声带注射治疗声带麻痹及检测喉发音的研究

对30例不同病因所致单侧声带麻痹患者,采用经环甲间隙穿刺声带注射硅胶的方法进行治疗.治疗前后对患者的最长发音时间(MPT)、喉平均呼气流率(MFR)、基频值(F_0)、声强级(SPL)、频率微扰商(PPQ)、振幅微扰商(APQ)、噪声能量级(NNE),频闪喉镜下声带振动发音过程中的对称性(SYM)、规则性(REG)、振幅(AMP)、闭合状态(GLO)、粘膜波动(MUC)、等质性(NON)和嗓音心理听觉评价参数:音哑总分度(G)、粗糙型(R)、气息型(B)、无力型(A)、紧张型(S)进行检测,并对测试结果进行统计学分析.实验结果表明,上述各项参数值在治疗后较治疗前有明显改善,其中MPT、GLO值的增高,MFR、PPQ、APQ、NNE值下降表现最明显:心理听觉评价参数GRBAS值治疗后较治疗前也有明显好转.对各参数进行统计学分析得出:声带麻痹嗓音中噪音成分主要同声带振动的规则性、振幅和粘膜波呈正相关(P<0.05或 P<0.01).声带麻痹嗓音的主观心理听觉评价是以气息型和无力型为主.它主要与喉平均呼气流率,声带振动的规则性、闭合度、振幅、声带粘膜波及对称性呈正相关.从而证明,经环甲间隙声带注射硅胶治疗单侧声带麻痹是一种简单、实用、安全的治疗方法.若一次不成功还可以重复治疗.     

Surgical effects of type-I thyroplasty and fat injection laryngoplasty on voice recovery

ObjectiveType-I thryroplasty, also known as medialization thyroplasty (MT) and autologous fat injection laryngoplasty (FIL) are one of the main surgical treatments for unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). Both procedures have the same concept of completing the glottal closure by medializing the vocal fold, although the surgical approaches are quite different. In order to assess these surgical effects, we examined the treatment outcomes and benefits of the two surgeries.MethodsWe collected data from the 135 phonosurgeries that we performed out of 375 patients with UVFP at Osaka Voice Center, Osaka Kaisei Hospital from January 2009 to February 2013. After excluding cases with glottal level differences on phonation, either MT or FIL were performed on 80 cases. The inclusion criteria for the present study were: (1) patients had no history of previous phonosurgery, and (2) functional evaluations were available before/after surgery. Consequently, 43 participants (12 for MT and 31 for FIL) were enrolled in this study. Surgical effects were evaluated by means of the maximum phonation time (MPT), pitch period perturbation quotient (PPQ), amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ), and harmonic to noise ratio (HNR) just before, one month, and 6 months after surgery.ResultsBoth MT and FIL showed significant improvement in MPT (MT, p = 0.005; FIL, p < 0.001) and PPQ (MT, p = 0.047; FIL, p = 0.041) at 1 month postoperation. We also compared the variation of each variable between the two procedures, but there were no significant differences in these parameters. However, MPT, APQ, and HNR at the post-MT after 6 months worsened compared to those at 1 month posttreatment, whereas MPT showed only a slight decrease from the 1st month to the 6th month in those with FIL.ConclusionBoth MT and FIL were effective for the voice recovery in patients with UVFP. Our findings suggest that surgical results in FIL might be better than those in MT 6 months after surgery, although there were no significant differences between these two procedures 1 month postoperation.     

Acoustic analysis of pathological voice. Some results of clinical application

Tape-recorded voices of 30 patients were acoustically analysed: 10 had glottic Tla carcinoma, 10 unilateral vocal fold polyp and 10 unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. The carcinoma cases were treated with laser surgery with/without radiotherapy, the polyp cases with endolaryngeal microsurgery and the paralysis cases with intrafold silicone injection. The acoustic analysis was conducted before and after the treatment for each patient. Three acoustic parameters, viz. pitch perturbation quotient (PPQ), amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ) and normalized noise energy (NNE), were employed. The results were as follows: (1) PPQ and APQ were greater in paralysis cases than in carcinoma and polyp cases; (2) none of the parameters was useful in differentiating the three disease groups investigated; (3) all three parameters proved to be useful in monitoring the effects of treatments; (4) all three parameters were positively correlated to the grade of hoarseness, rough and breathy quality of hoarseness, mean airflow rate and regularity of vocal fold vibration viewed under stroboscopy; (5) PPQ, APQ and NNE were positively related to each other.     

