女12例;年龄29~70岁,平均年龄48岁。Frankel分级A级4例,B级15例,C级18例,D级5例。均采用颈椎前路椎间盘切除、零切迹椎间融合术,于术前、术后3个月及末次随访时记录Frankel分级情况及JOA评分改善率评价治疗效果。结果 42例均顺利完成手术,术后切口均甲级愈合,随访6~36个月,平均15个月;术后除3例Frankel分级A级患者无恢复外,其余患者恢复1~4个等级。术后3个月时JOA评分为(15.3±1.5)分,改善率为(56.8±15.8)%;末次随访时JOA评分为(15.8±1.5)分,改善率为(66.0±13.0)%。随访中未见内置物松动或断裂等并发症发生,固定节段均获得骨性融合。结论颈前路减压零切迹椎间融合术治疗外伤性颈椎间盘突出并脊髓损伤疗效确切,可获得较理想的脊髓功能恢复效果。     

零切迹颈椎前路椎间融合固定系统治疗颈椎病及无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤

目的：探讨零切迹颈椎前路椎间融合固定系统（简称 Zero-P 系统）治疗颈椎病及无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤患者的临床疗效。方法对行颈椎前路手术的14例颈椎病患者（16节段）和5例无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤患者（5节段）采用 Zero-P 系统进行减压固定。观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后早期并发症;颈椎病患者采用 JOA 评分评价疗效。结果手术时间为55～120（75±16）min;术中出血量为50～450（150±85）ml。术后11例出现吞咽困难,2～5 d 基本恢复,未出现其他早期并发症。患者均获随访,时间3个月～3年6个月,末次随访时14例颈椎病患者 JOA 评分改善率为72．7％,其中优9例,良3例,中2例;5例颈脊髓损伤患者Frankel 分级均为 E 级。影像学资料提示术后椎间融合良好,未出现临近节段椎间盘退变。结论仅需处理椎间盘的颈椎前路手术采用 Zero-P 系统进行减压固定,可以取得早期良好的临床疗效,但应注意患者的选择。     

前路复位减压零切迹椎间融合器内固定治疗下颈椎脱位

目的:探讨一期颈椎前路复位、减压、零切迹椎间融合器内固定术治疗下颈椎脱位的效果。方法:2010年10月~2013年6月收治25例不合并椎板骨折内陷的下颈椎脱位患者,脊髓损伤程度按照Frankel分级:A级4例,B级10例,C级6例,D级4例,E级1例;损伤部位:C3/4 2例,C4/5 5例,C5/6 8例,C6/7 10例;单侧关节突脱位绞锁8例,双侧关节突脱位绞锁17例;受伤至入院时间2h~3d,平均7.6h。均急诊全麻下一期行颈椎前路复位、减压、零切迹椎间融合器内固定治疗,复位方法包括全麻下颅骨牵引、椎体间撑开撬拨复位。结果:全麻下颅骨牵引重量10~15kg,时间10~30min,13例复位,12例未复位。12例颅骨牵引未复位患者中,8例单侧关节突绞锁患者于术中通过椎间盘切除减压后偏中心椎体间撑开、单侧撬拨全部复位,4例双侧关节突绞锁患者通过椎间盘切除减压后椎体间撑开、撬拨复位。手术时间为61±12min(40~82min),术中出血量为180±25ml(100~600ml)。术后出现脑脊液漏1例,未发生大血管、喉返神经损伤或气胸等并发症,无1例出现术后吞咽不适感。随访6.8±2.2个月(5~12个月)。术后3~5个月影像学复查示椎间植骨均获骨性愈合;25例颈椎序列好、内固定位置良好、无内固定移位及断裂。末次随访时,A级2例、B级3例、C级1例、D级1例、E级1例脊髓功能无变化,其余患者脊髓功能均有不同程度改善。JOA评分由术前7.2±0.8分改善至末次随访时的13.8±0.6分,改善率为67.3%。结论:一期全麻下颈椎前路复位、减压、零切迹椎间融合器内固定术治疗下颈椎脱位可达到早期复位、减少脊髓受压时间、手术时间短、固定可靠、减少术后吞咽不适感发生率、疗效满意的效果。     

