内镜逆行胰胆管造影对Mirizzi综合征的诊断价值

目的 探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）对Ｍｉｒｉｚｚｉ综合征的诊断价值,提高对该病的术前诊断率。方法 对３０例Ｍｉｒｉｚｚｉ综合征的临床特征,实验室检查、十二指肠镜下特点及ＥＲＣＰ的Ｘ线表现进行分析,并与Ｂ超、ＣＴ检查棹比较。结果 Ｍｉｒｉｚｚｉ综合征病史较长,ＥＲＣＰ的典型表现为肝总管可风级完整的充盈缺损,缺损以上的肝总管及肝内胆管轻至重度扩张。并胆囊萎缩及胆囊结石。ＥＲＣＰ确诊率为８６．６７     

急性髓系白血病多药耐药表达与白血病克隆生长的关系

多药耐药（ＭＤＲ）及白血病细胞高度增殖能力所产生的再生耐药,是急性髓系白血病（ＡＭＬ）化疗失败的重要原因。我们采用植物血凝素——白细胞条件培养液（ＰＨＡ－ＬＣＭ）为生长刺激因子,体外培养白血病祖细胞（Ｌ－ＣＦＵ）。同时使用ＪＳＢ－１单克隆抗体免疫组化ＡＢＣ法检测ＡＭＬ病人骨髓细胞中Ｐ１７０表达,以探讨两者间关系及其临床意义。１　材料与方法１．１　研究对象　２１例ＡＭＬ均经细胞形态学、免疫学分型确诊。ＦＡＢ分型Ｍ１６例,Ｍ２５例,Ｍ３５例,Ｍ４１例,ＣＭＬ急变４例。其中初治１８例,复发２例,难治性…     

大肠癌组织APC／MCC和DCC基因杂合缺失的研究

为评估ＡＰＣ／ＭＣＣ和ＤＣＣ基因在大肠癌发生和发展中的作用，采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术，并配合限制性片段长度多态现象（ＲＦＬＰ）分析，对４１例大肠癌患者的组织ＡＰＣ／ＭＣＣ（位于染色体５ｑ２１）和ＤＣＣ基因（位于染色体１８ｑ２１．３）杂合缺失（ＬＯＨ）进行研究。ＡＰＣ基因ＬＯＨ率为２８．０％（７／２５），ＭＣＣ基因ＬＯＨ率为３６．４％（８／２２），两者综合分析ＬＯＨ率为３８．９％（１４／３８）。ＤＣＣ基因ＬＯＨ率为５５．３％（２１／３８）。ＤＣＣ基因在有淋巴结转移组的ＬＯＨ率（８０．０％）显著高于无淋巴结转移组（３９．１％）（Ｐ＜０．０５），在ＤｕｋｅｓＣ、Ｄ期组的ＬＯＨ率（７１．４％）显著高于Ａ、Ｂ期组（３５．３％）。以上结果提示，ＡＰＣ／ＭＣＣ和ＤＣＣ基因的ＬＯＨ是大肠癌常见的基因改变，ＤＣＣ基因ＬＯＨ的测定有可能成为大肠癌病人预后估计的指标。     

MDS转归白血病的临床与形态学

骨髓增生异常综合征（ＭＤＳ）是一种异常造血干细胞衍生的恶性克隆性疾病,表现为血细胞减少,无效性血细胞生成;有病态造血,容易向白血病转化等特点。我们观察了近年来确诊的ＭＤＳ８４例,其中１２例转化为急性白血病（ＡＬ）,占ＭＤＳ的１４．２８％。对１２例患者转归ＡＬ的临床及形态学进行了观察,结果如下。１材料和方法１．１标本来源　选河北医科大学第二医院血液病研究室接ＦＡＢ方案确诊的ＭＤＳ８４例,其中ＲＡ１１例,ＲＡＳ５例,ＲＡＥＢ４８例,ＲＡＥＢ－Ｔ２０例。男５２例,女３２例,年龄１．５～７１岁,平均３５…     

