应用穿支皮瓣治疗下肢远端慢性骨髓炎并皮肤缺损

目的 探讨游离或带蒂穿支皮瓣在治疗下肢远端慢性骨髓炎并皮肤缺损创面修复中的应用价值.方法 应用穿支皮瓣游离或带蒂移位修复胫前及足踝部慢性骨髓炎并皮肤缺损28例.游离移植13例:采用股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复胫前2例,踝前3例,足背2例,足跟2例;小腿外侧腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复足背4例.带蒂移位15例:胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复胫前4例,修复内踝2例;腓动脉外踝后上穿支皮瓣修复足跟6例,外踝及足背各1例;第1跖背动脉穿支皮瓣修复近节(足母)趾背侧1例.抗生素液灌流伤口7例,万古霉素明胶海绵残腔填塞8例.结果 1例胫后动脉穿支皮瓣出现静脉回流不足,表浅坏死,自行愈合,其余皮瓣无坏死.随访6个月～2年,2例复发,分别经1次和2次手术后愈合,其余均一期愈合,皮瓣外形满意.3例行二期骨移植.最后一次随访时,患者可行走,患肢完全负重,按足部疾患治疗效果标准评定平均为84.5分.结论 游离或带蒂穿支皮瓣血供良好,可用于治疗残腔不大的慢性骨髓炎并皮肤缺损.     

腓肠内侧动脉穿支蒂皮瓣修复膝和小腿上1/3软组织缺损

目的 报道应用腓肠内侧动脉穿支带蒂皮瓣修复膝和小腿上1/3软组织缺损的临床应用效果. 方法 应用腓肠内侧动脉穿支带蒂皮瓣修复膝和小腿上1/3软组织缺损16例.其中,髌前4例,前外侧2例,前内侧l例;小腿上1/3 9例.供区均选用同侧小腿.结果 手术后经过顺利,1例术后发生表浅感染,经更换敷料逐渐愈合,皮瓣全部成活.随访3.0个月至3.5年,平均1.7年.供区愈合良好,未见明显的供区功能障碍.受区皮瓣质地、厚薄及颜色均较好,功能恢复较好,取得了较满意的效果. 结论 腓肠内侧动脉穿支带蒂皮瓣以腓肠内侧动脉的肌皮穿支为血供,具有血供丰富、血管解剖恒定、血管蒂长以及皮瓣较薄的优点.带蒂移植适宜修复膝和小腿上1/3软组织缺损.     

逆行腓动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝软组织缺损

目的评价逆行腓动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对25例足踝部软组织缺损的患者采用逆行腓动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣进行修复。其中,以腓动脉终末穿支的升支为蒂19例,以其降支为蒂6例。软组织缺损大小10cm×9cm～4cm×3cm,皮瓣面积11cm×9.5cm～6cm×5cm。结果 23例皮瓣完全存活,另2例皮瓣远端部分坏死,经换药后植皮修复。皮瓣术后轻度肿胀,无瘀血。术后随访6～18个月,皮瓣质地优良,蒂部无臃肿。结论以腓动脉穿支为蒂的腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣血供可靠、质地优良,是修复足、踝软组织缺损的良好选择。     

Reconstruction of distal lower extremities defect using the free peroneal artery perforator vessel based flap

Soft tissue defects of the distal lower extremities are challenging. The purpose of this paper is to present our experiences with the free peroneal artery perforator flap for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the distal lower extremity. Nine free peroneal artery perforator flaps were used to reconstruct soft tissue defects of the lower extremities between April 2006 and October 2011. All flaps were used for distal leg and foot reconstruction. Peroneal artery perforator flaps ranged in size from 2 cm × 4 cm to 6 cm × 12 cm. The length of the vascular pedicle ranged from 2 to 6 cm. Recipient vessels were: medial plantar vessels in seven cases, the dorsalis pedis vessel in one, metatarsal vessel in one. All flaps survived completely, a success rate of 100%. Advantages of this flap are that there is no need to sacrifice any main artery in the lower leg, and minimal morbidity at the donor site. This free perforator flap may be useful for patients with small to medium soft tissue defects of the distal lower extremities and feet. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:629–632, 2014.     