成人嗓音计算机检测及分析

为研究不同性别及年龄阶段我国正常成人嗓音的声学特征以及不同发音方式下声带振动的特性，应用计算机语音频谱分析技术在９０例２０－５０岁正常人的噪音进行了声学参数测量。     

声带癌T1的激光与放射治疗对喉发声机能的影响

目的 探讨声带癌Ｔ１的ＣＯ２激光治疗与放射治疗对喉发声机能有何不同影响。方法 ２４例声带癌Ｔ１患者,９例行ＣＯ２激光治疗,７例放射治疗,８例ＣＯ２激光与放射联合治疗。于治疗前后行频闪喉镜检查,噪音声学分析（ＡＰＱ,ＰＰＱ,ＮＮＥｂ,ＮＮＥａ）,喉平均呼气流率（ＭＦＲ）检测及噪音听觉评价分析。结果 放射加激光联合治疗对发声功能较单独应用激光或单独应用放射的影响大。ＣＯ２激光治疗组噪音音质改变为粗糙型     

Long-term outcomes of basic fibroblast growth factor treatments in patients with vocal fold scarring,aged vocal fold,and sulcus vocalis

ObjectiveFibrotic changes in the vocal fold mucosa have been observed in patients with vocal fold scarring, aged vocal fold, and sulcus vocalis, which often lead to severe voice disorders. Previous research suggests that the basic fibroblast growth factor (b FGF) improves variations in vocal fold properties [1,2]. Although clinical studies on b FGF treatments have been conducted [3,4,5], these studies only demonstrated the efficacy of this drug over a short period. The present study is the first to investigate the long-term efficacy of b FGF treatment.Methodsb FGF injections were performed in six patients from January of 2016 to December of 2017 at our institution. Patient follow-up continued for at least two years after the last injection. Three patients had vocal fold scarring, two had aged vocal fold atrophy, and one patient had sulcus vocalis. Each vocal fold was injected with 10 µg of b FGF four times. Voice and stroboscopic examinations were performed after surgery (at one month, three months, six months, one year, two years). Fundamental frequency, maximum phonation time (MPT), mean flow rate (MFR), amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ), pitch perturbation quotient (PPQ), and noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR), and voice handicap index-10 (VHI-10) were examined and compared statistically between the pretreatment time and at each posttreatment time point.ResultsThe speaking F0 had an obvious decreasing tendency, with significant differences suggesting the increase in volume in the vocal folds. Aerodynamic parameters also showed small improvements. The most remarkable improvement was observed in the acoustic parameters, indicating that the treatment could improve the vocal fold to make vibrations symmetrically and regularly for a long period. Achievement of symmetry and regularity on vocal fold vibrations suggested the property changes had happened in the vocal folds. Consequently, the score of VHI-10 had improved, indicating high patient satisfaction with this treatment.Conclusionb FGF injections could be a reliable treatment option for diseases that deteriorate the property of vocal fold.     

正常成人嗓音频谱分析

为探讨不同性别及不同年龄阶段我国正常成人嗓音的声学特征,应用计算机频谱分析技术对145例18～80岁正常人的嗓音进行声学参数检测.结果表明:各年龄段男女基频(F_0),第二、三共振峰(F_2、F_3),频率微扰商(FPQ)以及中、青年男女间振幅微扰商(APQ)有显著性差异,男性振幅微扰商(APQ)随年龄增长而下降,六十岁以后又明显升高,老年男性基频(F_0)明显升高而老年女性基频(F_0)则明显下降.本研究可为临床嗓音的分析评估提供客观的方法和依据.     

CO_2激光与喉显微手术治疗声带息肉的疗效对比

目的 比较ＣＯ２激光与喉显微手术治疗声带息肉的治疗效果。方法 ６０例声带息肉患者分为激光组和喉显微手术组，每组各３０例。患者手术后行间接喉镜声带检查、嗓音声学分析、主观听觉评价分析。结果激光组术后声带形态的恢复时间要长于喉显微手术组；激光组术后声学参数中的ＰＰＱ值大于而Ｈ／Ｎ值小于显微手术组；激光组术后的嗓音主观听觉评价以粗糙型和紧张型为主，而喉显微手术组仅以粗糙型为主。结论 对声带息肉的治疗喉显微手术方法优于激光手术，喉显微手术较激光手术对组织损伤小，术后愈合时间短，术后嗓音恢复快，同时也减轻了患者的经济负担。     

Treatment of vocal fold scar by carbon dioxide laser and collagen injection: retrospective study on 12 patients

