放疗联合中药艾迪注射液治疗老年中晚期食管癌

目的:探讨艾迪注射液对放疗治疗老年中晚期食管癌的增效减毒作用.方法:将老年中晚期食管癌患者分为联合组和对照组,均采用8MV-X线常规外照射,联合组同时采用艾迪注射液静点.结果:总有效率联合组75%,对照组62.5%,P＞0.05,差异无显著性.生活质量评分提高联合组62.5%,对照组33.3%,P＜0.05,差异有显著性.白细胞保持正常联合组83.3%,对照组50%,P＜0.01,差异有显著性.结论:艾迪注射液静点可增加放疗的疗效,放疗后生活质量提高优于对照组,对血白细胞有明显的升高作用.     

食管动脉灌注化疗联合放疗或手术切除治疗中晚期食管癌

目的评价经导管食管供血动脉灌注化疗(TAI)加放射治疗和TAI加手术切除治疗中晚期食管癌的效果和临床应用价值。方法经病理证实的食管鳞癌174例,包括单纯TAI治疗72例(对照组),行相应食管段肿瘤供血靶动脉选择性插管造影并灌注化疗药物;TAI治疗后加用放射治疗70例(TAI加放疗组)、TAI治疗后进行根治性手术切除32例(TAI加手术组),均先接受1~3次不等TAI治疗,再给予放射治疗(放疗剂量50~60Gy/5~6周)或手术切除治疗。结果对照组治疗后有效率(完全缓解 部分缓解)为83.3%(60/72),1、2、3、5年生存率分别87.5%、40.3%、20.8%、15.3%。TAI加放疗组治疗后有效率为95.7%(67/70),1、2、3、5年生存率分别为90.0%、72.9%、45.7%、37.1%。TAI加手术组1、2、3、5年生存率分别为96.9%、78.1%、50.0%、43.8%。近期有效率TAI加放疗组亦明显高于对照组(χ2=9.12,P<0.01)。患者2、3、5年中长期生存率TAI加放疗组和TAI加手术组明显优于对照组(χ2值分别为14.02、8.83、7.71和11.24、7.67、8.34,P值均<0.01),而TAI加放疗组与TAI加手术组间生存率后者高于前者,但无统计学差异(χ2值分别为0.64、0.10、0.04、0.17,P值均>0.05)。结果提示TAI结合放疗和手术切除疗效较好,明显提高了患者的中长期生存率。结论中晚期食管癌TAI结合放疗或结合手术切除联合治疗,较单一采用TAI治疗可明显提高患者疗效,是食管癌综合治疗可供选择的一种较佳联合模式和治疗途径。     

I125放射性粒子植入联合低剂量调强适形放疗及内分泌治疗在中晚期前列腺癌中的临床疗效评价

目的 探讨I125放射性粒子植入(BT)联合低剂量调强适形放疗(IMRT)及间歇内分泌治疗(IHT)在中晚期前列腺癌中的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析选择2009年9月～2014年3月采用BT联合IMRT及IHT治疗中晚期前列腺癌患者16例作为联合治疗组;选择同期单纯采用间歇内分泌治疗患者25例作为对照组.比较两种治疗方法对于治疗中晚期前列腺癌临床疗效的差异.结果 16例随访21 ～ 62个月,中位随访时间46个月.与对照组相比,联合组PSA、IPSS评分、尿流率及前列腺体积明显下降(P＜0.05),联合治疗5年累计生存率为48.3％,高于对照组的43.2％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 BT植入联合低剂量IMRT及IHT治疗中晚期前列腺癌,可有效提高患者生存率,是中晚期前列腺癌治疗可选择的有效手段之一.     

圣和散联合化疗对胃癌术后复发,转移率的影响

为了观察中药圣和散对胃癌手术后复发、转移率的影响，１３６例胃癌根治术后患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组７５例采用圣和散联合化疗治疗，对照组６１例采用单纯化疗。随访２～４年。结果：治疗组复发率１２．０％，转移率１７．３％，对照组复发率２３．０％，转移率３６．１％，两组比较有显著差异（Ｐ＜０·０５）１、２、３年生存率治疗组依次为９３．３％、８５．３％和８１．３％，明显优于对照组的７３．８％、６３．６％和５５．７％（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００５）。同时发现，治疗组中气阴两虚型的复发、转移率明显高于其它证型。作者认为，圣和散联合化疗能明显降低胃癌术后复发与转移，提高远期疗效，是胃癌术后综合治疗值得探索的途径。     

