比较固定平台和高屈曲旋转平台假体人工膝关节置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎的效果

目的比较固定平台和高屈曲旋转平台假体人工膝关节置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎(OA)的效果。方法回顾性分析2016-10—2018-10间在新乡市第二人民医院接受人工膝关节置换术治疗的176例膝OA患者的资料。按不同假体分为2组,各88例。固定组采用固定平台假体,旋转组采用高屈曲旋转平台假体。比较2组术前,术后6个月、12个月膝关节功能(HSS)评分、膝关节活动度(ROM)、并发症发生率。结果 2组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后12个月旋转组HSS评分、ROM均高于固定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用高屈曲旋转平台假体实施人工膝关节置换术治疗膝OA,中期效果显著,有利于患者膝关节功能及活动度提升,且不增加并发症风险。     

单髁置换术治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎近中期疗效

[目的]探讨单髁置换治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎近中期临床疗效。[方法]回顾分析本科2015年2月~2018年12月60例(60膝)内侧间室膝骨关节炎行单髁置换术患者的临床资料。采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、美国纽约特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS)、美国膝关节协会评分(KSS)、膝关节活动度(ROM)对手术前后进行功能分析。[结果]术中平均出血量(109.00±15.32) ml,术后平均引流量(162.00±20.23) ml,术前及术后随访时,VAS、HSS、KSS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),ROM及膝关节功能明显改善。[结论]单髁置换术显著改善了患者膝关节功能,近中期疗效满意。     

全膝置换术治疗类风湿与退变性膝关节炎的比较研究

目的探讨全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)治疗类风湿性膝关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis of the knee,RA)与退变性膝关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)术后疗效差异。方法回顾分析2006年12月至2013年12月初次采用TKA治疗类风湿性与退变性膝关节炎患者68例(68膝)的临床资料。其中男12例,女56例;年龄40~84岁,平均(61.6±9.7)岁。按原发疾病不同将患者分为RA组34例(34膝)和OA组34例(34膝)。记录所有患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量、输血量、术后股四头肌肌力恢复时间、术后下地时间、术后助行器使用时间、弃拐时间、住院时间、跛行步态消失的时间、术后患肢肿胀消失时间、术后并发症。采用美国特种外科医院膝关节(the hospital for special surgery,HSS)评分系统、膝关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)、视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS)、主观满意度等作为最终评价手术临床疗效的依据。根据影像学表现观察假体周围透亮线作为判断假体有无松动的依据。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间24~96个月,平均40.6个月。两组患者在年龄、病程、术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量、输血量、术后股四头肌肌力恢复时间、术后下地时间、术后助行器使用时间、弃拐时间、住院时间、跛行步态消失时间、术后患肢肿胀消失时间之间的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后6个月,两组患者的HSS评分、ROM、VAS疼痛评分的差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而主观满意度的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而在末次随访时两组患者的HSS评分、ROM、VAS疼痛评分,主观满意度的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。X线片未显示髌骨轨迹不良及假体无菌性松动、下沉等。其中,RA组术后症状性下肢深静脉血栓1例,关节僵硬1例,皮肤浅层感染2例,伸膝无力1例;OA组术后关节僵硬1例,无深静脉血栓、皮肤浅层感染、伸膝无力等并发症。结论TKA治疗RA患者围手术期疗效及术后早期疗效较OA患者差,但两者早中期随访疗效无差异,均能取得满意的临床疗效。     