Vocal fold scars are the result of injury to the vocal fold lamina propria. This condition leads to an impaired vibration and usually to poor voice quality. The purpose of our study was to compare the pre- and posttreatment voice assessment scores in patients treated by CO₂ laser-assisted freeing of the scar followed by collagen injection. A group of 12 patients (10 women and 2 men) with vocal fold scars was studied retrospectively. Voice assessment was based on stroboscopy and on perceptual scores using the Grade (G) of the GRABS scale, subjective evaluation by the use of the Voice Handicap Index (VHI), aerodynamic measurements [maximum phonation time (MPT) and phonation quotient (PQ)], and acoustical measurements (frequency range and low intensity). Stroboscopy showed an improvement on the mucosal vocal fold wave and on the glottic competence. The mean VHI was improved from 63.16 to 45.5; G from 2 to 1.41; MPT from 7.05 to 8.62 s; and PQ from 463.02 to 358.54 ml/s. CO₂ laser freeing of vocal fold scars followed by collagen injection, combined with speech therapy, improved significantly the aerodynamic parameters (efficiency of voice), but not the acoustical scores.     

Simultaneous reconstruction of pharyngoesophagus and phonetic shunt following laryngopharyngoesophagectomy

Because of its many advantages, free jejunal transfer has gained wide acceptance for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction after ablative surgery. Because the jejunum is well vascularized, it facilitates good wound healing, and has a low incidence of anastomotic insufficiency, fistula formation and stricture. However, voice rehabilitation in this group of patients can be difficult. Therefore, we performed primary tracheojejunal shunt operations for voice restoration with jejunum siphons using Nozaki's method (type 3). In this procedure, after dividing a section of the jejunum into two segments, the reconstructed neopharyngoesophagus is anastomosed in a side-to-end fashion to the fabricated shunt using the other segment of the jejunum, as an "elephant nose shunt" so called because of its appearance. Voice restoration can be achieved in patients who undergo laryngopharyngoesophagectomy through these reconstructive procedures. We performed this surgery for nine hypopharyngeal cancer patients after total pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy. Following placement of the shunt, no special care was required. Only one patient developed a severe aspiration. No leakage was seen and the swallowing function was preserved in all patients. Four of nine patients could speak well following these procedures. A vibratory source is created in the neoesophagus, above the elephant shunt. During speech production, narrowing of the inside and vibration of the jejunal mucosa can be observed using a laryngeal fiber scope. In order to study the acoustical characteristics of shunt speech, voice analysis was performed in patients with restored phonatory function using Computerized Speech Lab Model 4300 (KAY). Irregularities of pitch periods in the voice sample were measured using Jita (the pitch period) and Jitt (relative evaluation of the pitch) for the very short term (cycle-to-cycle), and PPQ (pitch period pertubation quotient) for the short term (cycle-to-cycle with a smoothing factor of 5 periods). Irregularities of the peak-to-peak amplitude were measured using ShdB (evaluation in dB of the peak-to-peak amplitude) and Shim (relative evaluation of the peak-to-peak amplitude) for the very short term (cycle-to-cycle), and APQ (amplitude perturbation quotient) for the short term (cycle-to-cycle with a smoothing factor of 11 periods). The pertubation parameters of shunt speech are larger than normal ones not only in terms of the period but also in terms of the amplitude. These results are similar to those of laryngeal polyps, recurrent nerve palsy and esophageal speech. Recovery of phonation using Nozaki's type 3 method with the elephant nose shunt appears promising for pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomized patients.     

Effectiveness of fibrin coating in the management of web formation after laryngomicrosurgery

Purpose

To explore the effectiveness of fibrin coating in reducing web formation after endoscopic management of the anterior commissure of the larynx.

Acoustical effects of endotracheal intubation

Certain acoustical consequences of endotracheal intubation were examined in 13 male cardiovascular-surgery patients. Each subject recorded three tokens of a sustained vowel 1 day before intubation, 1 day after, upon discharge, and during a follow-up visit. Eight acoustical measures were obtained from the audio-recorded vowels: (a) mean fundamental frequency (Fo), (b) Fo standard deviation, (c) Fo perturbation quotient, (d) mean sound pressure level (SPL), (e) SPL standard deviation, (f) SPL perturbation quotient, (g) spectral flatness of the residue signal, and (h) coefficient of excess. Mean Fo, Fo standard deviation, mean SPL, SPL standard deviation, and coefficient of excess did not differ significantly across recording sessions, although certain predictable trends were apparent. Fo perturbation quotient, SPL perturbation quotient, and spectral flatness of the residue signal varied significantly across sessions, implying that these acoustical measures may be useful in the identification and monitoring of even minor intubation-related laryngeal trauma.     