Anterior cervical foramenotomy for cervical radiculopathy

Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is standard practice for cervical radiculopathy. Irrespective of the precise method used, it involves more or less complete disc removal with resultant anatomical and biomechanical derangements, and frequently the insertion of a bone or prosthetic graft. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is an alternative procedure that allows effective anterior decompression of the nerve root and lateral spinal cord, whilst conserving the native disc, preserving normal anatomy and movement, and protecting against later degeneration at adjacent spaces as far as possible. The aim of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical foramenotomy in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and took the form of a prospective study of 21 cases under the care of a single surgeon. All patients had a single level or two level anterior cervical foramenotomy. All had pre- and postoperative visual analogue scores for arm and neck pain, arm strength, sensation and overall use. A comparison between patients' perceptions and surgeon's observations was also made. Patients were followed up for between 10 and 36 months. Sixty-eight per cent completed full pre- and postoperative assessments. Twenty-eight per cent of the responders had complete arm pain resolution. There were statistically significant reductions in arm and neck pain, and overall disability. The surgeon's impression of improvement paralleled that of the patients. There was one complication with discitis. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is a safe and effective treatment for cervical radiculopathy caused by posterolateral cervical disc prolapse or uncovertebral osteophyte, and might also reduce adjacent segment degeneration.     

Posterior cervical laminoplasty formultilevel cervical spine stenosis

Cervical laminoplasty for treating multilevel spinal stenosis appears to be a good surgical alternative to the more traditional laminectomy or anterior decompression and fusion. This procedure avoids the morbidity associated with extensive anterior procedures and also appears not to be associated with late kyphosis, which can be seen in patients after a laminectomy. This review outlines the rationale, indications, contraindications, and early clinical results for patients undergoing a posterior laminoplasty.     

微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病

【摘要】 目的：探讨微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病的有效性。方法：2008年7月~2010年7月12例单侧神经根型颈椎病患者在延边大学医院接受微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术。其中男7例,女5例,年龄为35~68岁,平均49岁。椎间孔狭窄部位：C5/6 4例,C6/7 5例,C7/T1 3例。软性髓核突出3例,钩椎关节骨质增生7例,突出的髓核钙化2例。均行前路手术,术中采用脊柱手术专用显微镜,在病变上位椎体确定钻孔起始部位,利用高速钻石气钻磨出一约6mm直径的通路达到病变区域,减压椎间孔。观察术前及末次随访时上肢放射性疼痛的VAS评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）及病变水平椎间盘高度。结果：手术时间为56~110min,平均86±6min;术中失血量为40~120ml,平均92±8ml。无椎动脉损伤、贺纳氏综合征、喉返神经损伤等并发症。术后随访时间为12~23个月,平均15.8±1.3个月。术前上肢疼痛VAS评分为8.5±0.5分（7~10分）,末次随访时为1.4±0.2分（0~3分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）;术前NDI为26.4±1.3分（22~31分）,末次随访时为4.2±0.6分（3~8分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）,改善率为84.1%;术前病变水平椎间盘高度为5.4±0.7mm（4.2~6.1mm）,末次随访时为4.9±0.7mm（3.6~5.8mm）,两者比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）。术后满意度为100%。结论：微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术可减少对椎间盘的损伤,是治疗单侧神经根型颈椎病的有效手术方法。     

Alternating cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

We present a novel method of performing an 'open-door' cervical laminoplasty. The complete laminotomy is sited on alternate sides at successive levels, thereby allowing the posterior arch to be elevated to alternate sides. Foraminotomies can be carried out on either side to relieve root compression. The midline structures are preserved. We undertook this procedure in 23 elderly patients with a spondylotic myelopathy. Each was assessed clinically and radiologically before and after their operation. Follow-up was for a minimum of three years (mean 4.5 years; 3 to 7). Using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system, the mean pre-operative score was 8.1 (6 to 10), which improved post-operatively to a mean of 12.7 (11 to 14). The mean percentage improvement was 61% (50% to 85.7%) after three years. The canal/vertebral body ratio improved from a mean of 0.65 (0.33 to 0.73) pre-operatively to 0.94 (0.5 to 1.07) postoperatively. Alternating cervical laminoplasty can be performed safely in elderly patients with minimal morbidity and good results.     