单髁置换术治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎术后人工关节被遗忘评分

目的探讨单髁置换术(UKA)治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎(OA)术后人工关节被遗忘评分(FJS)及其影响因素。方法采用UKA治疗32例膝内侧间室OA患者。比较术后1、3、6个月的FJS评分、疼痛VAS评分、膝关节活动度(ROM)、HSS评分,采用Pearson相关分析法评价FJS评分与VAS评分、膝关节ROM、HSS评分的相关性。结果 32例患者均获得随访,时间6～48个月。FJS评分、VAS评分、膝关节ROM及HSS评分术后3、6个月与术后1个月比较差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05),术后6个月与术后3个月比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。FJS评分与VAS评分呈正相关(r=0.862,P 0.05),FJS评分与膝关节ROM呈负相关(r=-0.998,P 0.05),FJS评分与HSS评分无明显相关性(r=0.956,P0.05)。结论 UKA治疗膝内侧间室OA疗效较好,术后进行良好的镇痛和膝关节锻炼可使患者获得较好的膝关节本体感觉和较高的满意度。     

单髁置换术与全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎的疗效比较

目的比较分析单髁置换术与全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2018-01—2019-03诊治的50例膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎(Ahlback 3、4期)。25例采用单髁置换术治疗(UKA组),25例采用全膝关节置换术治疗(TKA组)。比较2组恢复直腿抬高时间、恢复屈膝90°时间,以及术后2周、3个月、12个月疼痛VAS评分、膝关节HSS评分、膝关节活动度。结果 50例均获得随访,随访时间平均18.6(12～24)个月。术后无感染、深静脉血栓形成、假体松动、假体周围骨折、内衬脱位等并发症发生。UKA组恢复直腿抬高时间、恢复屈膝90°时间短于TKA组,术后2周时膝关节HSS评分、膝关节活动度、疼痛VAS评分均优于TKA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);UKA组与TKA组术后3个月、12个月膝关节HSS评分、膝关节活动度、疼痛VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单髁置换术与全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎均可取得满意疗效,而单髁置换术创伤更小,患者术后康复更快,但适应证也更为严格。     

类风湿性与骨性关节炎全膝置换围手术期比较

[目的]比较类风湿性关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis, RA）和骨性关节炎（osteoarthritis, OA）全膝置换术（total knee arthroplasty, TKA）的围手术期临床与检验结果。[方法] 2019年3月—2019年9月在本院关节科因RA或OA行单侧TKA并有完整围手术期临床与检验资料的115例患者纳入本研究。比较两组临床与检验资料。[结果]两组患者均顺利完成手术，术中无严重并发症。两组手术时间、切口长度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），但RA组术中失血量显著大于OA组（P<0.05）。术后3 d RA组的VAS评分显著大于OA组（P<0.05）。检验方面，与术前相比，术后3 d两组DD、Fib、ESR、CRP均显著升高（P<0.05）。术前RA组的DD和Fib显著高于OA组（P<0.05），术后3 d RA组的DD仍高于OA组，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），而RA组的FIB显著高于OA组（P<0.05）。[结论] TKA可有效治疗RA和OA，相比之下，RA术中失血量显著大于OA，这与RA的炎...     

全膝关节置换术治疗重型血友病性膝关节炎的临床研究

目的分析全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗重型血友病性膝关节炎的临床疗效。方法对8例(10膝)重型血友病性膝关节炎行TKA,比较手术前后膝关节HSS功能评分。结果 8例均获得随访12-60个月,平均24个月。术后患膝HSS功能评分:优1膝,良5膝,可4膝。手术前后HSS评分经t检验后P<0.05,差异有统计学意义,术后膝关节功能有明显改善。结论全膝关节置换术能够改善重型血友病性膝关节炎患者膝关节功能。     

全膝关节置换术治疗晚期膝骨性关节炎

目的 探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗晚期膝骨性关节炎的临床疗效.方法 采用TKA治疗30例晚期膝骨性关节炎老年患者(33膝).比较手术前后膝关节最大被动屈曲度、HSS评分、疼痛VAS评分,采用HSS评分标准评价膝关节功能恢复情况.结果 患者均获得随访,时间6～24个月.未出现术后切口感染、深静脉血栓、假体松动等并发症...     

