高血压病QT离散度与左心室肥厚及室性心律失常关系的探讨

目的　探讨高血压病QT离散度 (QTdispersion ,QTd)与左心室肥厚 (leftventricularhypertrophy ,LVH)及室性心律失常 (ventriculararrhythmia ,VA )的关系。方法　选择2 0 6例原发性高血压患者 ,进行静息同步 12导联心电图 ,动态心电图及超声心动图测定 ,计算QTd ,左室重量指数 (LVMI)等指标。结果　左心室肥厚组平均QTd水平为 (6 7 9± 15 0 )ms ,平均LVMI水平为 (12 9 6± 8 4 )g/m2 ,和左心室正常者相比有显著差异 (P <0 0 0 1)。QT和LVMI显著相关 (r=0 82 6 ,P <0 0 1)。QTd≥ 5 0ms的左心室肥厚组室性心律失常及复杂性心律失常的检出率为 10 0 %和 5 9 3% ,明显高于QTd <5 0ms的左心室肥厚组 (5 0 % ,2 5 % )和左心室正常组 (35 3% ,5 9% ) ,有显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　QTd对原发性高血压左心室肥厚室性心律失常 ,尤其是复杂性心律失常有一定的预测价值。     

原发性高血压盐敏感者左心室重量变化及其与钠代谢的关系

目的 :探讨原发性高血压盐敏感者左心室重量与钠代谢的关系。方法 :对 71例原发性高血压患者 (原发性高血压组 )和 2 3例血压正常者 (正常对照组 )用静脉盐水负荷法确定盐敏感性 ,用超声法测量左心室重量指数 (LVMI) ,并测定 2 4h尿钠量及红细胞钠含量。结果 :①原发性高血压组和正常对照组盐敏感者LVMI均大于盐不敏感者 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,原发性高血压组盐敏感者左心室肥厚的检出率高于盐不敏感者 ,有显著性差异 ( 2 4 3%vs .5 8% ,P <0 0 5 ) ;② 2组盐敏感者盐负荷后红细胞钠含量显著增加 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,而盐不敏感者变化不明显 (P >0 0 5 ) ;③原发性高血压组患者的LVMI与 2 4h尿钠量及红细胞钠含量均呈显著正相关性 (P <0 0 1) ;逐步回归分析表明 ,红细胞钠含量是原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚的一个独立危险因素。结论 :高血压盐敏感者左心室重量明显大于盐不敏感者 ,提示高血压左心室肥厚的发生除血压等因素外 ,钠的摄入量及细胞内钠含量也是一个重要因素     

实时三维超声心动图评价高血压患者左心室心肌质量及左心房功能

目的应用实时三维超声心动图技术评价高血压患者左心室质量、左心房功能,并对左心室质量的测量与常规M型方法进行对照。方法在37名健康人、39例高血压无左心室肥厚(NLVH)患者和27例高血压伴左心室肥厚(LVH)患者中进行了超声心动图检查。应用M型超声心动图测量左心室质量(LVM)并计算左心室质量指数(LVMI),实时三维超声测量左心室质量(LVM)及LVMI,左心房舒张末容积(LAEDV)、左心房收缩末容积(LAESV),左心房射血分数(LAEF),并比较高血压组(NLVH组、LVH组)与健康对照组之间的差异。结果对照组、高血压NLVH组、LVH组3组间左心室质量指数两种检测方法差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且发现三维超声检测结果较M型测量数值低。左心房收缩功能指标各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在左心室重构、心肌质量增大的高血压患者,左心房容积增大,而收缩功能减低。结论实时三维超声技术能够定量评价高血压患者左心房功能,测量左心室质量。     

声学定量技术评价原发性高血压患者左房功能

目的评价原发性高血压患者左房的功能变化。方法38例正常人为对照组,67例原发性高血压(EH)患者分为高血压无左室肥厚组(NLVH)和高血压伴左室肥厚组(LVH),应用声学定量(AQ)技术观测左房的功能变化。结果与对照组比较,LVH组左房射血分数(LAEF)显著增加,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01),LVH组管道容量(CV)则明显下降,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),高血压组心室舒张末期左房容积(LAEDV)增大,与对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论高血压左室肥厚时,左心房泵功能显著增加,储存器功能增强,管道功能减弱。     

高血压病心肌肥厚与非心肌肥厚病人左心房结构及功能变化的观察

目的研究原发性高血压病人左心室心肌肥厚与左心房结构功能的改变的关系,探讨左心房结构、功能变化的新指标.方法采用超声方法观察43例原发性高血压病人左心房结构、功能参数.结果高血压心肌肥厚组(LVH组)、左心房前后内径(LAD)、左心房面积(LAA)、左心房容积(LAV)、左心房内径指数(LADI)、左心房面积指数(LAAI)、左心房容积指数(LAVI)与高血压非心肌肥厚组(NLVH组)比较有统计学意义,LVH组左心房射血量(LASV)及左心房射血分数(LAEF)均较NLVH组减少,且有显著差异.结论左心房增大是高血压病的早期征象,发生于心肌肥厚之前,且随着心肌肥厚出现,病人左心房功能逐渐失代偿,从而进一步影响左心室功能.     

