Effects of gentiana scabra bage on expression of hepatic type Ⅰ,Ⅲ collagen proteins in Paragonimus skrjabini rats with liver fibrosis

Objective:To exploit- the effects of gentiana scabra bage on the expression of hepatic collagen proteins in Paragonimus skrjabini rats with liver fibrosis.Methods:Immunohistochemical technique was used to observe the changes of content of hepatic type Ⅰ,Ⅲ collagen proteins in Paragonimus skrjabini rats with Liver fibrosis before and after the gentiana scabra bage treatmeat.Results:Comparing with the model group,changes of hepatic tvpe Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen proteins in gentiana scabra bage treated group were significantly weakened.Conclusions:Gentiana scabra bage treatment can reduce the content of hepatic type Ⅲ and type Ⅰ collagen protein significantly in Paragonimus skrjabini rats with liver fibrosis,thereby,playing the role against hepatic fibrosis.     

Inhibition on the production of collagen type Ⅰ,Ⅲ of activated hepatic stellate cells by antisense TIMP-1 recombinant plasmid

AIM: To investigate the inhibition effects on the production of collagen type Ⅰ, Ⅲ secreted by activated rat hepatic stellate cells (rHSCs) by antisense tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) recombinant plasmid through elevating interstitial collagenase activity.METHODS: rHSCs were extracted from normal rat liver by pronase and collagenase digestion and purified by centrifugal elutriation, and were cultured on plastic dishes until they were activated to a myofibroblastic phenotype after 7-10 days. RT-Nest-PCR and gene recombinant techniques were used to construct the rat antisense TIMP1 recombinant plasmids which can express in eucaryotic cells. The recombinant plasmid and the pcDNA3 empty plasmid were transfected in rHSCs by Effectene (QIAGEN)separately. Cells were selected after growing in DMEM containing 400μg/ml G418 for 2-3 weeks. Expression of exogenous gene was assessed by Northern blot, and expression of TIMP-1 in rHSCs was determined by Northern blot and Western blot. We tested the interstitial collagenase activity with FITC-labled type I collagen as substrate.Ultimately, we quantified the type Ⅰ,Ⅲ collagen byWestern blot.RESULTS: The exogenous antisense TIMP-1 recombinant plasmid could be expressed in rHSCs well, which could block the expression of TIMP-1 greatly, the ratio of TIMP-1/GAPDH was 0.67, 2.41, and 2.97 separately at mRNA level (P<0.05); the ratio of TIMP-1/β-actin was 0.31, 0.98 and 1.32 separately at protein level (P<0.05), It might elevate active and latent interstitial collagenase activity,the collagenase activity was 0.3049, 0.1411 and 0.1196 respectively. (P<0.05), which led to promotion the degradation of type Ⅰ, Ⅲ collagen, the ratio of collagen I/β-actin was 0.63, 1.78 and 1.92 separately (P<0.05); and the ratio of collagen Ⅲ/β-actin was 0.59, 1.81 and 1.98separately (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: These data shows that the antisense TIMP-1 recombinant plasmid has the inhibitory effects on the production of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ collagens secreted by activated rHSCs in vitro. It could be a novel method to reverse hepatic fibrosis in the future.     

Effects of pentoxifylline on the hepatic content of TGF-β1 and collagen in Schistosomiasis japonica mice with liver fibrosis

To study the effects of pentoxif-ylline (PTX) on the content of hepatic TGF-β, type Ⅰand type Ⅲ collagen in schistosomiasis japonica mice with liver fibrosis and its mechanism of anti-fibrosis.     

Effects of pentoxifylline on the hepatic content of TGF-β1 and collagen in Schistosomiasis japonica mice with liver fibrosis