手术切除联合术中125I粒子组织间植入治疗食管癌的疗效分析

目的 探讨手术切除联合术中125I粒子组织间植入治疗食管癌的疗效和副作用. 方法 回顾性分析2004年10月至2009年9月61例中、晚期食管癌患者(盐城市第五人民医院32例,南京医科大学附属南京第一医院29例)采用手术切除联合术中125I粒子组织间植入或联合放疗治疗的临床资料.根据治疗方法不同,将61例患者分为两组,125I粒子植入组:31例[男21例,女10例;年龄(59.5±1.5)岁],采用手术切除+术中125I粒子组织间植入治疗;对照组:30例[男19例,女11例;年龄(60.1±1.6)岁],术后3～4周采用体外放射治疗.观察两组患者术前、术后白细胞(WBC)、血小板(PLT)、免疫球蛋白的变化,比较生存率、复发率和转移率. 结果 术后1个月、3个月和5个月,两组患者外周血WBC、PLT和免疫球蛋白均在正常范围内;两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者均获随访,随访时间1～5年.术后6个月125I粒子植入组患者行胸部X线片检查示:均未发现粒子移位.125I粒子植入组患者1年、3年和5年生存率均明显高于对照组(3年58.3％ vs.42.8％,P＜0.05;5年36.8％ vs.26.6％,P＜ 0.05),复发率(3年0％vs.6.7％,P＜ 0.05;5年3.2％ vs.13.3％,P＜ 0.05)和转移率(3年12.9％vs.20.0％,P＜0.05;5年16.1％ vs.33.3％,P＜ 0.05)明显低于对照组. 结论 手术切除结合125Ⅰ粒子组织间植入治疗食管癌,方法简单、使用安全、副作用小,可提高食管癌患者的生存率.     

合并肝硬化中晚期肝癌TACE治疗后血清AFP检测的意义

目的 探讨合并肝硬化的中晚期肝癌患者血清AFP水平对经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗预后的意义.方法 收集250例TACE术后的中晚期肝癌合并肝硬化患者的血清,采用放射免疫法测定患者血清AFP的水平.将测定的结果分成AFP升高组（＞20 μg/L,n＝165）例和正常组（＜20 μg/L,n＝85）,并对肝癌患者进行随访（1周～65个月,中位时间21.5个月）.用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析患者生存率,评估AFP水平及相关因素对中晚期肝癌患者预后的意义.结果 AFP升高组的1、2、5年生存率为57%、48%、5.1%,AFP正常组为37%、46%、12%.AFP升高组的1年生存率明显高于AFP正常组（P＜0.05）,AFP升高组5年生存率明显低于AFP正常组（P＜0.05）.结论 对于中晚期肝癌的患者,血清AFP水平高者较血清AFP水平低者短期预后好,但远期预后差.     

肝动脉插管化疗栓塞联合门静脉化疗对肝细胞癌病人术后生存期的影响

目的 探讨肝动脉插管化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)联合门静脉化疗(portal vein chemotherapy,PVC)对肝癌术后病人生存期的影响.方法 总结天津医科大学附属第三中心医院肝胆外科2000年1月至2007年7月符合研究条件的原发性肝细胞癌切除术病人168例.其中,术后联合TACE和PVC组48例,单纯TACE组26例,单纯PVC组50例,未做特殊处理(对照)组44例.全部病人随访17～96个月.将各组1、3、5年生存率进行对比研究.结果 TACE联合PVC治疗组术后1、3、5年的累积生存率与TACE组无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05),与PVC组和对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.05);TACE组术后1、3年的累积生存率与PVC组、对照组比较差异有统计学显著性(P＜0.05),但5年累积生存率无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05);PVC组与对照组之间术后1、3、5年累积生存率无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 在肝癌切除后,联合TACE和PVC治疗对术后生存期的影响与单纯TACE治疗无明显差别,但明显高于单纯PVC组和对照组.     

手术联合术前放化疗治疗食管鳞癌

目的 观察术前放化疗对中晚期食管鳞癌(ESCC)患者病理分期和预后的影响.方法 1997年至2007年,477例晚期食管鳞癌随机分为4组:术前化疗组、术前放疗组、术前放化疗组及单纯手术组(对照组),对比各组切除率、病理分期、相关并发症及生存率.结果 术前放疗组及术前放化疗组与对照组对比,根治性切除率提高(P＜0.05),且术后病理分期显著降期(50.8%、54.2%比0%,P＜0.05),而术前化疗组与对照组对比,切除率及病理分期均无显著改善.各组新辅助疗法相关并发症与对照组对比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).3年生存率术前放疗组、术前放化疗组及对照组分别为69.5%、72.9%、53.4%,对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术前放疗组、术前放化疗组与对照组5年生存率对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),放化疗组高于放疗组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 合理应用术前放化疗可有效提高中晚期食管鳞癌患者的根治性切除率及生存率.     

