腰椎管侧隐窝狭窄症的外科治疗（附303例临床分析）

我院从１９８５年１月～１９９４年１０月，外科治疗腰椎管侧隐窝狭窄症３０３例，其中男１９３例，女１１０例，年龄２３～３６岁，平均４４．２岁。根据不同的病理特点，分别采用开窗式、半椎板、全椎板切除等方法，摘除椎间盘髓核，切除肥厚黄韧带，关节突和椎体后缘骨赘，扩大狭窄侧隐窝，神经根得到充分减压。手术证实腰椎管侧隐窝狭窄合并腰椎间盘突出２７５例，单纯侧隐窝狭窄２８例，所有病例经１～１０年随访，平均为５年。结果优２７９例，良１１例，进步１２例，差１例，优良率９６％。     

后路椎间盘镜下侧隐窝扩大术治疗侧隐窝狭窄症

目的了解后路椎间盘镜下侧隐窝扩大术治疗侧隐窝狭窄症的手术方法和疗效。方法随访凋查2000年6月至2002年12月使用后路椎间盘镜行腰椎侧隐窝扩大术治疗侧隐窝狭窄症65例，男34例，女31例。年龄26～72岁。左侧32例．右侧33例。其中腰3-4 1例，腰4-5 33例，腰5骶1 31例；所有患者均有一侧根性疼痛，部分患者伴有持续的感觉和运动异常。于侧隐窝狭窄节段插入椎间盘镜工作通道，经椎板间隙进入椎管，沿神经根扩大侧隐窝。结果术后平均随访7．3个月(4～29个月)，优42例、良17例、可5例、差1例，优良率为90．8％，其中25例术后复查腰椎正侧位X片，无1例发生腰椎滑税。结论后路椎间盘镜下侧隐窝扩大术主要适用于伴或不伴有椎问盘突出的侧隐窝狭窄症，可最大程度地保留了脊柱后柱原有结构的稳定性。     

腰椎间盘突出合并侧隐窝狭窄的CTM诊断和治疗

腰椎间盘突出合并侧隐窝狭窄手术治疗失败的主要原因是术前对侧隐窝狭窄不能准确定位，术中只满足椎间盘的摘除，而忽略侧隐窝减压。作者对这类３２例患者，采用脊髓造影ＣＴ（ＣＴＭ）诊断，其与手术的符合率为１００％，手术采用以半椎板为主一要入中腰椎间盘摘除和侧隐窝扩大术，３２例中２９例获得１２～２９个月时间随访，优良率达９６．６％。     

坐俯卧位显微椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症及腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症

目的探讨后路显微椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症及腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症的临床效果：方法手术均取坐俯卧位,经椎板间隙只切除黄韧带不切除椎板及其它结构,应用椎间盘镜及显微外科的技术摘除突出之髓核和／或神经根减压术：临床应用649例。结果术后所有病例均获随访,随访最长时间24个月,最短6个月,平均12个月,按Nakai标准评定,其中优594例,良45例。结论侧卧位经椎板间隙入路行椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症及腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症的手术损伤小、出血少,术后不影响脊柱稳定性,临床疗效可靠。     

腰椎间盘突出症合并侧隐窝狭窄67例临床分析

目的　回顾性分析手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症合并侧隐窝狭窄 6 7例患者的临床疗效。方法　 32例经半椎板切除 ,2 3例行开窗式手术 ,12例行全椎板切除 ,摘除椎间盘 ,扩大侧隐窝 ,彻底松解神经根。结果　术后患者经过平均1.8a随访 ,优良率 91%。结论　手术治疗除摘除突出的椎间盘外 ,更重要的是应施行侧隐窝扩大减压术。     

腰椎管侧隐窝狭窄症的外科治疗

我院从１９８５年１月－１９９４年１０月，外科治疗腰椎管侧隐窝狭窄症３０３例，其中男１９３例，女１１０例，年龄２３－３６岁，平均４４．２岁?根据不同的病理特点，分别采用开窗式，半椎板，全椎板发除等方法，摘除椎间盘髓核，切除肥厚黄韧带，关节突和椎体后缘骨赘，扩大狭窄侧隐窝，神经根得到充分减压。     