股前外侧双叶穿支皮瓣修复手部创面

目的：探讨股前外侧双叶穿支皮瓣修复手部创面的方法和疗效。方法2011年1月-2012年10月对9例手部创面采用游离股前外侧双叶穿支皮瓣修复,其中手部两处创面7例,另2例为洞穿性缺损。急诊修复创面桥接血管重建患肢血供1例,延期修复创面8例。结果本组9例皮瓣全部成活,术后随访3～6个月,供区外观仅为线状瘢痕,功能无明显影响。2例手部洞穿性缺损修复后外观满意,功能欠佳;其余7例创面修复后皮瓣质地柔软,外观稍臃肿,功能满意。结论股前外侧双叶穿支皮瓣可一次修复手部两个创面或通过拼接修复一处较大创面,而供区常可以直接缝合,优点明显。     

穿支皮瓣修复四肢创面临床应用56例

目的 探讨应用穿支皮瓣修复四肢创面的临床效果。方法 自2016年11月至2018年10月,采用股前外侧穿支皮瓣(ALTP)、腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣(DIEP)、骨间后动脉穿支皮瓣(PIAP)、胸背动脉穿支皮瓣(TDAP)、腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣(MSAP)、桡侧副动脉穿支皮瓣(RCAP)游离移植修复四肢创面56例,软组织缺损面积1.5 cm×1.5 cm~ 10.0 cm×24.0 cm,皮瓣切取面积2.0 cm×2.0 cm~ 11.0 cm×25.0 cm。供区均直接缝合关闭。术后观察皮瓣成活与创面愈合情况,定期随访皮瓣外观、质地、肢体功能恢复及皮瓣供区外形及功能。结果 1例DIEP移植术后第3天发生静脉危象,经手术探查重新吻合静脉后成活,皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死,经换药治疗后愈合;其余55例皮瓣均顺利成活,皮瓣受区与供区创口均一期愈合。术后6~ 18个月随访,皮瓣颜色正常,质地柔软,肢体功能恢复良好,皮瓣供区仅残留线形瘢痕,功能无影响。结论 穿支皮瓣修复四肢创面疗效可靠,可以推广应用。     

吻合大隐静脉的逆行缝匠肌带蒂肌皮瓣临床应用

目的总结吻合大隐静脉的逆行缝匠肌带蒂肌皮瓣临床应用结果。方法2008年5月至2012年1月,应用吻合大隐静脉的逆行缝匠肌带蒂肌皮瓣修复16例（男10例,女6例）膝和小腿上1／3软组织缺损,年龄21～52岁,平均38岁。其中,膝关节周围缺损11例,小腿上1／3缺损5例。供区均为同侧。结果2例术后发生浅表感染,经临床换药逐渐愈合。肌皮瓣全部成活,随访1～3．5年,平均2．5年,取得了较满意的效果。没有发现明显的供区功能障碍。结论逆行缝匠肌带蒂肌皮瓣的大隐静脉与小隐静脉吻合,肌皮瓣的静脉回流呈正常方向,降低了肌皮瓣的部分坏死。     

穿支皮瓣移植修复四肢软组织缺损108例

目的 探讨应用穿支皮瓣修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果. 方法2007年7月至2009年5月,分别采用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣、股前外侧穿支皮瓣、胸背动脉穿支皮瓣、股外侧穿支皮瓣、骨间背侧动脉穿支皮瓣、桡侧副动脉穿支皮瓣、腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣、胫后动脉穿支皮瓣、旋髂深动脉穿支皮瓣、腓动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损108例(游离移植98例,带蒂转移10例),皮瓣切取面积最小4 cm×2 cm,最大44 cm×9 cm,皮瓣供区均直接缝合.结果 术后5例发生静脉危象,其中1例松解包扎后危象解除,4例再次手术探查,2例成活,2例坏死,其余103例顺利成活,皮瓣受区与供区创121愈合良好.术后随访6-24个月(平均10个月),皮瓣颜色、质地好,外形不臃肿;皮瓣供区遗留线性瘢痕,功能无影响. 结论穿支皮瓣不携带肌肉、深筋膜及运动神经,对皮瓣供区影响小,还具有血供可靠、质地薄、不需二期去脂整形的优点,是修复四肢浅表创面的首选方法.     

腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损与骨髓炎创面

目的 探讨腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复足踝部创面的临床疗效.方法 采用腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复足踝部创面26例,创面缺损范围5 cm×3.5 cm~18 cm×10 cm,皮瓣切取面积6.0 cm×4 cm～18 cm×12 cm.结果 26例均得到随访,时间3～12月.患者皮瓣均存活.术后发生皮瓣血管危象2例,予拆除缝线、高压氧治疗好转;皮瓣边缘部分坏死2例,供区植皮坏死1例、感染2例,均经换药治愈.皮瓣外观及功能满意.结论 腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣血供可靠,损伤小,不需要显微外科技术,是修复足踝部软组织缺损的较理想皮瓣.     

逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣治疗小腿及足踝部软组织缺损

目的：观察应用腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复小腿下段及足踝部创伤性软组织缺损的临床效果。方法：以逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复小腿下段及足踝部因创伤致软组织缺损187例。皮瓣最大面积14cm×13cm,最小4cm×3cm。结果：修复小腿下段113例皆获成功,伤口1期愈合,11例皮肤边缘坏死,换药治愈,4例坏死面积较大,经换药,邮票植皮且治愈,足及踝部修复54例,伤口1期愈合,5例局部坏死,经换药后获治愈。结论：应用逆行腓肠肌神经营养血管皮瓣可以有效修复小腿及足踝部皮肤缺损,此皮瓣血运丰富,手术操作简便。     

Use of pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap to reconstruct the upper limb with large soft tissue defects

ObjectiveTo report the technique of reconstruction of large skin and soft tissue defects in the upper extremity using pedicled latissimus dorsi myocu-taneous flaps.MethodsSix patients with large skin and soft tissue defects were included in this report. There were 5 trauma patients and the rest one needed to receive plastic surgery for his extremity scar. All wounds were in the upper extremity. The sizes of defects ranged from 15 cmx6 cm to 30 cmx18 cm. Pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps were designed according to the defect area and raised with part of latissi-mus dorsi. The thoracodorsal artery and its perforators were carefully protected during surgery.ResultsAll flaps healed primarily without flap congestion, margin necrosis or infection. The skin donor sites either received split-thickness skin graft (3 cases, mostly from the anterior thigh) or was closed primarily (3 cases) and had minimal morbidity. Follow-up of 6-12 months showed that the contour of flap was aesthetic and the function of limb was excellent.ConclusionOur experience indicates that the pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is favorable for reconstruction of large skin and soft tissue defects in the upper extremity.     

游离腹壁浅动脉筋膜穿支皮瓣修复手部创面

目的 报告应用游离腹壁浅动脉筋膜穿支皮瓣修复手部创面的临床效果.方法 对10例手部皮肤软组织缺损的患者,采用游离腹壁浅动脉筋膜穿支皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣切取面积为8cm×6cm～16cm×9cm.结果 术后1例皮瓣发生血管危象,经探查后存活,其余皮瓣全部顺利存活.经4～12个月的随访,皮瓣质地、外形优良,手功能恢复满意.术后供区伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,外形满意.结论 应用游离腹壁浅动脉筋膜穿支皮瓣可以一期修复创面,供区损伤小,是修复手部创面的理想选择.     

隐动脉穿支蒂股神经前皮支营养血管逆行皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨隐动脉穿支蒂股神经前皮支营养血管逆行皮瓣的手术方法和临床应用效果.方法 对膝周或小腿上段软组织缺损,根据创面大小与形状,设计以隐动脉穿支为蒂沿股神经前皮支营养血管轴切取逆行皮瓣进行修复.2005年10月以来,于临床应用16例,皮瓣面积15 cm×7 cm～30 cm×15 cm,皮瓣旋转角度最大180°,最小100°.结果 13例皮瓣全部成活,3例皮瓣术后远端1/7～1/5坏死,经换药或局部皮瓣推进后愈合.随访6～24个月,皮瓣质地优良,外形与功能恢复良好,供区无明显不适.结论 该术式结合了穿支皮瓣与皮神经营养血管皮瓣的优点,扩大了股前内侧区皮神经营养血管皮瓣的切取范围,为下肢较大面积皮肤软组织缺损的修复提供了较好的方法.     