Transcutaneous intrafold injection result and its influencing factors

The result of transcutaneous intrafold injection and its influencing factors were studied for fifty five procedures in fifty two patients with unilateral recurrent nerve paralysis. Maximum phonation time, mean air flow rate and amplitude perturbation quotient of the voice were normalized or improved after the procedures more than 85%. In general assessment with functional and acoustic examinations, 76% of the procedures showed significant improvement. The paralysis after the thoracic surgery, right vocal fold paralysis and the paralysis complicated with sulcus vocalic tended to have insufficient improvement after injection. The most significant correlation to the result was shown in the degree of vocal fold augmentation immediately after injection. It was depend on the surgeon's technique and the patient's problems such as an anatomical abnormality of the larynx and an insufficient inhibition of the gag reflex.     

Acoustic analysis of the normal voice in nonsmoking adults

Acoustic analysis was made of 154 voices of healthy non-smokers adults. A sustained vowel /a/ was recorded on a mini-disc. Acoustic analysis was carried out with Dr. Speech Science software. Fundamental frequency (F0), standard deviation of the fundamental frequency (SD F0), jitter PPQ (%), shimmer APQ (%), harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR), and normalized noise energy (NNE) were estimated. Mean F0 was 201 Hz in women and 129 Hz in men. F0 increased with age in men. In women, changes in F0 with age were not statistically significant. Age, sex and F0 did not significantly influence jitter, shimmer or HNR. An acceptable normal threshold is 0.5% jitter. Three percent shimmer excludes 13% of healthy persons. Our HNR values were higher than those reported elsewhere (95th percentile: 18 dB). An NNE threshold of -10 dB is unacceptable because it excludes 38% of healthy persons. NNE differed with sex (mean difference: 3-5 dB). Methodology, sample characteristics and the vowel /a/ may account for some of the differences in results.     

Clinical evaluation of Parkinson's-related dysphonia

OBJECTIVES: Nearly one third of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) cite dysphonia, characterized subjectively as causing a harsh and breathy voice, as their most debilitating deficit. Medical or behavioral treatments may lead to voice improvement. The purpose of this study was 1) to determine whether vocal fold injection of Cymetra (micronized form of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans; Lifecell Co.) is associated with changes in dysphonic voice characteristics in subjects with IPD, as judged perceptually using a standard instrument Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V), and (2) which acoustic and aerodynamic measurements of voice are most reflective of any observed perceptual changes in voice. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical evaluation of patients with Parkinson's-related dysphonia (PRD). METHODS: Six patients with PRD were evaluated before treatment for the presence of dysphonia and glottal gap. All subjects underwent transoral vocal fold collagen injection using topical anesthesia in the otolaryngology clinic as part of their clinical care. At the initial clinic visit, and 10 to14 days after vocal fold collagen injection, patients were asked to complete the Voice Handicap Index (VHI), a questionnaire concerning voice-related quality of life, and perceptual analyses of voice quality were performed. In addition, patients underwent acoustic (pitch/loudness range, maximum phonation time [MPT], and aerodynamic phonation threshold pressure [PTP]) voice analysis. RESULTS: Five of six subjects had self-perceived improvements in voice after treatment, as determined by the VHI (range, +8 to -24). All five subjects who completed testing demonstrated decreased PTP (range, -1.3 to -2.7, P = .002). Five of six subjects demonstrated statistically significant improvements in MPT (range, -2-16 s, P = .05). Five of six subjects had improved pitch range (-26-343 Hz), whereas all subjects had increased intensity range (0.6-23 db) after injection. CONCLUSIONS: Transoral collagen injection in patients with PRD is safe, well tolerated, and is an effective temporary method of subjectively improving voice and speech in selected patients with IPD. Reduction of glottal gap with collagen improves MPT and subglottal PTP. The resulting gain of vocal efficiency may reduce vocal fatigue and provide a useful adjunct to voice therapy for PRD.     