后路显微椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出并侧隐窝狭窄症

目的 探讨后路显微椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出并侧隐窝狭窄症的手术方法和效果。方法随访2000年6月至2003年6月采用后路椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出并侧隐窝狭窄症76例（男47例，女29例）。病变全为L3-4、L4-5和L5-S1节段，其中单节段突出并单侧狭窄46例，单节段突出并双侧狭窄19例，双节段突出并一侧狭窄4例，双节段突出并二侧狭窄3例，双节段突出并三侧狭窄2例，双节段突出并四侧狭窄2例。于病变节段插入椎间盘镜建立工作通道，经椎板间隙“开窗”进入椎管，进行椎间盘切除和侧隐窝扩大。结论术后随访6-24个月，平均14个月，优61例，良9例，可4例，差2例，优良率为92．1％。2例疗效差病例经再次行开放手术取得良好疗效。结论后路椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出并侧隐窝狭窄症具有手术创伤小、效果好、恢复快、并发症少等优点；中央型腰椎间盘突出并钙化或后纵韧带骨化和发育性椎管狭窄以及合并腰椎滑脱者属手术禁忌症，多节段病变和合并腰椎不稳者宜慎重选择手术。     

扩大开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出并侧隐窝狭窄110例

扩大开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出并侧隐窝狭窄１１０例戴文超，郝迎春，汪保新１９８８年１月～１９９２年６月共诊治腰椎间盘突出并侧隐窝狭窄患者１１０例，其中男７９例，女３１例；平均４５．６岁。均采用病变侧椎板间开窗，相应椎间关节内１／３凿除，摘除突出之...     

腰椎侧隐窝扩大成形术

本文报道了７６例腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症。其中孤立型２９例，侧隐窝狭窄合并椎间盘突出３４例．侧隐窝狭窄伴中央型椎管狭窄症１３例。采用小切口开窗侧隐窝扩大成形术＋椎间盘切除治疗侧隐窝狭窄，随访１０个月～３６个月６９例术前症状消失；６例根性痛消失．但偶感腰痛；１例症状元明显改善．     

双“L”形椎板截骨开窗入路治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴侧隐窝狭窄

双“Ｌ”形椎板截骨开窗入路治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴侧隐窝狭窄王吉兴，金大地从１９９０年１月～１９９３年９月，作者采用双“Ｌ”形椎板截骨开窗入路治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴侧隐窝狭窄１０６例，经１～３年９个月随访，优良率为９６．２％，现报告如下。１一般资料１０６例...     

侧隐窝扩大在腰椎间盘摘除术中的重要性分析

目的 分析腰椎间盘突出合并侧隐窝狭窄的机理,侧隐窝松解对手术疗效的影响。探讨临床操作技巧,增进对侧隐窝狭窄的认识,提高手术疗效的稳定性和避免手术并发症。方法 １８０例腰椎间盘摘除手术虱,常规采用椎板间开窗术式,术中注意对侧隐窝的探查和对神经根的彻底松解,灵活掌握术式,兼顾脊柱稳定性。结果 １４７例获得随访随访时间６个月至３年,优良１３３例,好转１１例,无效３例,优良率达９０．４７％。结论 腰椎间盘     

Effect of lumbar disc herniation on clinical symptoms in lateral recess syndrome

This study investigated the differences in the clinical features of lateral recess syndrome attributable to the bony entrapment of the spinal nerve root under the superior articular facet, and lateral recess syndrome and associated lumbar disc herniation. Ninety patients with pure bony entrapment (47 men, 43 women) ranging in age from 19 to 83 years (mean age, 63 years) and 59 patients with lumbar disc herniation in the lateral recess (43 men, 16 women) 19 to 85 years of age (mean age, 49 years) were included in this study. All patients had L5 root radiculopathies and were treated surgically. Although the early symptoms of patients with lateral recess syndrome often were in the lower extremities, many of the patients with associated lumbar disc herniation had a transition initially experiencing low back pain and subsequently having lower extremity symptoms. Flexion and extension of the lumbar spine exacerbated symptoms, particularly in patients with lumbar disc herniation. The results of the current study show that the clinical presentation of lateral recess syndrome differs depending on the cause of the compression in the lateral recess.     