AIM: To study the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on thecontent of hepatic TGF-β1, type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen inschistosomiasis japonica mice with liver fibrosis and itsmechanism of anti-fibrosis.METHODS: Forty mice with schistosomiasis were dividedinto four groups: one group as control without anytreatment, other three were treated with Praziquantel 500mg/(kg.d)for 2 d, high dose PTX 360 mg/(kg.d) for 8 wk,and low dose PTX 180 mg/(kg.d) for 8 wk respectively.Immunohistochemical technique and multimedia colorpathographic analysis system were applied to observe thecontent change of hepatic TGF-β1, type Ⅰ and type Ⅲcollagen in schistosomiasis japonica mice with liver fibrosisbefore and after PTX treatment.RESULTS: Effects of PTX on the content change of hepaticTGF-β1, type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen in schistosomiasis japonicamice with liver fibrosis were related to the dosage of PTX,high dose PTX treated group could significantly reduce thecontent of TGF-β1 (0.709±0.111), type Ⅰ (0.644±0.108) andtype Ⅲ (0.654±0.152) collagen compared with those ofcontrol group (0.883±0.140, 0.771±0.156, 0.822±0.129)with statistical significance (P＜0.05). Low dose PTX couldalso reduce the hepatic content of TGF-β1 (0.752±0.152),type Ⅰ (0.733±0.117) and type Ⅲ (0.788±0.147) collagen,but without statistical significance (P＞0.05). Both high doseand low dose PTX groups have significant differences onthe content of TGF-β1, type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen (P＜0.05,P＜0.05, P＜ 0.01,respectively).CONCLUSION: High dose of PTX treatment could reducethe content of hepatic TGF-β1, type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagensignificantly in schistosomiasis japonica mice with liverfibrosis, and thus plays its role of antifibrosis.     

Therapeutic effect of interleukin-10 on CCI_4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats

AIM: To study the therapeutic effect of exogenous inter-leukin-10 on CCI4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: Fourty-seven SD rats were randomly divided into control group (group N) and CCI4-induced hepatic fibrosis model group (group C). After CCI4 was given for 9 wk, the model group was divided into three groups. Rats in group M were put to death immediately, rats in group T were treated with IL-10 for another three wk and then put to death, rats in group R recovered after three weeks and were then killed. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was measured by HE staining and histological activity index (HAI). Histological activity index (HAI), change of collagen typesⅠandⅢwere measured by Picrosirius staining. The expression of TNF-α, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in liver tissue was measured by S-P immunohis-tochemistry. RESULTS: CCI4- induced experimental rat hepatic fibrosis model was established successfully. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was markedly lower in group T than in groups M and R, and there was no difference between the two groups. The expression of collagen typesⅠandⅢwas significantly suppressed in group T and was slightly suppressed in groups M and R. The positive levels of TNF-α, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in group M increased significantly compared to those in group N (P<0.01). The positive signals decreased significantly in groups T and R (P<0.01), but positive score was significantly lower in group T than in group R (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION: Exogenous IL-10 can reverse CCI4-in-duced hepatic fibrosis in rats. IL-10 may exert its reversible effects on hepatic fibrosis by blocking CCI4-induced inflammation, inhibiting expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 and promoting resolution of collagen typesⅠandⅢ.     

Morphological and serum hyaluronic acid, laminin and type Ⅳ collagen changes in dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis of rats

AIM: To study the morphological and serum hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), and type Ⅳ collagen changes in hepatic fibrosis of rats induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). METHODS: The rat model of liver fibrosis was induced by DMN. Serum HA, type Ⅳ collagen, and LN were measured by ELISA. The liver/weight index and morphological changes were examined under electron microscope on d 7, 14, 21, and 28 by immunohistochemical alpha smooth muscle actin α-SMA staining as well as Sirius-red and HE staining. RESULTS: The levels of serum HA, type Ⅳ collagen and LN significantly increased from d 7 to d 28 (P = 0.043). The liver/weight index increased on d 7 and decreased on d 28. In the model group, the rat liver stained with HE and Sirius-red showed evident hemorrhage and necrosis in the central vein of hepatic 10 lobules on d 7. Thin fibrotic septa were formed joining central areas of the liver on d 14. The number of α-SMA positive cells was markedly increased in the model group. Transitional hepatic stellate cells were observed under electron microscope. All rats in the model group showed micronodular fibrosis in the hepatic parenchyma and a network of α-SMA positive cells. Typical myofibroblasts were embedded in the core of a fibrous septum. Compared to the control group, the area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis and pathologic grading were significantly different in the model group (P<0.05) on different d (7, 14, and 28). The area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis in hepatic tissue had a positive correlation with the levels of serum HA, LN, and type Ⅳ collagen. CONCLUSION: The morphological and serum HA, type Ⅳ collagen, and LN are changed in DMN-induced liver fibrosis in rats.     