MEK抑制剂PD98059提高小鼠扩大肝切除术后的存活率

目的 观察MEK抑制剂PD98059对小鼠扩大肝切除术后存活率的影响.方法 采用90%及70%肝切除模型,均随机分为两组,PD98059组肝切除术后经门静脉一次性注射PD98059(1mg/kg),分别观察两组90%肝切除术后7d生存率和评估70%肝切除术后48h肝再生及肝脏损伤情况.结果 90%肝切除术后对照组小鼠12h内100%死亡,PD98059组存活时间均超过16h,术后7d生存率达16.7%(P＜0.05).采用肝脏重量的重建和BrdU结合率来评估肝再生,70%肝切除术后48h PD98059组肝再生率低于对照组(P＜0.05),但术后48h血清ALT水平较对照组明显降低(P＜0.05).术后48h肝脏HE染色示,PD98059组无明显病理结构改变,对照组呈轻度的脂肪变性.结论 MEK抑制剂PD98059适当抑制肝切除术后肝再生的速率,能改善剩余肝脏功能并提高存活率.     

中药联合食醋保留灌肠治疗慢性重型肝炎效果观察

目的 探讨中药联合食醋保留灌肠对治疗慢性重型肝炎的效果.方法 将84例慢性重型肝炎患者按入院单双日分为观察组与对照组各42例.对照组采用综合支持、护肝治疗,观察组在此基础上加用中药联合食醋保留灌肠.结果 治疗后对照组与观察组ALT、TBIL、PT、PTA、血氨比较.差异有显著性意义(均P＜0.01).治疗后观察组主要并发症如感染、肝肾综合征、肝性脑病的发生率显著低于对照组(均P＜0.05),而治疗效果显著优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 中药联合食醋保留灌肠可改善慢性重型肝炎患者的肝功能,降低并发症发生率,疗效显著.     

胃癌患者术中腹腔内温热灌注化疗的临床研究

目的探讨胃癌根治术中一次性腹腔温热灌注化疗的临床疗效。方法将术中行一次性腹腔温热灌注化疗的55例胃癌患者(治疗组)与未行此方法治疗的101例患者(对照组)的腹腔游离癌细胞检出率及预后等情况进行对比。结果治疗组的温热灌注液游离癌细胞检出率为7.3%,对照组冲洗液的癌细胞检出率为30.7%(P<0.01)。治疗组与对照组术后两年内腹腔复发率分别为14.5%和38.6%(P<0.01)。治疗组术后1、2、3年生存率分别为100%、80.0%和61.8%,对照组则为96.0%、52.5%和35.6%,两组2、3年生存率比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论一次性腹腔温热灌注化疗简便、高效、安全,具有杀灭腹腔游离癌细胞的作用,可降低患者术后腹腔复发率和提高生存率。     

Proposed revision of the esophageal cancer staging system to accommodate pathologic response (pP) following preoperative chemoradiation (CRT)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of pathologic response following preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) on the AJCC esophageal cancer staging system. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Increasing numbers of locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer patients are treated with preoperative CRT prior to surgical resection. METHODS: Five hundred ninety-three pts from 1985 to 2003 with esophageal cancer who underwent surgery with (n = 239) or without CRT (n = 354) were reviewed. Resected esophageal tumors were assessed for pathologic response by determining extent of residual tumor following CRT (P0, 0% residual; P1, 1%-50% residual; P2, >50% residual). RESULTS: After CRT down-staging, pTNM specific survival was similar, irrespective of treatment group (P = 0.98). The pTNM stage distribution was more favorable in the CRT group (P < 0.001) despite a more advanced initial cTNM stage distribution (P < 0.001). Following CRT, the pathologic response (pP) at the primary tumor as defined by extent of residual tumor predicted overall survival (3 years: P0, 0% residual = 74%; P1, 1%-50% residual = 54%; P2, >50% residual = 24%, P < 0.001) and stage specific survival with greater accuracy than pTNM stage alone. CONCLUSIONS: Our analyses demonstrate that following CRT, pTNM continues to predict survival. The extent of pathologic response following CRT is an independent risk factor for survival (pP) and should be incorporated in the pTNM esophageal cancer staging system to better predict patient outcome in esophageal cancer.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: an aggressive cancer requiring multimodality treatment