17号染色体微卫星不稳定性和杂合性丢失与非小细胞肺癌的关系

目的　明确１７ 号染色体微卫星不稳定性（ＭＩ） 和杂合性丢失（ＬＯＨ） 与非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ） 的关系。方法　对３５ 例ＮＳＣＬＣ肿瘤切除组织和肿瘤旁正常组织,采用聚合酶链反应微卫星长度多态性分析方法检测了１７ 号染色体上４ 个微卫星位点ＴＰ５３（１７ｐ１３－１）、ＴＨＲＡ１（１７ｑ１１－２１２）、Ｄ１７Ｓ５７９（１７ｑ１２２１）、Ｄ１７Ｓ８５５（１７ｑ２１） 的ＭＩ和ＬＯＨ。结果　３５ 例ＮＳＣＬＣ中,１７ 号染色体ＭＩ和（或）ＬＯＨ的发生率为６３％ （２４／３５）,其中ＭＩ为４０％ （１４／３５） ,ＬＯＨ 为３１％ （１１／３５）。同时表现有ＭＩ和ＬＯＨ 为９％ （３／３５） 。早期ＮＳＣＬＣ（ Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期） １７ 号染色体ＭＩ和（ 或）ＬＯＨ 发生率为７９％ （１５／１９）,明显大于晚期（ Ⅲ期）ＮＳＣＬＣ（４４％ ,７／１６,Ｐ＜０－０５） 。无纵隔淋巴结转移的ＮＳＣＬＣ的ＭＩ和（ 或）ＬＯＨ 发生率（８７％ ） 亦明显大于已有纵隔淋巴结转移者（４８％ ）,Ｐ＜ ０－０５。ＭＩ和（ 或）ＬＯＨ 在不同肿瘤组织类型以及不同组织细胞分化程度之间差异无显著性,Ｐ＞０．０５。结论　１７ 号染色体ＭＩ和ＬＯＨ 在ＮＳＣＬＣ的发生中可     

胃癌微卫星不稳定性和抑癌基因杂合缺失

目的研究微卫星不稳和抑癌基因缺失在胃癌发生中的作用．方法采用ＰＣＲ为基础的方法,检测了５３例胃癌中６个微卫星标记突变及ＡＰＣ／ＭＣＣ和ＤＣＣ基因杂合缺失（ＬＯＨ）．结果胃癌微卫星不稳的检出率为３２１％（１７／５３）．７例（１３２％）为微卫星高频率不稳（３个以上微卫星标志）,１０例（１８９％）为微卫星低频率不稳（１或２个微卫星标记）．肠型胃癌微卫星高频率不稳的发生率（２５０％）显著高于弥漫型胃癌（３４％）（Ｐ＜００５）．高频率不稳组未发现有ＡＰＣ,ＭＣＣ和ＤＣＣ基因ＬＯＨ,微卫星高频率不稳与ＡＰＣ／ＭＣＣ和ＤＣＣ基因ＬＯＨ呈负相关．结论微卫星不稳在部分胃癌,特别是肠型胃癌早期发生中起重要作用,高频率不稳胃癌与遗传性非息肉大肠癌有共同的特点．与此相反,低频率不稳和无不稳胃癌可能通过ＬＯＨ病理途径发生     

胃癌组织5q微卫星不稳定性与APC/MCC基因杂合性缺失的研究

目的探讨５ｑ微卫星不稳定性（ＭＳＩ）与ＡＰＣ／ＭＣＣ基因杂合缺失（ＬＯＨ）的关系。方法应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＬＰ及ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ技术分析５２例手术切除胃癌组织中ＭＳＩ及ＡＰＣ／ＭＭＣ基因ＬＯＨ。结果５ｑＭＳＩ检出率为３４．０％（１６／４７）,ＡＰＣ／ＭＣＣ基因ＬＯＨ率为３１．４％（１１／３５）。早期胃癌５ｑＭＳＩ阳性率为６６．７％（２／３）,ＡＰＣ／ＭＣＣＬＯＨ率为５０％（１／２）;进展期分别为３１．８（１４／４４）,３０．３％（１０／３３）。两组间无显著差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＭＳＩ及杂合缺失与肿瘤大小、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及临床分期无关。粘液（印戒）细胞癌ＡＰＣ／ＭＣＣＬＯＨ率（５５．６％）显著高于高、中分化管状腺癌（Ｐ＜０．０５）。胃、肠两型胃癌５ｑＭＳＩ及ＡＰＣ／ＭＣＣＬＯＨ差异无显著性及５ｑＭＳＩ与ＡＰＣ／ＭＣＣＬＯＨ无相关性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论染色体５ｑＭＳＩ有ＡＰＣ／ＭＣＣ基因ＬＯＨ在两型胃癌的早期发生及发展中起一定作用。染色体５ｑ可能是胃癌的易感部位。     