Treatment of pig serum-induced rat liver fibrosis with Boschniakia rossica, oxymatrine and interferon-α

AIM: To investigate the effect of Boschniakia rossica (BR), oxymatrine (OM) and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) 1b on the therapy of rat liver fibrosis and its mechanism. METHODS: By establishing a rat model of pig serum-induced liver fibrosis, liver/weight index and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) were observed to investigate the therapeutic effect of BR,OM and IFN-α. Radioimmunoassay was utilized to measure procollagen type Ⅲ (PCⅢ) and collagen type Ⅳ (CIV). RT-PCR was used to assay the expression of liver transforming growth factor- beta 1 (TGF-β1) mRNA. Immunohistochemistry of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and pathologic changes of liver tissues were also under investigation. RESULTS: Serum PCⅢ and CIV in BR, OM and IFN-α groups were significantly declined compared with those in model group, and their RT-PCR revealed that TGF-β1 mRNA expression was also reduced more than that in model group. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that α-SMA also declined more than that in model group. Serum ALT in IFN-α, control and model groups was within normal level. Serum ALT in BR group had no significant difference from those of IFN-α, control and model groups. Serum ALT in OM group was significantly higher than those in BR, IFN-α, model, and control groups. CONCLUSION: BR, OM and IFN-α can prevent pig serum-induced liver rat fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells and synthesizing collagen. OM has hepatotoxicity to rat liver fibrosis induced by pig serum.     

Treatment of pig serum-induced rat liver fibrosis with Boschniakia rossica, oxymatrine and interferon-α

AIM: To investigate the effect of Boschniakia rossica (BR), oxymatrine (OM) and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) lb on the therapy of rat liver fibrosis and its mechanism. METHODS: By establishing a rat model of pig serum-induced liver fibrosis, liver/weight index and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) were observed to investigate the therapeutic effect of BR, OM and IFN-α Radioimmunoassay was utilized to measure procollagen type Ⅲ (PCⅢ) and collagen type Ⅳ (CⅣ). RT-PCR was used to assay the expression of liver transforming growth factor- beta 1 (TGF-β1) mRNA. Immunohistochemistry of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and pathologic changes of liver tissues were also under investigation. RESULTS: Serum PCⅢ and CⅣ in BR, OM and IFN-α groups were significantly declined compared with those in model group, and their RT-PCR revealed that TGF-β1 mRNA expression was also reduced more than that in model group. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that α-SMA also declined more than that in model group. Serum ALT in IFN-α, control and model groups was within normal level. Serum ALT in BR group had no significant difference from those of IFN-α, control and model groups. Serum ALT in ON group was significantly higher than those in BR, IFN-α,model, and control groups. CONCLUSION: BR, OM and IFN-α can prevent pig serum-induced liver rat fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells and synthesizing collagen. OM has hepatotoxicity to rat liver fibrosis induced by pig serum.     

Effects of c-myb antisense RNA on TGF-β1 and α1-Ⅰ collagen expression in cultured hepatic stellate cells

AIM: To investigate the effects of c-myb antisense RNA on cell proliferation and the expression of c-myb, TGF-β1 and α1-Ⅰ collagen in cultured hepatic stellate cells (HSC) from rats.METHODS: Recombinant retroviral vector of c-myb antisense gene (pDOR-myb) was constructed, and then transfected into retroviral package cell line PA317 by means of DOTAP.The pseudoviruses produced from the resistant PA317 cells were selected with G418 to infect HSCs isolated from rat livers. The cell proliferation was measured by 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazolzyl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazo-dium bromide (MTT) method.The expression of c-myb, α1-Ⅰ collagen and TGF-β1 rnRNA, and c-myb protein in HSCs was detected with semi-quantitive reverse transeription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blot respectively.RESULTS: HSCs from rats were isolated successfully with the viability &gt;98%. In the pDOR-myb infected HSCs, the cmyb protein expression, cell proliferation,and α1-Ⅰ collagen and TGF-β1 mRNA expression were repressed significantly compared with their corresponding control groups (P&lt;0.01).CONCLUSION: c-myb plays a key role in activation and proliferation of HSC. c-myb antisense RNA can inhibit cell proliferation, α1-Ⅰ collagen and TGF-β1 mRNA expression,suggesting that inhibition of c-myb gene expression might be a potential way for the treatment of liver fibrosis.     