BACKGROUND: In our clinical practice, we have observed a high incidence of locoregional failure in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the buccal mucosa. We analyze our treatment results of this cancer and compare these results with those in the literature. We intend to define the pattern and incidence of failure of buccal cancer and provide information for the design of a better multimodality treatment. METHODS: During the period from 1983 through 2003, 121 previously untreated patients with M0 stage SCC of the buccal mucosa were treated with a curative intent at our hospital. Twenty-seven patients received surgery alone, 36 had radiotherapy alone, and 58 underwent surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy. RESULTS: The 5-year locoregional control, overall survival, and cause-specific survival rates for all patients were 36.3%, 34.3%, and 36.9%, respectively. The locoregional recurrence rate was 57% for all patients, with 80% occurring in the primary site alone. Patients with T1-2N0 disease who received surgery alone still had a high local recurrence incidence of 41%. For patients with locally advanced disease, surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy achieved better overall survival and locoregional control rates than surgery alone or radiotherapy alone. T classification was the only prognostic factor affecting locoregional control and survival in the surgery alone group, whereas N classification and skin invasion predicted a poorer survival for the surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy group. CONCLUSIONS: SCC of the buccal mucosa is an aggressive cancer with a high locoregional failure rate even in patients with T1-2N0 disease. Possible reasons include inadequate treatment and an intrinsically aggressive nature. Postoperative radiotherapy has resulted in a better locoregional control rate for patients with T3-4 or N+ disease and should also be considered for patients with T1-2N0 disease for whom adjuvant therapy after radical surgery currently is not recommended by most guidelines.     

术前辅助放疗对直肠癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的通过对直肠癌术前放射治疗的对比研究,观察放疗效果与直肠癌细胞增殖和凋亡关系。方法将80例pTNMⅡ期和Ⅲ期直肠癌患者分为2组,每组40例。对照组直接手术治疗,放疗组术前行40Gy放射治疗,放疗结束后1～2周手术。应用免疫组织化学法检测Ki-67表达,用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡。结果放疗组术前有14例肿瘤显著缩小,18例部分缩小,8例轻微缩小;显效率35.0%,总有效率80.0%。放疗前癌组织的自发凋亡与Ki-67标记指数也有显著的正相关性(r=0.563,P=0.027);放疗后癌组织的Ki-67表达显著低于放疗前,也显著低于对照组(P=0.017和P=0.011);癌旁2cm正常黏膜Ki-67表达较对照组显著降低。放疗后癌细胞的凋亡指数显著高于放疗前,也显著高于对照组(P=0.013和P=0.018)。结论放疗主要通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和促进癌细胞凋亡产生治疗作用。Ki-67表达的高低可作为放疗的筛选指标。     

A retrospective study of the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer by six institutions in eastern and north-eastern Japan

OBJECTIVE: To investigate patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated at six academic institutions in eastern and north-eastern Japan from 1988 to 2000, to facilitate the establishment of Japanese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 391 eligible patients with locally advanced prostate cancer who were treated by radical prostatectomy (RP), radiotherapy and/or primary hormone therapy. Disease-specific survival rates for these patients were assessed in relation to their clinicopathological characteristics and the types of treatment they received. The Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square and log-rank test were used for statistical analysis, as appropriate. RESULTS: In all, 128 patient with lower prostate-specific antigen levels (P = 0.023) and/or better performance status (P = 0.001) had RP. Neoadjuvant hormone therapy before RP was the treatment in 68 (53%) of these 128 patients; 66 (52%) received immediate adjuvant hormone therapy. Of 87 patients treated with radiotherapy, 75 (86%) had external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) as the primary treatment with no brachytherapy, and 12 (14%) had brachytherapy as the primary method. Neoadjuvant hormone therapy was given to 56 of the 87 patients (64%); 48 (55%) received immediate adjuvant hormone therapy. Of the 176 patients treated with primary hormone therapy alone, combined androgen blockade and surgical or medical castration was the treatment in 76 (43%) and 85 (48%), respectively. Disease-specific survival rates at 5 years for patients treated with RP, EBRT and primary hormone therapy were 90%, 98%, and 89%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The treatments provided by the participating institutions did not differ significantly from those set out in European and American guidelines, and short-term disease-specific survival rates for each treatment did not differ significantly from those of historical controls. Further investigation may facilitate the establishment of Japanese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer.     

