精神发育迟滞合并精神分裂症的临床研究

目的:探讨精神发育迟滞合并精神分裂症的临床特征.方法:收集38例精神发育迟滞合并精神分裂症患者与38例正常精神分裂症患者进行临床比较.结果:精神发育迟滞合并精神分裂症组与精神分裂症患者一级症状(FRS)中逻辑推理、妄想、情感平淡、思维贫乏等症状的差异具有显著性(P＜0.01).结论:精神发育迟滞合并精神分裂症患者的一级症状(FRS)明显减少,这有助于临床诊断与鉴别.     

湖北海南两省高校学生精神障碍住院资料对比分析

目的:分析与比较湖北海南两省高校患有精神障碍疾病的学生住院治疗及疗效情况.方法:按照整群随机抽样原则,分别抽取在两省精神科住院治疗的2486例精神障碍学生患者作为研究对象,对住院资料进行回顾性分析.结果:湖北省高校学生患精神障碍人数多于海南省,患精神障碍疾病类型主要是精神分裂症,情感性精神障碍和严重应激障碍,两省患者无统计差异性(P>0.05);男生患精神分裂症、品行、情绪障碍的比例高于女生(P<0.05),两省女生患情感性障碍、严重应激障碍、器质性精神障碍的比例高于男生(P<0.05),男女生患人格障碍和心理因素相关生理障碍等病种差别不大(P>0.05),两省无差异性(P>0.05);其治疗效果以社会、家庭和药物综合干预治疗为佳.结论两省高校学生精神障碍疾病发病率存在差异性,且均有增长趋势,建议采用综合治疗方式.     

从基因水平探究双相情感性精神障碍

最近,21岁女生因饱受抑郁症的折磨,在峨眉山选择自杀的事情引起了大家的广泛关注。一边大家惋惜如花一样的生命就此凋零,另一边抑郁症这种精神疾病也再次走向了大家的的谈论范围。抑郁症又称为单相情感性精神障碍,而还有一种更为严重是双相情感性精神障碍,也就是抑郁症和躁狂症交替发作。据报道,我国目前患有双相情感性精神障碍的人已经超过4000万。这么多人饱受这种疾病的困扰,那到底什么引起这种疾病呢?本文尝试从基因水平的角度探究双相情感性精神障碍。本文首先概述了什么是双相情感性精神障碍,以及它的症状和临床表现,接着分析了NCAN基因、CABA基因、CACNA1C基因、ANK3基因、BDNF基因和GRIN1基因对双相情感性精神障碍的影响,最后,提出了应对双相情感性精神障碍的方法,包括科学预防、及时治疗和保持乐观的心态。     

MCMC Bayes方法在双相情感性精神障碍致病基因研究中的应用

目的探讨双相情感性精神障碍的易感基因,为疾病防治提供科学依据.方法针对病例对照研究资料样本含量相对偏小的特点,采用MCMCBayes方法进行分析.结果MCMCBayes分析的结果发现,不管是病例组与对照组比较,还是早发性病人与晚发性病人比较,DRD2P和COMT基因的等位基因、基因型与双相情感性精神障碍的发生以及早发或晚发的关系均无统计学意义.但两基因的组合基因型(-141△C/-141C met/met)有统计学意义.结论-141△C/-141C与met/met的基因型组合几乎不可能早发双相情感性精神障碍.     

持续健康教育在精神病康复中的作用

1对象和方法1.1对象从2002年初至2004年底,住我院治疗康复出院的1597例精神分裂症、情感性精神病为观察研究对象。入组标准;1)患者具有情感性精神障碍、精神分裂症的症状,均符合《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准》第3版(CCMD-3)情感性精神障碍、精神分裂症的诊断标准[1];(2)疾病康复标准按南京精神科学术会议拟订的疗效平定标准,即:精神症状消失,自知力恢复或大部分恢复;(3)年龄:14~60岁;(4)排除合并其它疾病的精神障碍。1.2方法(1)从2002年初随机对部分住院治疗康复出院的病人进行持续跟踪健康教育(每周对符合入组标准的出院病人提取0~2例,…     

老年精神障碍临床特点及治疗体会

目的:分析总结老年精神障碍的特征,对其治疗用药进行探讨.方法:对我院收治的58例老年精神障碍患者的临床表现及治疗进行回顾性分析和总结.结果:老年精神障碍患者不同年龄阶段的精神障碍种数有所不同,并有突出特点,有谵语、躁动、幻听、妄想、逻辑障碍等多种临床表现.58患者在进过积极的治疗后,精神障碍症状均得到良好的控制.结论:老年精神障碍患者在临床上有比较突出的表现,且多伴发有不同类型的精神障碍,对其应加强关注,给与新型抗精神病药物进行治疗,具有较好疗效.     

情感性精神障碍98例再入院分析

通过对98例再入院的情感性精神障碍患者的临床资料进行分析，初步探讨了病情复发或加重的相关因素，认为未坚持服药、社会与家庭支持不足为主要因素。     

情感性精神障碍司法鉴定65例分析

目的：探讨情感性精神障碍的责任能力评定。方法：对我院1980－1996年鉴定的65例情感性精神障碍的鉴定资料进行分析。责任能力采用无、部分、有三分法。结果：65例中53例为犯罪案例，案情为盗窃、凶杀、强奸、纵火、伤害等；11例为被强奸案，全部在躁狂状态被害；1例为被打后出现精神症状。53例犯罪案例除9例在抑郁状态杀人处，余均在躁狂状态下作案。责任能力评定：无44例（83．0％），部分7例（13．2％），有2例（3．7％）。结论：不同类型、不同时期的情感性精神障碍的责任能力不同。     

Creutzfeldt-Jakob病误诊原因分析

目的 分析creutzfeldt-Jakob病(CJD)的误诊情况,提高对该疾病的认识.方法 对9例临床拟诊CJD或可能CJD患者的临床资料进行随访及回顾性分析.结果 9例患者均存在不同次数的误诊,误诊为病毒性脑炎3例,抑郁症2例,精神分裂症1例,情感性精神障碍1例,阿尔茨海默病2例,脑梗死3例.经对症治疗,除1例患者昏迷外,其余患者均死亡.结论 对CJD认识不足和早期症状不典型是造成CJD误诊的主要原因.     

蕈中毒所致精神障碍120例临床分析

目的探讨蕈中毒所致精神障碍的临床特点及疗效.方法对食用蕈中毒符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第三版(CCMD-Ⅲ)非成瘾物质所致精神障碍诊断标准的120例患者的临床资料进行统计分析.结果蕈中毒所致的精神障碍临床表现为精神分裂症样症状,有幻听、幻觉、幻视、妄想、兴奋、紧张、失眠、行为紊乱等症状,并同时伴有肝脏和血液系统损害.结论精神障碍的程度与食用蕈的量有密切关系,量越多,精神症状越重,所需缓解时间越长,过量食用有毒蕈可影响和损害神经系统,出现精神障碍,但经短程抗精神药物治疗,精神症状可在短时间内治愈.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.