腘肌腱再张力化手术和重建术治疗急性膝关节后外旋转不稳定的临床疗效

目的探讨腘肌腱再张力化手术和腘肌腱重建术治疗急性膝关节后外旋转不稳定的临床疗效。方法2012年1月至2017年1月行手术治疗并有2年以上随访和麻醉下体格检查结果的急性膝关节后外旋转不稳定患者54例。男30例,女24例;年龄(34.5±7.4)岁(范围20~45岁)。Fanelli分型A型31例、B型17例、C型6例。行腘肌腱再张力化手术28例、腘肌腱重建术26例。比较手术前后腘肌腱再张力化组与腘肌腱重建组的Lysholm评分、Tegner评分、国际膝关节文献委员会(International Knee Documentation Committee,IKDC)评分、内固定取出术中麻醉下拨号试验侧侧差值、后方及内翻应力试验侧侧差值,以及在内固定取出时二次关节镜探查的外侧沟通过试验结果。结果腘肌腱重建组随访时间(30.2±4.9)个月,腘肌腱再张力化组(32.2±9.9)个月。末次随访时,腘肌腱重建组Lysholm评分为(70.1±15.5)分,再张力化组为(70.0±10.2)分,两组差异无统计学意义(t=0.089,P=0.926);腘肌腱重建组Tegner评分为3(2,5)分[M(P25,P75)],再张力化组为2(1,4)分,两组差异无统计学意义(U=395.522,P=0.156);腘肌腱重建组IKDC评分为(74.8±19.3)分,再张力化组为(71.2±17.6)分,两组差异无统计学意义(t=0.381,P=0.722)。内固定取出术中麻醉下拨号试验侧侧差值分别为腘肌腱重建组1.5°±4.2°、再张力化组1.1°±4.0°,差异无统计学意义(t=0.586,P=0.565);腘肌腱重建组后方应力侧侧差值为(4.1±3.4)mm,再张力化组为(4.7±2.6)mm,两组差异无统计学意义(t=0.918,P=0.345);腘肌腱重建组内翻应力试验侧侧差值为(4.0±1.7)mm,再张力化组为(3.8±1.9)mm,两组差异无统计学意义(t=0.208,P=0.820)。两组均无外侧沟通过试验阳性患者。结论对膝关节后外旋转不稳定患者,腘肌腱再张力化手术和腘肌腱重建术均可显著改善患者的症状和功能,两种术式早期临床疗效接近。     

侧隐窝狭窄的边界值

作者选用手术治疗的L_(4～6)椎间盘突出症60例,分神经根测量组、侧隐窝测量组、对照组进行观察。设侧隐窝矢状径4mm为狭窄边界值。对≤4mm的侧隐窝,术中同时做侧隐窝减压。手术前后观察坐骨神经痛症状和电生理改变,结果证实假想值是正确的。文中详细讨论了边界值对临界狭窄的诊断和治疗方面的意义。     

Comparison of frontal pneumatization patterns between Koreans and Caucasians.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of specific frontal recess cells in Korean and Caucasian populations; to evaluate and compare the relationship between anterior skull base length and frontal recess pneumatization in these two populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Frontal recess anatomy was studied with high resolution sinus CT scans obtained in 60 Korean adults and 41 Caucasian adults. None of the subjects had a history of frontal sinus disease or trauma. The anterior cranial base length (ACBL, distance between the nasion and center of the pituitary fossa) and anterior ethmoid length (AEL, distance between the nasion and upper attachment of basal lamella) was also measured on each side. RESULTS: Supraorbital ethmoid cells were more common in Caucasians whereas suprabullar cells and recessus terminalis were more common in Koreans. The prevalence of some frontal recess pneumatization patterns (specifically supraorbital ethmoid cell, suprabullar cell, and recessus terminalis) were more commonly associated with race rather than with ACBL or AEL. CONCLUSION: Frontal recess pneumatization patterns differ in the Korean and Caucasian adult populations. Because corresponding differences in skull base length were not identified, these differences seem likely to reflect other factors. Such information has clinical significance for frontal recess surgery in these patient populations.     