高血压左心室肥厚患者心电图QT离散度改变

目的　探讨原发性高血压左心室肥厚患者心电图QT离散度 (简称QTd)变化。　方法　用美国超九 ATL(XO16 3)彩色多谱勒诊断仪二维超声测量其舒张期左心室室间隔厚度和左心室后壁厚度 ,以≥ 1 2cm作为左心室肥厚诊断标准 ,对高血压左心室肥厚组 (n =36 ,男 女 =2 0 16例 ,平均年龄 6 0岁± 12岁 )、高血压左心室非肥厚组(n =5 0 ,男 女 =30 2 0例 ,平均年龄 6 2岁± 12岁 )进行测量 ,再用心电图ECG 8110P( 0 180 8A3)描记其常规 12导联心电图 ,手工测量其最大QT间期 (QTmax)、最小QT间期 (QTmin)和心动周期RR间期 ,计算QTd和心率校正的QTcd ,并随机匹配正常人群组 (n =4 0 ,男 女 =2 4 16例 ,平均年龄 5 8岁± 13岁 )。　结果　高血压左心室肥厚组QTd为6 0ms± 17ms ,QTcd为 6 8ms± 2 4ms,高血压左心室非肥厚组QTd为 4 1ms± 13ms,QTcd为 4 3ms± 17ms ,正常人群组QTd为 4 3ms± 11ms ,QTcd为 4 4ms± 16ms,前两组比较有显著性差异 ,P <0 0 1,后两组比较无显著性差异 ,P >0 0 5。　结论　原发性高血压左心室肥厚患者QT间期离散度增大。     

原发性高血压患者左心室后壁心肌肥厚与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子之间的关系

目的探讨原发性高血压患者左心室心肌肥厚与碱性成纤细胞生长因子(bFGF)之间的临床关系及意义。方法住院高血压患者共243例,行彩色超声心动图检查,其中高血压左心室后壁心肌肥厚>11.1mm108例;高血压左心室后壁厚度≤11mm 135例。采用ELISA方法测定bFGF。结果高血压左心室后壁心肌肥厚组、高血压非左心室后壁肥厚组bFGF水平分别为(342.42±11.611)μg/ml、(269.43±8.01)μg/ml,与对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.001)。结论bFGF水平高血压左心室后壁心肌肥厚组>高血压非左心室后壁肥厚组>正常对照组。bFGF在心肌重构、心肌肥厚及高血压的发生发展过程中起重要作用。对了解病情,判断预后有一定临床意义。     

原发性高血压患者血清基质金属蛋白酶9及其抑制因子水平

目的　研究原发性高血压患者血清中基质金属蛋白酶 9(MMP— 9)及其抑制剂 ,金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子 1(TIMP— 1)水平的变化和左室肥厚的关系。方法　用酶联免疫吸附法对 4 0例经治疗或未治疗的原发性高血压患者进行血清MMP— 9和TIMP— 1水平测定 ,与 2 8例健康对照组进行比较。并对高血压患者进行心脏彩色多谱勒检查 ,计算左室重量指数。结果　 1、高血压组血清MMP - 9较正常对照组明显降低(2 96 38± 15 9 2 3ng ml-1、4 99 6 2± 334 80ng ml-1,P <0 0 0 1)而TIMP - 1水平较正常对照组明显升高 (35 5 99± 114 95ng ml-1、2 0 5 4 5± 38 77ng ml-1,P <0 0 0 1) ;2、高血压心肌肥厚组与无肥厚组MMP - 9无显著性差异(332 71± 186 70ng ml-1、2 82 5 9± 14 9 10ng ml-1,P >0 0 5 ) ,但TIMP - 1水平心肌肥厚组明显升高 (491 2 7±75 0 3ng ml-1,2 98 4 7± 4 2 98ng ml-1P <0 0 0 1)。结论　原发性高血压患者存在基质金属蛋白酶 - 9及其抑制剂 - 1代谢异常 ,血清TIMP - 1水平可能成为反映高血压左室肥厚的指标。     

老年原发性高血压患者左心房/左心室容量比值的变化

目的本文旨在探讨老年原发性高血压患者左心房容量／左心室容量比值变化的临床意义。方法老年正常对照组32例。老年原发性高血压无室壁肥厚患者35例，老年原发性高血压患者伴室壁肥厚者33例。应用实时三维三平面显像方式测量左房、左室容量，对3组病人的左房容量，左房内径，左房容量指数和左心房容量／左心室容量比值进行分析。结果左房容量，左房内径，左房容量指数和左心房容量／左心室容量比值在高血压室壁肥厚组与对照组之间均存在极显著差异（P〈0．01），但左房内径在原发高血压无室壁肥厚组与对照组之间无显著差异（P〉0．05）。左房容量、左房容量指数在原发高血压无室壁肥厚组与对照组之间差异有显著性（P〈0．05），左心房容量／左心室容量比值在原发高血压无室壁肥厚组与对照组之间差异更为显著（P〈0．01）且变异性最小。结论左心房容量／左心室容量比值是一种新的参数，能够灵敏地反映老年原发性高血压患者舒张功能减低的血流动力学改变。     

高血压患者左心室肥厚与QT离散度增大

目的　进一步探讨高血压左心室肥厚及左心室质量增大与 QT离散度 (QTdispersion,QTd)改变的关系。方法　采用 12导联心电图同步描记及心脏超声检查等方法对 94例原发性高血压患者 [男性 40例 ,女性 5 4例 ,年龄 (5 9.9± 11.2 )岁 ]和 11例正常人 [男性 4例 ,女性 7例 ,年龄 (5 2 .8±16 .9)岁 ]作 QTd及左心室肥厚、左心室质量检测分析。结果　高血压左心室肥厚组 ( 组 ,n=6 2 ) QTd较非肥厚组 ( 组 ,n=32 )以及正常对照组 ( 组 ,n=11)均明显增大 (P<0 .0 1～ 0 .5 0 ) ,QTd与左心室质量呈正相关 (r=0 .47,P<0 .0 1)。结论　原发性高血压左心室肥厚、左心室质量增大可使 QTd明显增大 ,具有心室肌复极不均一、有形成折返性室性心动过速及心脏性猝死的潜在危险     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.