甘油三酯／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值对老年冠心病诊断价值的 …

探讨甘油三酯／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＴＧ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）比值对老年冠心病（ＣＨＤ）的诊断价值。方法：分极３４２例选择性冠状动脉造影（冠脉造影）确诊的老年ＣＨＤ患者（ＣＨＤ组）及９６例冠脉造影阴性老年人（对照组）的ＴＧ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值水平与ＣＨＤ之间的关系。结果：ＣＨＤ组患者的ＴＧ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值水平及异常率均明显高于对照组（２．５４&;#177;１．２９比１．３２&;#177;１．１６，Ｐ〈０．００１，３５．６％比１３．７％     

净化及非净化自体骨髓移植治疗白血病39例临床研究

报告自体骨髓移植治疗白血病３９例，其中非净化自体骨髓移植（ＡＢＭＴ）１４例，净化自体骨髓移植（ＰＡＢＭＴ）２５例。中位年龄２８岁（１０～４３岁）。ＡＭＬ２７例，ＡＬＬ１０例，ＣＭＬ２例。ＣＲ１３１例，ＣＲ２７例，ＮＲ１例。ＣＲ至移植时间中位数６．７个月（２～１９个月）。预处理方案：ＴＢＩ加Ａｒａ－ｃ、ＤＮＲ或ＶＰ１６。ＡＢＭＴ组及ＰＡＢＭＴ组３年无病生存（ＤＦＳ）率分别为６８．３２％及６７．５７％，复发率为３０．７６％及２６．８０％。但ＰＡＢＭＴ组ＡＭＬ患者３年ＤＦＳ率为８２．３５％及ＣＲ２期移７５％３年ＤＦＳ率为７５％，明显高于ＣＲ。期移植未净化者５０％。化疗组３年ＤＦＳ率为７．３８％及复发率７６．４％，两移植组疗效优于化疗组。     

人心肌肌凝蛋白轻链的生化特性及其临床意义

测定人心肌肌凝蛋白（Ｍｙｏｓｉｎ）、肌凝蛋白轻链（Ｍ－ＬＣ）、重链（Ｍ－ＨＣ）的ＡＴＰ酶活性，结果Ｍ－ＬＣ的Ｍ－ＬＣＡＴＰ酶活性略高于肌凝蛋白ＡＴＰ酶活性，Ｍ－ＨＣ无ＡＴＰ酶活性。同时采用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法测定９６例正常人及４７例心肌梗塞病人，结果正常人血清Ｍ－ＬＣ１平均值为５．９６ｎｇ／ｍｌ，心肌梗塞病人为７３．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．００１）。心肌酶谱与Ｍ－ＬＣ１对心肌梗塞诊断符合率比较，Ｍ－ＬＣ１诊断符合率为１００％，ＣＰＫ同功酶ＭＢ为９０．６％。本组制备的单抗与兔心肌肌凝蛋白无交叉反应，抗鸡心肌Ｍ－ＬＣ的单抗与本组提纯的Ｍ－ＬＣ１亦无亲和反应，说明人心肌Ｍ－ＬＣ１单抗具有种属特异性。     

Pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer: simultaneous and sequential occurrence

OBJECTIVE:

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death and represents a major public health problem worldwide. Another major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries, is tuberculosis. The simultaneous or sequential occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis and LC in the same patient has been reported in various case series and case-control studies. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients developing tuberculosis and LC, either simultaneously or sequentially.

METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional study based on the review of medical charts.

RESULTS:

The study involved 24 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and LC between 2009 and 2012. The diagnoses of tuberculosis and LC occurred simultaneously in 10 patients, whereas tuberculosis was diagnosed prior to LC in 14. The median time between the two diagnoses was 5 years (interquartile range: 1-30 years). Fourteen patients (58.3%) were male, 20 (83.3%) were White, and 22 (91.7%) were smokers or former smokers. The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma, identified in 14 cases (58.3%), followed by epidermoid carcinoma, identified in 6 (25.0%). Seven patients (29.2%) presented with distant metastases at diagnosis; of those 7 patients, 5 (71%) were diagnosed with LC and tuberculosis simultaneously.