单髁置换治疗膝关节骨性关节炎效果观察

目的分析单髁置换术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的效果。方法将60例单间室骨性关节炎患者按治疗方法的不同分为2组,每组30例。对照组接受全膝关节置换术,观察组接受单髁置换术。比较2组患者手术情况、术前术后关节活动度(ROM)及HSS评分等。结果 2组患者术前HSS评分、ROM活动度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后HSS评分及ROM活动度优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论运用单髁置换术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎,创伤小,安全,患者术后恢复快,疗效满意。     

全膝关节置换治疗严重僵硬膝与非僵硬膝的疗效比较

[目的]回顾比较人工全膝关节置换治疗僵硬膝与正常膝关节的临床疗效,探讨僵硬膝与正常膝关节置换术相比术中操作和术后康复的要点.[方法]采用病例对照,研究22例人工全膝关节置换患者,其中僵硬膝组11例16膝,非僵硬组11例16膝.比较两组手术时间、出血量、术后并发症、手术前后HSS评分和关节活动范围等临床指标.[结果]两组性别、年龄、术前HSS评分、术后并发症比较差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).僵硬组术前平均膝关节活动度(6±5)°、术后活动度(78±16)°及HSS评分(66±18)分、平均手术时间(143±21) min、总失血量(740±130) ml,非僵硬组术前平均膝关节活动度(72±18)°、术后活动度(109±16)°及HSS评分(84±19)分、平均手术时间(88±15) min、总失血量(576±107) ml,两组差异有显著性(P＜0.05).两组膝关节活动度相比存在显著差异(73±19)°vs (36 ±22)°(P＜0.05).[结论]术中注意关节暴露、软组织松解、术后积极康复锻炼,全膝关节置换术治疗僵硬膝的患者虽然不能达到正常膝关节置换的评分和活动度,但仍可以取得令人满意的临床效果.     

History of knee injuries and knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Objectives

Although knee injury has been implicated as a risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA), there is great disparity in the magnitude of quantifiable risk. Our aim was to systematically review the relationship between history of knee injuries and knee OA.

Methods

Six electronic databases were searched between August and October 2010. Relative risk estimates or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were extracted or calculated from observational studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Publication bias was determined using funnel plot and the Egger’s test. Heterogeneity was examined using Cochran Q test and I² statistic. Random effects model was used to pool the heterogeneous results and OR was used to present the results. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine potential causes of heterogeneity.

Results

Twenty-four observational studies (20,997 subjects) were included in the meta-analysis of which there were seven cohort, five cross-sectional and 12 case-control studies. The overall pooled OR was 4.20 (95% CI 3.11–5.66, I² = 81.0%). Association between history of knee injuries and knee OA was significantly different for specified injuries such as ligament or tendon injuries; meniscus damage or meniscectomy; and fracture of femur, knee or lower part of the leg (OR = 5.95, 95% 4.57–7.75), compared to unspecified injuries (OR = 3.12, 95% 2.17–4.50).

Conclusion

History of knee injury is a major risk factor for the development of knee OA irrespective of study design and definition of knee injury. As one of the few modifiable/preventable risk factors, knee injury should be part of the future prevention programme in reducing the risk of knee OA.     

Preoperative knee stiffness and total knee arthroplasty outcomes

A retrospective case-control study was conducted to evaluate 1-year total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes among preoperative stiff knees, range of motion (ROM) 80° or less, compared with nonstiff preoperative knees, ROM 100° or greater. A total of 134 stiff knee cases were compared with a matched cohort of 134 non-stiff knee controls. Knee Society Score and Oxford Knee Score change scores from baseline to 1 year were similar between the groups. Stiff knees experienced a significantly greater mean improvement in ROM from baseline to 1 year (30.8° ± 18.8°) as compared with nonstiff knees (1.1° ± 12.8°) (P < .0001). Although ultimate ROM of a TKA can be restricted secondary to preoperative stiffness, improvements in outcomes and ROM are not affected. We conclude that progression of stiffness should not in and of itself lead to earlier intervention of TKA in most cases.     