反义转化生长因子βⅡ型受体表达质粒对实验性肝纤维化的影响

目的 观察反义转化生长因子βⅡ型受作(TGF βRⅡ)表达质粒对实验性肝纤维化的影响。方法 运用重组DNA技术中构建反义TGF βRⅡ真核细胞表达质粒,采用猪血清腹腔注射制备免疫性大鼠肝纤维化模型,实验动物分为肝纤维化模型组、反义TGF βRⅡ治疗组、pCDNA3对照组及正常对照组。反义TGF βRⅡ质粒和pCDNA3空质粒与糖化多聚赖氨酸偶联后经尾静脉分别导入大鼠体内,通过northern blot、RT-PCR、Western blot检测外源导入质粒在肝组织中的表达,检测血清转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)、肝组织羟脯氨酸测定,Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原免疫组织化学与Van Gieson染色观察反义TGF βRⅡ质粒对大鼠肝纤维化的影响。 结果 反义TGF βRⅡ表达质粒可在肝组织中获得确切表达,其表达可使反义治疗组血清TGF β1含量下降,反义TGF βRⅡ治疗组为(23.16 ± 3.13)ng/ml,模型组为(32.96±3.79)ng/ml,F=36.73,P<0.01。肝组织羟脯氦酸含量下降,治疗组为(0.17±0.01)mg/g,模型组为(0.30±0.03)mg/g,F=15.48,P<0.01。减少了肝组织Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的沉积,治疗组Ⅰ型胶原为650.26±51.51,Ⅲ型胶原为661.5 8±55.28,模型组Ⅰ型胶原为1209.44±16.60,Ⅲ型胶原为1175.14±121.44,F值分圳为69.87、70.46,P<0.01。并促进反义治疗组肝脏病理形态一定程度的改善。     

Blockage of transforming growth factor β receptors prevents progression of pig serum-induced rat liver fibrosis

AIM: To test the hypothesis that introduction of antisense TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ eukaryotic expressing plasmids into a rat model of immunologically induced liver fibrosis might block the action of TGF-β1 and halt the progression of liver fibrosis.METHODS: RT-Nest-PCR and gene recombination techniques were used to construct rat antisense TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ recombinant plasmids which could be expressed in eukaryotic cells. The recombinant plasmids and empty vector (pcDNA3) were encapsulated by glycosyl-poly-Llysine and then transducted into rats of pig serum-induced liver fibrosis model. Expression of exogenously transfected gene was assessed by Northern blot, and hepatic expressions of TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ were evaluated by RTPCR and Western blot. We also performed ELISA for serum TGF-β1, hydroxyproline of hepatic tissues, immunohistochemistry for collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and VG staining for pathological study of the liver tissues.RESULTS: The exogenous antisense TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ plasmids could be well expressed in vivo, and block mRNA and protein expression of TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ in the fibrotic liver at the level of mRNA respectively. These exogenous plasmid expressions reduced the level of TGF-β1(antisense TβR Ⅰ group 23.998±3.045 ng/mL, antisense TβR Ⅱ group 23.156±3.131 ng/mL, disease control group 32.960±3.789 ng/mL; F=38.19, 36.73, P＜0.01). Compared with disease control group, the contents of hepatic hydroxyproline (antisense TβR Ⅰ group 0.169±0.015 mg/g liver, antisense TβR Ⅱ group 0.167±0.009 mg/g liver,disease control group 0.296±0.026 mg/g liver; F=14.39,15.48, P＜0.01) and the deposition of collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ decreased in the two antisense treatment groups (antisense TβR Ⅰ group, collagen type Ⅰ 669.90±50.67,collagen type Ⅲ 657.29±49.48; antisense TβR Ⅱ group,collagen type Ⅰ 650.26±51.51, collagen type Ⅲ 661.58±55.28;disease control group, collagen type Ⅰ 1209.44±116.60,collagen type Ⅲ 1175.14±121.44; F=15.48 to 74.89, P＜0.01).Their expression also improved the pathologic classification of liver fibrosis models (compared with disease control group, x2=17.14, 17.24, P＜0.01). No difference was found in the level of TGF-β1, the contents of hepatic hydroxyproline and collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ and pathologic grade between pcDNA3 control group and disease control group or between the two antisense treatment groups (F =0.11 to 1.06, x2=0.13 to 0.16, P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: Antisense TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ recombinant plasmids have certain reverse effects on liver fibrosis and can be used as possible candidates for gene therapy.     