肝再生增强因子对大鼠腹腔移植的肝细胞的影响

目的 探讨肝再生增强因子(ALR)对急性肝功能衰竭大鼠腹腔移植的肝细胞的影响.方法 采用D-氨基半乳糖诱导SD大鼠急性肝功能衰竭(AHF),然后将其随机分为空白对照组(仅接受生理盐水腹腔注射)、移植对照组(腹腔移植SD大鼠的肝细胞2×107个)、环孢素A组(CsA组,接受肝细胞移植后腹腔注射CsA 6 d)、ALR组(接受肝细胞移植后腹腔注射ALR 6 d)和ALR对照组(仅腹腔注射ALR 6 d).实验期为14 d,观察受者的存活情况及移植肝细胞存活情况,检测腹腔内细胞CD4、CD8及CD68的表达情况,测定血清及腹腔冲洗液中自细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子a(TNF-a)的水平.结果 空白对照组、移植对照组、CsA组、ALR组及ALR对照组的受者2周存活率分别为0、46.7%、20%、66.7%和14.3%,ALR组显著高于空白对照组(P=0.001).移植后1～2 d,ALR组血清TNF-a和IL-1β明显低于空白对照组和移植对照组(P<0.01);移植对照组腹腔冲洗液中TNF-a和IL-1β水平明显高于其它各组(P<0.05,P<0.01).至移植后14 d,各组存活大鼠的血清TNF-a和IL-1β水平接近正常水平.移植后1～2 d,ALR组移植物内CD68表达水平为(0.5±0.3)%,明显低于移植对照组和CsA组(P<0.01);ALR组腹腔内细胞CD68、CD4及CD8表达水平分别为(1.3±1.2)%、(0.1±0.3)%和(0.2±0.1)%,均明显低于移植对照组(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05).移植后1～3 d,接受肝细胞移植的大鼠腹腔内可见聚集成团的肝细胞结节,ALR组存活的肝细胞数明显多于移植对照组和CsA组,且炎症细胞浸润较少,至移植后14 d,仅ALR组可见少量形态正常的肝细胞.结论 腹腔内肝细胞移植联合ALR腹腔注射能提高AHF大鼠的存活率;ALR能短期改善移植肝细胞的存活状况.     

Ivor-Lewis手术辅助放疗对ⅡA期中段食管癌局部控制的临床研究

目的 探讨Ivor-Lewis手术后辅助放疗对ⅡA期胸中段食管鳞状细胞癌的局部控制作用.方法 回顾性分析1999年6月至2002年6月间接受Ivor-Lewis手术治疗的125例ⅡA期胸中段食管鳞状细胞癌患者的临床资料.Kaplan-meier法计算生存率,X2检验比较不同辅助治疗方案的肿瘤局部复发率差别.结果 本组患者3年和5年生存率分别为58.4%和43.2%.3年内61例(48.8%)肿瘤复发,其中局部-区域性复发38例(30.4%).手术后辅助放疗组局部复发率20.3%,低于手术后辅助化疗组的40.6%和未经辅助治疗组的41.4%(P<0.05).结论 Ivor-Lewis手术辅助术后放疗,是对ⅡA期胸中段食管鳞状细胞癌实现局部控制的有效方法.     

低位直肠癌术前放疗联合化疗的疗效观察

目的探讨术前化疗联合放疗在低位直肠癌治疗中的疗效。方法将70例低位直肠癌患者随机分为两组:单纯手术组进行常规手术治疗;综合治疗组予以卡培他滨口服和放疗后再手术。结果综合治疗组于放化疗结束后检查发现肿块均有不同程度缩小、活动度增加,下极距肛缘的距离延长0.8～1.5(平均1.2)cm;手术切除标本见大片坏死组织、细胞变性、癌周浸润消失以及肿块旁淋巴结大部分坏死和癌周血管闭塞。综合治疗组和单纯手术组的手术切除率分别为80.0%和100%,两组比较P<0.05;保肛率分别为34.3%和82.9%,两组比较P<0.01;局部复发率分别为17.9%和0,两组比较P<0.05;差异均有显著性意义。结论术前卡培他滨联合放疗对于低位直肠癌是目前较好的新辅助治疗方案。     

Is the delay in starting postoperative radiotherapy a key factor in the outcome of advanced (T3 and T4) laryngeal cancer?

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors influencing the outcome of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. DESIGN: The files of 44 patients with advanced laryngeal cancer who were treated by surgery followed by radiotherapy (24 with pT3 and 20 with pT4) were reviewed. Median delay in starting radiotherapy was 50 days (range, 19-150 days). Treatment variables, in addition to certain patient and tumor characteristics, were analyzed in terms of locoregional control and survival. SETTING: Major referral tertiary center in central Israel. RESULTS: Locoregional control rates were 86% and 81% at 2 and 5 years, respectively, and corresponding survival rates were 82% for both. Only nodal involvement retained statistical significance for both locoregional control as well as survival on multivariate analysis (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.0004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study showing that delay in postoperative radiotherapy in advanced laryngeal cancer is not a significant predictor of locoregional control or survival in advanced laryngeal cancer. Only lymphatic spread was found to have a significant influence on treatment outcome.