Voice prostheses: long-term follow-up retrospective study (three- to sixteen-year follow-up of 22 patients)

BACKGROUND: Thirty-five patients using tracheoesophageal voice with a 3- to 16-year follow-up were investigated. We analyzed functional voice outcome, voice prosthesis (VP) lifespan, and VP-related complications. METHODS: Between 1987 and 2001, 81 patients underwent total laryngectomy (TL). The 35 currently surviving patients (31 men, 4 women) were studied for VP lifespan and VP-related complications encountered up to 16 years after surgery. For voice rehabilitation, the 35 laryngectomies of our study required 178 prostheses. Short- and long-term voice results of 22 patients were compared by objective voice examination: maximum phonation time (MPT), intensity range (Int.), fundamental frequency (F0), frequency analysis (FA), and voice handicap index (VHI). RESULTS: Long-term results are: F0=131 (range: 30-250); Int=22.5 dB (range: 17-35 dB); MPT=4 sec (range: 2-12 sec); FA=3 (range: 1-4); VHI=38/120 (range: 8-73). Short- vs long-term outcome comparison shows the following values: F0: 93 vs 135 Hz; Int: 25 vs 24 dB; FA: 1 vs 3; and MPT: 21 vs 4 sec. The mean VP lifespan is 165.5 days for Provox (range: 2 days-30 months); 143.5 days for Blom-Singer (range: 10 days-24 months); and 195 days for VoiceMaster (6-7 months). Postoperative complications involved 12 cases of periprosthetic leakage (6.74%); 31 granulomas (17.4%); 3 partial stenoses of the tracheoesophageal tract (1.6%); and 1 temporarily removed VP (0.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Complications are generally resolved during standard office-setting examination. The commercially available VPs are complementary, used according to the diverse characteristics of each VP.     

声带息肉围手术期嗓音训练的临床疗效分析

目的　探讨声带息肉患者围手术期行嗓音训练对嗓音恢复的临床疗效。方法　选取72例于我院耳鼻咽喉科行声带息肉手术的患者,随机均分为研究组和对照组,术后对照组仅接受常规治疗,研究组在常规治疗的基础上进行嗓音训练,比较两组患者术后8周的嗓音声学分析结果。结果　术后8周研究组在最长发声时间（maximum phonation time,MPT）、嗓音障碍严重指数（dysphonia severity index,DSI）及最高基频（highest frequency,F0-High）等方面显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;在基频微扰（Jitter）方面显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。两组患者在基频（Fundamental frequency,F0）、最低音强（lowest intensity,I-Low）及振幅微扰（Shimmer）等方面差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论　声带息肉围手术期嗓音训练有助于患者嗓音的恢复。     

语前聋成人人工耳蜗植入者嗓音的声学分析

目的观察成人语前聋人工耳蜗植入者嗓音的特点,为这类患者的植入及嗓音矫治提供依据。方法分别对28例语前聋成人人工耳蜗植入者、18例语前聋者和10例正常听力者的元音[a ]3s稳定段进行声学分析,分析内容包括基频、第一、第二共振峰、嗓音声学参数频率微扰商、振幅微扰商、谐噪比。对3组结果进行比较。结果人工耳蜗组的基频为(175 42±25 31)Hz,较耳聋组的(210 84±54 30)Hz有下降(P=0 02)。人工耳蜗组共振峰位置[F2 =(1264 64±152 19)Hz]比耳聋组[F2=(1422 44±232 37)Hz]更接近于正常听力组(P=0 02)。频率微扰商在人工耳蜗组(2 09±1 15)较耳聋组(5 32±4 29)更接近于正常听力组(P=0 006)。人工耳蜗组和耳聋组的嗓音表现出较大的个体差异。结论从嗓音声学特点的角度而言,成人语前聋人工耳蜗植入者可以有限地获益于人工耳蜗植入。由于他们的语言识别能力远远差于儿童和成人语后聋人工耳蜗植入者,其总体效果有限,对这类患者的植入应该慎重开展。     

杓状软骨内移术对改善声带麻痹患者发音功能的作用

目的 :评价杓状软骨内移术对声带麻痹患者发音功能的疗效。方法 :用喉空气动力学检查及嗓音分析方法 ,对 5 6例杓状软骨内移术患者手术前后最大发声时 (MPT)、平均呼气流率 (MFR)、声强 (SPL )、发音时呼气压 (EP) ,以及用 GRBAS法进行的嗓音听觉评价的嘶哑度 (G)进行了比较。结果 :术后 :MPT平均值男延长了3.1倍 ,女延长了 2 .7倍 ;MFR平均值显著下降 ,男从 82 7.3ml/ s下降到 34 0 .3ml/ s,女从 477.1m l/ s下降到 15 8ml/ s(P <0 .0 1) ;SPL平均值升高 ;EP平均值下降 ;G的平均值从 2 .8下降到 1.7(P <0 .0 1) ,改善程度在 1级以上的占 71%。结论 :杓状软骨内移术可使喉的发音功能得到显著改善 ,是非常安全、有效的手术方法之一。