The medial arm pedicled perforator flap: Application of phenomenon of one perforator perfusing multiple perforator angiosomes

BackgroundThe medial arm is an optimal potential donor site for treating skin defects around the elbow. However, whether a reliable pedicled perforator flap could be harvested from the medial arm remains unanswered. The purpose of this study was to report the technique and our results using the medial arm pedicled perforator flaps.MethodsA total of eight flaps in seven patients underwent the medial arm pedicled perforator flaps to treat skin defects around the elbow. The flap was pedicled on one perforator 1.3 ± 0.3 mm in diameter within 3 cm above the medial epicondyle. The flap size varied between 10 and 20 cm in length and between 6 and 10 cm in width.ResultsOf the eight flaps in seven patients, seven flaps survived uneventfully except that one suffered venous insufficiency. Six patients were followed up for 1 month to 2 years. One patient was lost to follow-up after 7 days. The wounds in all patients healed satisfactorily. No deep wound infection and wound dehiscence developed. No revision surgery was performed in the survived flaps.ConclusionsThe survival of the medial arm pedicled perforator flap confirms the phenomenon of one perforator perfusing multiple perforator angiosomes in the medial arm, although this study has the retrospective clinical nature and limited number of the patients. The medial arm pedicled perforator flap is a useful tool to treat skin defects around the elbow.     

胸脐皮瓣移植修复下肢大面积软组织缺损并骨外露15例

【摘要】〓目的〓介绍胸脐皮瓣游离移植修复小腿软组织缺损的方法和体会。方法〓本组共15例患者,男12例,女3例;年龄20~57岁,平均35岁。受伤原因:交通意外伤10例,压砸伤3例,机器绞伤2例。损伤部位:单纯小腿损伤的11例,合并足部(包括内、外踝)4例。所有的创面均伴有肌腱的损伤、外露或骨缺损、骨外露。皮肤组织缺损面积18 cm×13 cm~28 cm×16 cm。急诊手术3例,择期手术12例。采用游离胸脐皮瓣修复缺损。结果〓术后带蒂胸脐皮瓣全部成活;1例远端皮缘坏死,经换药处理后痊愈。其中创面一期愈合有12例,二期愈合3例。结论〓胸脐皮瓣质好,供皮面积大,有利于治疗大面积缺损的下肢创面。     

旋股外侧动脉降支多叶组织瓣修复手部多部位软组织缺损

目的 探讨旋股外侧动脉降支多叶瓣修复手部多部位软组织缺损的手术方法和临床效果。方法对手部多部位软组织缺损15例,采用旋股外侧动脉降支多叶瓣修复,根据手部缺损情况设计股前外侧皮瓣,沿皮瓣穿支血管向远端继续解剖旋股外侧动脉降支,考虑好手部各缺损处间距,按需切取分叶穿支皮瓣、阔筋膜瓣、股直肌肌瓣、股外侧肌肌瓣、股中间肌肌瓣或旋股外侧动脉降支远端肌间隔瓣。形成以旋股外侧动脉降支为主干的一蒂多叶瓣,在肌瓣及阔筋膜瓣上植皮,一次修复手部多部位软组织缺损。 结果 术后无血管危象发生。修复各创面在肌瓣、阔筋膜瓣或旋股外侧动脉降支远端血管肌间隔上植皮均成活良好,外形无臃肿,植皮处恢复保护性感觉,供区创面愈合好,股四头肌肌力及膝关节屈、伸活动均正常。全部病例获得随访,随访时间6 ～ 20个月,平均8.7个月。按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定标准：优3例,良9例,可3例,优良率80％。 结论 旋股外侧动脉降支多叶瓣能一次修复手部多部位软组织缺损,缩短手术时间及疗程,手部功能恢复良好,外形满意,是修复手部多部位软组织缺损的理想方法。     

胸腹部扩张后穿支皮瓣跨区远位修复颌面部及上肢瘢痕术后缺损

目的探讨胸腹部扩张后穿支皮瓣跨区远位修复颌面部及上肢瘢痕切除后创面的方法及疗效。方法 2000年8月-2011年2月,收治25例颌面部及上肢烧烫伤后瘢痕患者。男14例,女11例;年龄7～36岁,平均27岁。颌面部瘢痕15例,其中双侧6例;上肢及手部瘢痕10例,其中双侧6例。瘢痕形成时间6个月～7年,平均4.5年。一期手术于胸三角及腹部穿支发出点附近埋置扩张器,常规注水并持续扩张3个月。二期手术彻底切除瘢痕后,缺损范围为9 cm×7 cm～17 cm×8 cm。颌面部瘢痕患者采用大小为17 cm×7 cm～20 cm×8 cm的胸三角穿支皮瓣修复,上肢及手部瘢痕患者采用大小为10 cm×9 cm～25 cm×14 cm的腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣修复。供区直接拉拢缝合。结果 2例扩张过程中未见明显穿支血管,皮瓣切取后远端坏死,经换药及植皮后愈合;其余皮瓣扩张过程中均见明显穿支血管,切取后皮瓣完全成活。供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合。10例获随访,随访时间6个月～4年,平均13个月。皮瓣色泽、质地及弹性佳,外形满意。结论应用胸腹部扩张后穿支皮瓣跨区远位修复颌面部、上肢及手部瘢痕切除后创面,可获满意疗效。     