反义真核细胞转化生长因子βⅠ型受体与反义基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1联合作用对大鼠肝纤维化的影响

目的观察反义转化生长因子βⅠ型受体（TβRI真核表达质粒与反义基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1（TIMP-1）真核表达质粒联合作用对实验性大鼠肝纤维化的影响。方法构建大鼠反义真核细胞表达质粒，导入大鼠肝纤维化模型体内，通过I型胶原的免疫组织化学以及苦味酸-酸性品红染色观察两种反义质粒联合作用对大鼠肝纤维化的影响，用目标积分吸光度（A）值表示各实验组动物肝组织中蛋白的表达量。结果反义TβRI疗组、反义TβRI反义TIMP-1治疗组、反义TIMP-1治疗组、pcDNA3．1（＋）空质粒对照组、模型对照组、正常对照组TβRI白的A值分别为：（2．11±0．88）×10^5、（1．06±0．57）×10^5、（3．46±1．14）×10^5、（5．66±2．54）×10^5、（5．19±1．22）×10^5和（0．38±0．27）×10^5；TIMP-1蛋白的A值分别为：（1．10±0．22）×10^5、（0．30±0．12）×10^5、（0．65±0．15）×10^5、（2．05±0．36）×10^5、（1．97±0．28）×10^5和（0．10±0．12）×10^5；I型胶原的蛋白表达的A值分别为：（4．37±1．30）×10，、（0．90±0．32）×10^5、（3．40±0．91）×10^5、（6．90±1．61）×10^5、（7．34±1．68）×10^5和（0．41±0．21）×10s。反义TIMP-1治疗组TIMP-1蛋白表达量显著降低（P〈0．05），反义TβRI疗组TβRI白表达量显著降低（P〈0．05），两种反义质粒可有效抑制相应蛋白的表达；反义TIMP-1表达质粒与反义TβRI达质粒均可减少受损肝脏中I型胶原的沉积（P〈0．05），联合应用可进一步减少受损肝脏中I型胶原的沉积（P〈0．01）。在病理形态学方面的观察，反义TIMP-1表达质粒与反义TβRI达质粒均可使受损肝脏的病理形态有一定改善，联合应用可使受损肝脏的病理形态得到进一步的改善。结论反义TIMP-1表达质粒与反义TβRI达质粒对肝纤维化的发展均有一定的干预作用，联合作用可产生更有效的阻止作用。     

己酮可可碱对日本血吸虫病肝纤维化小鼠肝脏TGF- β1和Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原表达的影响

目的　研究己酮可可碱 (pentoxifylline,PTX)对日本血吸虫病肝纤维化小鼠肝脏转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)和 、 型胶原含量的影响。　方法　 4 0只血吸虫病肝纤维化小鼠均分 4组 ,对照组不作任何治疗。吡喹酮组 5 0 0mg/ (kg· d)治疗 2 d,高剂量 PTX组 36 0 mg/ (kg· d)治疗 8wk,低剂量 PTX组 180 mg/ (kg· d)治疗 8wk。应用免疫组化染色方法和多媒体彩色病理图文分析系统 ,观察不同剂量 PTX治疗前后肝脏 TGF-β1和 、 型胶原含量的变化。　结果　 PTX对 TGF- β1和 、 型胶原含量的影响与治疗剂量有关 ,高剂量 PTX组 TGF- β1和 、 型胶原含量明显低于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,而低剂量 PTX组与对照组之间差异无统计学意义 (P>0 .0 5 )。　结论　高剂量 PTX治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化小鼠可显著降低其肝脏 TGF-β1和 、 型胶原的含量。     

Effects of extract from Ginkgo biloba on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats

AIM: To study the effects of extract from Ginkgo biloba (EGb) containing 22% flavonoid and 5% terpenoid on chronic liver injury and liver fibrosis of rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). METHODS: All rats were randomly divided into control group, CCl4-treated group, colchicine-treated group and EGb-protected group. Chronic liver injury was induced in experimental groups by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 and fed with chows premixed with 79.5% corn powder, 20% lard and 0.5% cholesterol (v/v). EGb-protected group was treated with EGb (0.5 g/kg body weight per day) for 7 wk. At the end of wk 8, all the rats were killed. Liver function, liver fibrosis, oxidative stress and expression of transforming growth factorβ1 (TGF-β1), a-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and typeⅠcollagens in liver were determined. In addition, pathology changes of liver tissue were observed under light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and albumin (Alb) in EGb-protected group were notably improved as compared with the CCL4-treated group (P < 0.01). The contents of serum hyaluronic acid (HA), typeⅢprocollagen (PCⅢ), typeⅣcollagen (CIV) and the expression of hepatic tissue TGF-β1,α-SMA and typeⅠcollagen in EGb-protected group were significantly lower than those in CCL4-treated groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The degrees of liver fibrosis in EGb-protected groups were lower than those in CCL4-treated groups (6.58±1.25 vs 9.52±2.06, P < 0.05). Compared to the CCL4-treated group, the levels of plasma glutathoine peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were strikingly improved also in EGb-protected group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: EGb resists oxidative stress and thereby reduces chronic liver injury and liver fibrosis in rats with liver injury induced by CCl4     