侧隐窝与腰骶神经根相对关系的临床研究

为揭示侧隐窝入口区之正常侧隐窝和狭窄侧隐窝与相应腰骶神经根的相对关系及其临床意义，作者对５０例正常者、４３例狭窄者和３２例狭窄症者腰骶椎ＣＴ扫描片编序拍摄输入计算机，由ＶＩ－ＤＡＳ图像分析系统统一按自行设计的测量法对入口区侧隐窝矢状径、上关节突间径和与侧隐窝相应的神经根距所设侧隐窝内口ａｂ线间径进行了测量。结果表明：正常情况下神经根均居侧隐窝内口ａｂ线侧隐窝一侧，但随着上关节突退变内聚程度逐渐加剧，使神经根靠近并跨越侧隐窝内口ａｂ线一侧，终致受狭窄侧隐窝的嵌夹。作者认为，侧隐窝入口区狭窄的真正临床意义在于直接危害神经根，但决定因素是上关节突增生内聚的程度，而侧隐窝矢径值量化的实用价值取决于上述变化情况。作者同时就导致侧隐窝狭窄并危害神经根的椎间盘膨出／突出、黄韧带肥厚／钙化、后方纤维环断裂／骨化等病理变化及相关问题作了分析。     

A less invasive surgical approach in the lumbar lateral recess stenosis: direct approach to the medial wall of the pedicle

The lateral recess is one of the main compression sites in lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Lumbar nerve root is mainly entrapped by bony tissue in compression syndrome. The patient has a long history of back pain in conjunction with claudication symptoms. Besides laminotomy and facetectomy techniques, several specific surgical approaches to treat the lateral recess stenosis have been described. The surgical technique of bilateral lateral recess decompression via subarticular fenestrations used in this study is a less invasive technique, which enables to decompress the neural structures while preserving as much of the bony structures and ligamentum flavum as preferred. In 16 patients, we measured lateral recess heights with computerized tomography. The number of involved lumbar segments was one in 11 patients and two in 5 patients. The visual analogue scale (VAS) results were maintained before, 3 and 12 months after the operation. All patients benefited from the operations. Mean VAS scores were 7.0, 5.5, and 4.0, respectively. There were not any surgery-related complications. Mean follow-up period is 22.6 months. The surgical technique described and used in this study provides easy access to every zone of lateral recess and is safe and effective in treating the lumbar lateral recess stenosis syndrome.     

Narrowness of the recessus lateralis in the lumbar region of the spine as cause of the nerve-root compression in narrowing of the intervertebral discs (author's transl)]

The intense radicular pain of sciatica may result from nerve root entrapment in a narrowed lateral vertebral recess without discal herniation. In such cases relief of pain is achieved by unroofing the lateral recess and excising the overhanging portion of the superior articular facet, without removing the disc. The narrowing of the lateral recess is congenital, but the compression of the root occurs first in adult life. The thinning of the disc causes backward displacement of the vertebral body above and forward displacement of the cranial articular facet of the vertebral body below the thinned disc. In a large lateral recess such subluxation does not cause any entrapment of the root. If the lateral recess is congenitally narrowed the root is tightly wedged laterally and sometimes can be decompressed only by a complete arthrotomy. The same entrapment can occur as a consequence of removing of a disc (pseudorecurrence).     

Treatment of Postcraniotomy Tension Pneumocephalus via Endoscopic Closure of the Nasofrontal Recess

Tension pneumocephalus can be a life-threatening complication following cranial surgery. We report a 14-year-old female who developed tension pneumocephalus following her most recent external approach to a recurrent pilocytic astrocytoma of the skull base and clivus. Because the risk of devascularization of the recently placed bone grafts was a concern, an endoscopic approach was chosen instead of a cramotomy. Endoseopic decompression was accomplished by opening the anterior ethmoid and frontal recess air cells after performing an uncinectomy. The nasofrontal recess areas were then packed from below with grafts of muscle and fascia lata. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at three and eight months showed complete resolution of the intracranial air. At two-year follow-up, the patient is still asymptomatic. This case report presents treatment of tension pneumocephalus through endoscopic decompression and closure of the nasofrontal recess as a viable option if significant risks are associated with craniotomy and the status of the mucosa of the nasal frontal recess is known.