前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术与动态装置植入术治疗单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症

目的 对比前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)与颈椎前路动态装置植入术(DCI)对单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症(CDH)患者颈椎活动度(ROM)及术后颈椎曲度的影响.方法 回顾性分析2018年6月—2019年9月海军军医大学长征医院收治的78例单节段CDH患者临床资料,其中42例采用ACDF治疗(ACDF组),36例采用DC...     

颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病发病中的作用

目的：研究交感型颈椎病的病理因素及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析了1988-2000年收治的20例手术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者。根据术前及术后颈椎伸屈侧位X光片判断有无颈椎不稳。结果：20例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,颈椎不稳主要发生在C3-C4和C4-C5,颈椎高位硬膜外封闭对大部分患者有短期效果。每例患者均于不稳节段行颈前路融合术,手术有效率为90％。结论：颈椎不稳是导致交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素;颈椎高位硬膜外封闭可有短期疗效因此具有重要的诊断价值;颈椎前路植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。     

Anterior cervical microforaminotomy for cervical radiculopathy--results and review

Analysis of anterior cervical microforaminotomy performed at the North Staffordshire University Hospital along with a review of literature of this minimally invasive procedure is presented. METHODS: A retrospective-prospective study was performed on 34 patients (24 males, 10 females) with cervical disc disease who had been surgically treated with anterior cervical microforaminotomy between 1999 and 2005. Age ranged from 37 to 75. MRI findings were disc prolapse in 28 and additional osteophytes in six. Microforaminotomy was performed according to the published technique. RESULTS: Single level operations were performed in 22 patients (21 unilateral, 1 bilateral) and multi-level operations were performed in 12 patients (7 unilateral and 5 bilateral). The short-term outcomes were excellent in 65% (i.e., complete resolution of all symptoms), good in 29% (relief of radiculopathy but some non-radicular discomfort persists), and fair in 6% (mild residual radiculopathy with or without non-radicular symptoms). Postoperative complications include one patient with partial C6 root damage, which was identified intraoperatively, but had excellent results at 2 months post operation. Long-term follow-up (using the cervical spine research society questionnaire) ranged from 2-48 months. The average pain score, neurological outcome and functional outcome improved after this operation. RE-OPERATION: One patient, who had 2 level bilateral surgeries, needed discectomies with fusion for new onset myelopathy 18 months later. CONCLUSION: Appropriate patient selection is cardinal in achieving good outcome in anterior microforaminotomy.     

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty and percutaneous cervical discectomy treatments of the contained cervical disc herniation

Background  

There were no studies in literature to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous nucleoplasty (PCN) and percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD) in contained cervical disc herniation.     

Postoperative instability of cervical OPLL and cervical radiculomyelopathy

The presence of cervical spine instability with respect to preoperative and postoperative changes in angular, horizontal, and rotational displacement of the vertebral body were studied. With the anterior approach, the instability in the remaining unfused segments, and their relation to the kyphotic or lordotic fused segment were studied. With the posterior approach, postoperative ROM (range of motion) could be better maintained, and horizontal displacement was improved in more cases by laminoplasty compared with laminectomy. With the anterior approach, the compensatory function for the loss of motion of the segments resulting from fusion was most remarkable at the levels of C2-3 and C6-7. In the alignment of the anterior fused segments, it appears important that the physiologic lordotic position be maintained.