血吸虫病肝纤维化患者转化生长因子β_1mRNA的水平及其临床意义

目的：研究血吸虫病患者 Ｔ Ｇ Ｆ β１ ｍ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 水平及其临床意义。方法：用 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 加 ｄｏｔｂｌｏｔ法测定血吸虫病患者 Ｐ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ中 Ｔ Ｇ Ｆ β１ ｍ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 水平,与肝硬变和肝癌患者作比较,并研究了部分肝脏组织（肝癌患者１６ 例,肝血管瘤患者正常肝组织 ５ 例）中 Ｔ Ｇ Ｆ β１ ｍ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 水平与 Ｐ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ中水平的关系。同时,测定血清中 Ｈ Ａ、 Ｌ Ｎ、 Ｃｏｌ ⅠⅤ和 Ｐ ＣⅢ水平,作为衡量肝纤维化活动与否的指标。结果： Ｐ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ内 Ｔ Ｇ Ｆ β１ ｍ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 水平在晚期血吸虫病患者组（ｎ＝ ２１,１２６±０１４）,肝硬变患者组（ｎ＝ １５,２０５±０８１）和肝癌患者组（ｎ＝ ２５,１８３±１２９）均显著高于正常对照组（ｎ＝ １６,０６２±０４０）（ Ｐ＜ ００５）。其中晚期血吸虫病患者组又显著低于肝硬变患者组或肝癌患者组（ Ｐ＜ ００５）,后两组差异无显著性（ Ｐ＞ ００５）。肝组织与 Ｐ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ内 Ｔ Ｇ Ｆ β１ ｍ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 水平差别无统计学意义（ Ｐ＞ ００５）。血清 Ｈ Ａ、 Ｃｏｌ Ⅳ和 Ｌ Ｎ 异常组的 Ｔ Ｇ Ｆ β１ ｍ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 水平显著高于正常组（ Ｐ＜ ００５）。结论： Ｐ     

Rosiglitazone prevents murine hepatic fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum

AIM： To evaluate the effect of rosiglitazone in a murine model of liver fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum infection. METHODS： A total of 50 mice were randomly and averagely divided into groups A, B, C, D and E. The mice in group A served as normal controls, while those in the other four groups were infected with Schistosoma japonicum to induce the model of liver fibrosis. Besides, the mice in groups C, D and E were treated with praziquantel, rosiglitazone and praziquantel plus rosiglitazone, respectively. NF-κB binding activity and expression of PPARγ-mRNA were determined by Western blot assay and real-time quantitative PCR. Radioimmunonassay technique was used to detect the serum content changes of TNF-α and IL-6. Histological specimens were stained with HE. Expression of TGF-β1, a-smooth muscle actin and type Ⅰand type Ⅲ collagen was detected by immunohistochemistry and multimedia color pathographic analysis system.
RESULTS： Inflammation and fibrosis in the rosiglitazone plus praziquantel treatment group （group E） were lightest among the mice infected with Schistosoma （P 〈 0.05）. To further explore the mechanism of rosiglitazone action, we found that rosiglitazone can significantly increase the expression of PPARγ [E： -18.212 ± （-3.909） vs B： -27.315 ± （-6.348） and C： -25.647 ± （-5.694）, P 〈 0.05],reduce the NF-κB binding activity （E： 88.89 ± 19.34 vs B： 141.11 ± 15.37, C： 112.89 ± 20.17 and D： 108.89 ± 20.47, P 〈 0.05）, and lower the serum level of TNF-α （E： 1.613 ± 0.420 ng/mL vs B： 2.892 ± 0.587 ng/mL, C： 2.346 ± 0.371 ng/mL and D： 2.160 ± 0.395 ng/mL, P 〈 0.05） and IL-6 （E： 0.106 ± 0.021 ng/mL vs B： 0.140 ± 0.031 ng/mL and C： 0.137 ± 0.027 ng/mL, P 〈 0.05） in mice with liver fibrosis. Rosiglitazone can also substantially reduce the hepatic expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA type Ⅰand type Ⅲ collagen in mice with liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION： The activation of PPARγ by its ligand can retard liver fi     