CONCLUSIONS:

In the present study, most of the patients with tuberculosis and LC were smokers or former smokers, and tuberculosis was diagnosed either before or simultaneously with LC. Non-small cell lung cancer, especially adenocarcinoma, was the most common histological type.     

Clinical features of lung cancer in patients with connective tissue diseases: a 10-year hospital based study

BACKGROUND: Connective tissue diseases (CTD) might be associated with various malignancies, and one of the most frequent is lung cancer (LC). Despite our understanding of pathogenesis, this association remains still unclear. The aim of the present study is to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with CTD who developed LC. METHODS: Of 375 successive patients with CTD followed up to University Hospital between 1995 and 2004, 24 patients were diagnosed with LC: 11 (46%) had systemic sclerosis (SSc), 6 (25%) rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 6 (25%) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 1 (4%) dermatomyositis. We analyzed LC stage, radiological presentation, histological type, patients' smoking status, method of diagnosis, treatment applied, and disease outcome. RESULTS: Average duration of CTD was 13.95 (range 0-30) years. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was significantly more frequent than small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Among patients with NSCLC, 21 patients (85%) presented with stage III or IV. With regard to treatment, 13% patients underwent surgery, 25% chemotherapy, 4% patients combined chemo- and radiotherapy and 58% patients had only supportive therapy. The median survival was 5 months (range 1-96 months). CONCLUSION: The majority of CTD patients who developed LC were diagnosed at advanced stage and had poor survival. Efforts for early detection of LC in CTD patients' group are warranted.     

Myelodysplastic syndrome accompanied by Evans syndrome

Various cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with diverse immunological disorders have been reported by many investigators. In this case report, we present a 70-year-old woman who had been diagnosed as having MDS and liver cirrhosis (LC) type C for 20 months, and who finally developed autoimmune phenomena against autologous blood cells. She was admitted to our hospital in order to evaluate her advanced anemia, thrombocytopenia and fatigue. The laboratory data at admission were as follows: hemoglobin 5.3 g/dl, red blood cell count 109 x 10(4)/microliter, white blood cell count 1,760/microliter, platelet count 4.3 x 10(4)/microliter and reticulocyte count 1.3%. The direct Coombs test was positive. In addition, anti-platelet antibody was positive, using the MPHA method. With these results, Evans syndrome secondary to MDS or LC was diagnosed. The mechanisms for the development of immunological disorders in patients with MDS or LC have not been fully elucidated. To our knowledge, this patient is one of the rare cases with MDS and Evans syndrome reported in the literature. During the generation process of autoantibodies, the role of HCV antigen in the pathogenesis of Evans syndrome was of interest in this patient.     

Distinct epitopes on formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase induce autoimmune liver cytosol antibody type 1

Liver cytosol antibody type 1 (LC1) is regarded as a serologic marker of type 2 autoimmune hepatitis, in addition to liver kidney microsomal antibody type 1. Among 38 patients with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis, 23 were positive for LC1 antibodies. The antigen recognized by LC1 has been identified as a liver-specific 58-kd metabolic enzyme named formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD). All 23 LC1-positive sera immunoprecipitated rat FTCD, and 22 gave an identity reaction with rat FTCD by immunodiffusion. No reaction was observed with sera from 10 patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, 10 with primary biliary cirrhosis, 10 with chronic hepatitis C, and 10 healthy controls. By Western immunoblotting all 23 LC1-positive sera and all the controls tested negative, suggesting that all the antigenic epitopes were destroyed by denaturation. FTCD is a bifunctional protein composed of distinct globular FT and CD domains connected by a short linker. To identify epitopes that trigger the LC1 autoimmune response, we tested LC1 antibodies against FTCD constructs encoding the N-terminal FT domain (amino acids 1-339), or the C-terminal CD domain (amino acids 332-541). Of 20 sera positive against full-length FTCD, 8 (40%) recognized the FT domain and the CD domain, 7 (35%) recognized only the FT domain, and 5 (25%) did not recognize either construct. No sera reacted with only the CD domain. These data indicate that multiple regions of FTCD trigger the LC1 autoimmune response, and that LC1 reactivity is mainly directed to conformation-sensitive epitopes located in the FT region of FTCD.     