僵硬膝关节行人工全膝关节置换的效果及关节活动范围影响分析

目的 :观察人工全膝关节置换术治疗僵硬膝关节的临床效果及其影响因素。方法 :选取2010年1月至2014年10月采用人工全膝关节置换术治疗的20例(25膝)僵硬膝关节患者,其中男2例(3膝),女18例(22膝);年龄55~78岁,平均(64.5±4.9)岁;病程5~21年,平均8.3年。观察并比较手术前后HSS评分、并发症发生情况及关节活动范围(ROM)。结果:20例患者获得随访,时间12~69个月,平均35.3个月。术后10例患者出现并发症。HSS评分由术前的32.36±12.31提高至术后的80.70±18.52,两者比较差异有统计学意义。本组优7膝,良15膝,可3膝。膝关节ROM由术前的(39.4±5.3)°提高至末次随访时的(92.5±11.2)°。结论:僵硬膝关节行人工膝关节置换术是可行的,术后可获得满意的膝关节活动范围及功能。     

A contemporary bicruciate total knee arthroplasty

Bicruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty dates back to the 1970s. The polycentric knee and the duocondylar spared the cruciate ligaments but led to early failures and loss of fixation. Designing surgeons excised the cruciates in order to facilitate the surgical procedure and improve the clinical results. Ultimately, the posterior cruciate sparing and substituting designs dominated the market. Most total knees are now anterior cruciate ligament deficient and 15–20% of patients are not satisfied with their surgical result. Bicruciate sparing total knee arthroplasties are now returning to the market and may afford improved results and satisfaction.     

Total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee

Valgus knee deformity is a challenge in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and it is observed in nearly 10 % of patients undergoing TKA. The valgus deformity is sustained by anatomical variations divided into bone remodelling and soft tissue contraction/elongation. Bone tissue variations consist of lateral cartilage erosion, lateral condylar hypoplasia and metaphyseal femur and tibial plateau remodelling. Soft tissue variations are represented by tightening of lateral structures: lateral collateral ligament, posterolateral capsule, popliteus tendon, hamstring tendons, the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and iliotibial band. Complete pre-operative planning and clinical examination are mandatory to manage bone deformities and soft tissue contractions/elongations and to decide if a higher constrained prosthesis is necessary. Two different approaches have been described to perform TKA in a valgus knee: the anteromedial approach and the anterolateral one. In valgus knee deformity bone cuts can be performed differently in order to correct low-grade deformities and reduce great deformities. There is still debate in the literature on the sequence of lateral soft tissue release to achieve the best alignment without any instability. The aim of this article is to review the anatomical variations underlying a valgus knee, to assess the best pre-operative planning and to evaluate how to choose the grade of constraint of the implant. We will also review the main approaches and surgical techniques both for bone cuts and soft tissue management. Finally, we will report on our experience and technique.     

股骨远端关节面几何学特征在人工关节设计中的意义

目的从几何学角度分析正常国人股骨远端关节面特征,探讨与膝关节运动学的关系及其在人工膝关节假体设计中的意义。方法收集10具尸体膝关节标本进行解剖,通过内外上髁轴钻孔后进行MR检查,同时收集20例正常成人志愿者膝关节MR图像资料。以几何学最小二乘法分析正常志愿者及尸体膝关节标本的股骨远端关节面特征,同时测量尸体膝关节标本通过内外上髁的钻孔与股骨远端关节面之间的关系。结果矢状位关节面拟合后得到股骨内外髁远端及后髁关节面相切的两个圆弧,钻孔通过滑车部位后十字韧带止点附近。经统计学分析,内外侧后髁圆弧半径及关节面圆弧半径之间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);远端外髁关节面半径大于远端内髁(P<0.01),但内侧远端关节面弧度远远大于外侧(P<0.01);内髁远端曲面半径与内侧后髁曲面半径之比为1.89,外髁远端曲面半径与外侧后髁曲面半径之比为2.01,二者之间接近倍数关系。相关性检验显示内侧髁远端关节面半径与内侧后髁关节面半径有明显相关(r=0.814,P<0.01),外侧髁远端关节面半径与外侧后髁关节面半径有明显相关(r=0.740,P<0.01)。通过内外上髁轴的钻孔孔道近似于股骨远端后髁关节面的固定轴心。结论矢状位股骨髁内外侧关节面可被两个相切的圆弧所代表,其圆心近似于内外上髁轴,可看作膝关     