氯沙坦对肺成纤维细胞转分化和胶原合成的抑制作用

目的观察血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）对人胚肺成纤维细胞（HLF）的转分化作用和对其结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）表达、胶原合成的影响，并检测AngⅡ受体拮抗剂氯沙坦对AngⅡ作用的干预。方法常规培养HLF细胞并随机分为对照组、AngⅡ组、AngⅡ＋氯沙坦组和氯沙坦组，用免疫荧光法和Western免疫印迹法检测各组HLF转分化肌成纤维细胞中标志蛋白α-平滑肌动蛋白（α-5MA）的表达，逆转录-多聚酶链反应和免疫组织化学法检测各组CTGFmRNA及蛋白表达的改变；分别用AngⅡ、AngⅡ＋氯沙坦孵育CTGF反义、正义、错义寡核苷酸转染HLF细胞，观察各组细胞I型胶原蛋白mRNA和α—SMA的mRNA和蛋白水平变化，比色法测定各组细胞培养液中羟脯氨酸含量。结果AngⅡ组CTGFmRNA的吸光度值（0．82±0．07）较对照组（0．29±0．05）、AngⅡ＋氯沙坦组（0.51±0.04）、氯沙坦组（0.26±0．04）明显增高；AngⅡ组CTGF蛋白的吸光度值（0.24±0．05）明显高于其他组；AngⅡ组胶原蛋白mRNA的吸光度值为1．03±0．12，羟脯氨酸含量为（0．62±0．01）ng／ml，明显高于其他3组；AngⅡ孵育CTGF反义寡核苷酸转染细胞组α-SMA的吸光度值（1．14±0．15）和胶原蛋白mRNA的吸光度值（0．30±0．04）明显低于正义组（4．25±0．21和0．55±0．08）和错义组（4．34±0．31和0．58±0．06）；AngⅡ＋氯沙坦孵育CTGF反义寡核苷酸转染细胞组α-SMA和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白mRNA的吸光度值（0.85±0．09和0．20±0．02）明显低于AngⅡ单独孵育时（4．39±0．29和1．03±0．12）。结论AngⅡ可通过上调HLF细胞CTGF表达水平诱导其转分化为肌成纤维细胞并促进胶原合成，阻断CTGF表达可使AngⅡ对HLF细胞的转分化及胶原诱导合成作用减低，氯沙坦可抑制AngⅡ对HLF细胞的诱导作用。     

Progression of fibrosis in hepatitis C with and without schistosomiasis: correlation with serum markers of fibrosis

Serial liver biopsies are the gold standard by which the progression of fibrosis is evaluated. This longitudinal cohort study assessed the different rates in the progression of fibrosis using serial liver biopsies and serum fibrosis markers YKL-40 and PIIINP and the cytokines, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNuF-alpha). A 10-year cohort study was performed in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) alone or HCV and schistosomiasis. Patients were enrolled at the time of acute HCV infection and prospectively evaluated with two liver biopsies (at entry and end of follow-up), and true rates in the progression of fibrosis were calculated per year. Serum YKL-40, N-terminal propeptide of collagen III (PIIINP), TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha were measured, as well as the expression of TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and YKL-40 mRNA in liver tissue. A significant increase in the progression rates of fibrosis occurred in the coinfected group (0.61 +/- 0.13) compared with the HCV monoinfection group (0.1 +/- 0.06; P < .001)). The progression of fibrosis rate/year had a direct linear correlation for YKL-40 (r = 0.892, P < .001) and for PIIINP (r = 0.577, P < .01). YKL-40 showed a linear correlation with TGF-beta (r = 0.897, P < .001). Hepatic mRNA levels of YKL-40 and TGF-beta correlated with the serum levels, confirming a hepatic source for the elevated serum levels. In conclusion, serial cytokine and fibrosis markers can accurately determine the rate at which fibrosis is progressing, identifying both those with rapid fibrosis and those with stable disease.