Free style perforator based propeller flaps: Simple solutions for upper extremity reconstruction!

Background:

The introduction of perforator flaps by Koshima et al. was met with much animosity in the plastic surgery fraternity. The safety concerns of these flaps following the intentional twist of the perforators have prevented widespread adoption of this technique. Use of perforator based propeller flaps in the lower extremity is gradually on the rise, but their use in upper extremity reconstruction is infrequently reported, especially in the Indian subcontinent.

Materials and Methods:

We present a retrospective series of 63 free style perforator flaps used for soft tissue reconstruction of the upper extremity from November 2008 to June 2013. Flaps were performed by a single surgeon for various locations and indications over the upper extremity. Patient demographics, surgical indication, defect features, complications and clinical outcome are evaluated and presented as an uncontrolled case series.

Results:

63 free style perforator based propeller flaps were used for soft tissue reconstruction of 62 patients for the upper extremity from November 2008 to June 2013. Of the 63 flaps, 31 flaps were performed for trauma, 30 for post burn sequel, and two for post snake bite defects. We encountered flap necrosis in 8 flaps, of which there was complete necrosis in 4 flaps, and partial necrosis in four flaps. Of these 8 flaps, 7 needed a secondary procedure, and one healed secondarily. Although we had a failure rate of 12-13%, most of our failures were in the early part of the series indicative of a learning curve associated with the flap.

Conclusion:

Free style perforator based propeller flaps are a reliable option for coverage of small to moderate sized defects.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic IV.KEY WORDS: Hand defects, perforator flaps, propeller flaps, perforator based propeller flaps, upper extremity, wrist defects     

多种背阔肌瓣游离移植修复下肢缺损

目的 寻找应用背阔肌瓣游离移植修复下肢缺损的方法.方法 1996年2月-2008年2月,笔者单位应用游离背阔肌瓣修复下肢皮肤及组织缺损患者42例,其中膝部4例,小腿22例,足、踝部15例,膝下至足背严重撕脱1例.清创后采用背阔肌肌皮瓣、背阔肌肌瓣植皮、保留肌袖的背阔肌穿支皮瓣、分叶背阔肌组织瓣修复创面.组织瓣切取范围18 cm×8 cm～40 cm × 18cm.结果 除3例患者术后发生血管危象,2例供区植皮和1例肌瓣植皮部分坏死外,其余患者创面均一次性愈合.随访3～24个月,6例患者皮瓣外形臃肿,影响穿鞋,再次行皮瓣修薄术;3例肌瓣植皮区有轻度瘢痕挛缩.结论 个性化设计不同形式的背阔肌瓣,可满足下肢皮肤软组织缺损的修复.     

应用胸背动脉穿支带蒂皮瓣修复前臂残端创面的初步报告

目的 总结胸背动脉穿支带蒂皮瓣修复前臂残端创面临床应用结果. 方法 2001年9月至2006年5月,应用胸背动脉穿支带蒂皮瓣修复5例同侧前臂残端软组织缺损.其中男4例,女1例,年龄20～44岁(平均37岁).右侧3例,左侧2例.皮瓣切取范围:30 cm×9 cm～40 cm×9 cm,平均34 cm×9 cm. 结果 1例术后发生小的受区切口表浅感染,经换药逐渐愈合,改良的穿支皮瓣全部成活,术后经过顺利,随访1.5～5.0年,平均2.8年.受区外形满意,没有发现明显的供区功能障碍,取得了较满意的效果. 结论该皮瓣以胸背动脉穿支为血供,具有血供丰富,血管解剖恒定,血管蒂长以及皮瓣较薄等优点,带蒂移植适宜修复同侧前臂软组织缺损.