膝关节单髁置换的近期疗效观察

目的了解膝关节单髁置换（unicompartment knee arthroplasty,UKA）治疗膝关节病变的近期疗效,探讨其手术适应证及手术要点。方法 2006年3月至2009年1月行UKA治疗44例膝关节病变患者,其中男6例6膝,女38例39膝;年龄53～66岁,平均58.7岁;内侧髁置换36例37膝,外侧髁置换8例8膝。术前行膝关节伸直位正侧位X线片及MR检查,测量术前及术后胫股角（femorotibialangle,FTA）、膝关节主动活动度,并进行膝关节评分（hospital for special surgery knee score,简称HSS评分）。结果全部获得随访,随访时间为12～48个月,平均26个月。术后FTA与术前相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.005）;随访屈曲度与术前相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.025;P〈0.05）;术后HSS评分与术前相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。结论 UKA具有创伤小、术后功能恢复良好的优点,但手术指征不统一,术中技术要求高,中远期疗效有待于进一步随访。     

Reliability of radiographic measurements of knee motion following knee arthroplasty for use in a virtual knee clinic

INTRODUCTION

We sought to validate radiographic measurements of range of motion of the knee after arthroplasty as part of a new system of virtual clinics.

METHODS

The range of motion of 52 knees in 45 patients was obtained by 2 clinicians using standardised techniques and goniometers. Inter-rater reliability and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. Radiographs of these patients’ knees in full active flexion and extension were also used to calculate intra and inter-rater reliability compared with clinical measurements using four different methods for plotting angles on the radiographs.

RESULTS

The ICC for inter-rater reliability using the goniometer was very high. The ICC was 0.91 in extension and 0.85 in flexion while repeatability was 8.49° (-8.03–8.99°) in extension and 5.23° (-4.54–5.74°) in flexion. The best ICC for radiographic measurement in extension was 0.86, indicating ‘near perfect’ agreement, and repeatability was 5.43° (-4.04–6.12°). The best ICC in flexion was 0.95 and repeatability was 5.82° (-3.38–6.55°). The ICC for intrarater reliability was 0.98 for extension and 0.99 for flexion on radiographic measurements.

CONCLUSIONS

Validating the use of radiographs to reliably measure range of motion following knee arthroplasty has allowed us to set up a ‘virtual knee clinic’. Combining validated questionnaires and radiographic measurement of range of motion, we aim to maintain high quality patient surveillance following knee arthroplasty, reduce our ratio for new to follow-up patients in line with Department of Health guidelines and improve patient satisfaction through reduced travel to hospital outpatients.     

Interaction between intrinsic knee mechanics and the knee extensor mechanism

The ability of the quadriceps muscles to extend the knee was studied relative to the intrinsic mechanical features of the knee joint. The quadriceps mechanical efficiency changed by nearly 50% between 0 and 90 degrees of knee flexion. The peak efficiency occurred at approximately 20 degrees of knee flexion. The mechanical efficiency of the quadriceps was dependent on the movement of the net anteroposterior (AP) tibiofemoral contact center of pressure, the change in patellar ligament angle, and the change in the quadriceps-to-ligament force transfer ratio. The average net AP tibiofemoral contact center of pressure moved posteriorly on the tibial plateau as the knee flexed from 0 to 90 degrees. The excision of both cruciate ligaments reversed the posteriorly directed movement of the net AP tibiofemoral contact center of pressure at flexion angles from 60 to 90 degrees, resulting in a reduction in extension moment.