腹腔镜下Mirizzi综合征的治疗体会

目的探讨Mirizzi综合征(MS)的诊断及腹腔镜下治疗MS的价值与术中处理方法。方法回顾性分析我院2004年12月至2010年3月腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中26例MS患者的临床资料。结果 26例MS,术前诊断7例,其余均为术中诊断。Ⅰ型18例,其中16例成功施行了LC手术,2例中转开腹;Ⅱ型5例,2例施行了腹腔镜胆囊大部切除,瘘口修补,胆总管切开胆道镜探查T管支撑引流术。其余3例中转开腹;Ⅲ型3例均中转开腹,1例行瘘口修补,2例行胆囊切除+Roux-en-Y胆道重建。结论 B超是首选的检查方法,内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)、磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)能提高术前诊断率。腹腔镜及腹腔镜胆道镜联合应用能安全处理大部分Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型的MS病例,对于Ⅲ型及Ⅳ型患者,腹腔镜下处理较为困难,应尽量开腹处理。     

Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatic vena cava disease, a liver disease caused by obstruction of inferior vena cava

Purpose  Hepatic vena cava disease (HVD), a form of Budd-Chiari syndrome, is caused by the obstruction of hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava. It is a chronic disease characterized by the development of liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As HVD occurred in areas with high incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and some patients tested HBsAg positive, it was thought to be the cause of LC and HCC. To assess the pathogenesis of LC or HCC in HVD, a long-term follow-up study was done. Method  Fifty-six patients with HVD diagnosed by ultrasound (US) and confirmed by cavography in 31 and liver biopsy in 34 were followed up for an average of 14.8 ± 9 years. The occurrence of LC was diagnosed by US and/or liver biopsy and that of HCC by US, elevated level of α-fetoprotein, and liver biopsy or fine-needle aspiration cytology, or computed tomographic scan. Other risk factors for LC/HCC such as alcohol use and HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections were assayed. Results  Forty-four (78.5%) and 6 (10.7%) patients developed cirrhosis and HCC, respectively. LC/HCC occurred more frequently among those who had severe or frequent acute exacerbations (P = 0.017), but it was not related to alcohol use or HBV and HCV infections. Conclusion  HVD is independent risk factors for LC and HCC. Severe and/or recurrent loss of hepatocytes caused by hepatic venous outflow obstruction and/or thrombotic obstruction of small radicals of hepatic and portal veins that occurred during acute exacerbations was considered important in the pathogenesis of LC and HCC in HVD.     

Características clínicas y supervivencia de los pacientes nunca fumadores con cáncer de pulmón

Introduction and objective

To analyze the frequency, clinical characteristics and survival of patients with lung cancer (LC) who have never smoked in comparison to patients who smoke.

Patients and methods

A retrospective study in patients diagnosed with LC by cytohistology between 1999 and 2011. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The χ² test was used to estimate the relationship between the variables.

Results

A total of 2161 patients were diagnosed with LC, 396 (18.3%) of whom had never smoked. The mean age (± standard deviation) in this group was 72.85 ± 10.52; 64.6% were women and 35.4% men. According to the cytohistology, 55.6% were adenocarcinoma, 20.5% squamous cell, 15% small cell, 2.7% large cell and 6.2% other subtypes. The diagnosis was made in advanced stage (iv) in 61.4%, and 14.4% of the patients received surgical treatment. Survival was 12.4%, with no differences between the two groups. In the group of never smokers, women had better survival than men.

Conclusions

Of the patients diagnosed with LC, 18.3% had never smoked. It was diagnosed mainly in women, at advanced stages and the most common histological type was adenocarcinoma. There were no survival differences compared to the group of smokers.     

Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis in 57 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on the criteria raised by the Japan Internal Medicine Society. Insulin resistance was estimated by the insulin resistance index of homeostasis model assessment. Ultrasonographically measured carotid atherosclerosis, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), and ankle brachial index (ABI) were used to assess the degree of atherosclerosis. Of 57 patients, 25 were diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome. The patients with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher levels of waist circumference, insulin, insulin resistance index of homeostasis model assessment, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and serum triglycerides, and lower concentrations of adiponectin. However, there was no significant difference in age, sex, glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c), fasting glucose, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor system activities including tumor necrosis factor alpha between the 2 groups. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the degree of carotid atherosclerosis (intimal-medial thickness in plaque-free segments: 0.72+/-0.03 vs 0.72+/-0.02 mm, P=.435; carotid stenosis in plaque segments: 6.6%+/-3.0% vs 6.6%+/-1.7%, P=.497), ba-PWV (1676+/-56 vs 1654+/-44, P=.380), and ABI (1.16+/-0.01 vs 1.15+/-0.01, P=.245) between the 2 groups. From these results, it can be suggested that metabolic syndrome, an insulin-resistant state, is not associated with carotid atherosclerosis, ba-PWV, or ABI in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.     

Symptomatic thrombotic events among Egyptian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: special consideration for renal vein thrombosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of symptomatic thrombotic events among Egyptian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to evaluate the frequency and the risk factors associated with renal vein thrombosis in those patients. METHODS: Fifty-four patients with SLE, 51 (94.4%) females, were involved in this study. All of them were submitted for abdominal sonography, chest X-ray, echocardiography, and Doppler of renal, abdominal and lower limb veins, with examination of data on clinical and laboratory profile. Abdominal CT, brain MRI, MRI both hips, CT chest and pulmonary scintigraphy were used when needed. RESULTS: Sixteen patients (29.6%) were diagnosed with symptomatic thrombotic events. Eight patients had more than one type of thrombosis. Two patients (3.7%) were diagnosed by Doppler as having renal vein thrombosis (RVT). This was confirmed by abdominal CT. One of them presented with nephrotic syndrome, graded by renal biopsy as World Health Organization (WHO) class V, and had positive anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL). The other patient had RVT and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis, nephrotic syndrome, positive ACL, and died before renal biopsy was performed. Both of them were without history of peripheral thrombotic events. One patient was diagnosed with IVC thrombosis, lupus nephritis grade II, positive ACL, and diagnosed by abdominal CT. One patient was diagnosed with portal vein thrombosis and had positive ACL. One patient with retinal vessel thrombosis and positive ACL. Four patients had deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Recurrent miscarriages were reported in 4 patients (7.4%), skin ulcerations in 3 (5.6%), avascular necrosis of the hips in 4 (7.4%), stroke in 1 (1.9%), and pulmonary hypertension in 2 patients (3.7%). CONCLUSION: Sixteen SLE patients (29.6%) were diagnosed with symptomatic thrombotic events. RVT was detected in 2 patients representing 3.7% of all patients, and 12.5% of patients with thrombosis. Both patients with RVT presented with nephrotic syndrome.     

Metabolic syndrome and its related biochemical derangements in breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A study from a tertiary care oncology centre from Puducherry,South India

Background and aimsComparison of the existence of metabolic syndrome, its components and their related biochemical complications between newly diagnosed and treated breast cancer patients.MethodsForty newly diagnosed untreated breast cancer patients and forty breast cancer patients who had received 7 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were recruited as group 1 and group 2 respectively. Height, weight, blood pressure, hormonal status, and tumor size were noted. The fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were estimated in AU 5811 Beckman coulter Clinical chemistry analyzer. Fasting insulin was estimated using Beckman Coulter access immunoassay system (UnicelDxI600). HbA1c assay was carried out in HPLC based ion exchange chromatography (Tosoh automated glycohemoglobin analyzer G8. Homeostasis Model Assessment 2-IR (HOMA 2-IR), HOMA-% B and HOMA-% S were calculated using an online calculator HOMA CALCULATOR [Oxford University]. Serum hsCRP and MDA were estimated by ELISA. FRAP assay was carried out manually to measure antioxidant status.ResultsThe existence of metabolic syndrome as well as type 2 diabetes was higher in the treated group when compared to the untreated patients. However, there were no significant differences in the indices of glucose homeostasis, low grade inflammation, oxidative stress and individual components of metabolic syndrome between the two groups. The triple negative patients were more prone to develop metabolic syndrome when compared to the triple positive patients.ConclusionSuitable therapeutic approaches may be planned out to address the metabolic syndrome and its related complications among breast cancer patients especially during the course of treatment.