远端蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣在急诊修复手部软组织缺损中的临床应用

目的应用前臂及手部远端蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣急诊修复手、腕部多部位软组织缺损。方法根据创面位置不同,分别采用前臂内（n=4）、外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣（n=7）、手部桡神经浅支营养血管皮瓣（n=9）、尺神经腕背支营养血管皮瓣（n=5）及掌背皮神经营养血管皮瓣（n=21）,急诊修复手、腕部软组织缺损46例。结果术后随访3~18个月,46例皮瓣全部成活,其中优28例,良14例,可4例,优良率达91.3%。结论前臂及手部远端蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣血运丰富、创伤小,急诊修复手、腕部软组织缺损操作简便、覆盖完全、并发症少、成活率高,值得推广。     

应用4种皮瓣修复小儿足跟部软组织缺损的临床效果

目的探讨应用4种皮瓣修复小儿足跟部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 2006年8月～2010年9月采用小腿外侧皮瓣、外踝上动脉皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣和腓肠神经营养皮瓣修复小儿足跟部软组织缺损33例,年龄3～12岁。缺损面积:4cm×3cm～18cm×11cm;8例伴有跟腱缺损。切取皮瓣面积:5cm×4cm～20cm×13cm;小腿外侧逆行岛状皮瓣10例、股前外侧皮瓣9例、腓肠神经营养皮瓣8例、外踝上动脉皮瓣6例。结果 33例经8～19个月随访,皮瓣外形和质地良好,术后皮瓣全部成活。其中2例股前外侧皮瓣发生静脉危象,经重新吻合静脉后皮瓣成活;3例腓肠神经营养皮瓣发生远端边缘坏死,最大1.5cm×1cm,经伤口换药后痊愈。8例合并跟腱缺损者,5例用股前外侧皮瓣和深筋膜(髂胫束)重建后屈踝功能恢复近于正常,3例屈踝肌力减弱,有较明显的跛行。结论小腿外侧皮瓣、外踝上动脉皮瓣和腓肠神经营养皮瓣具有切取简便,损伤小,皮瓣外形和质地良好,是修复小儿足跟部中小面积软组织缺损的较理想方法,而股前外侧皮瓣则是修复小儿足跟部大面积缺损或合并跟腱缺损的有效方法之一。     

吻合血管皮瓣移植修复前臂和手部复杂性软组织缺损

目的探讨吻合血管皮瓣移植修复前臂和手部复杂软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对17例前臂和手部复杂软组织缺损采用股前外侧皮瓣、胸脐皮瓣、小腿内侧与股前外侧皮瓣的串联皮瓣游离移植修复创面。创面面积11 cm×8 cm～26 cm×9 cm,皮瓣切取面积13 cm×9 cm～27 cm×10 cm。结果移植皮瓣全部成活;8例皮瓣臃肿,需再次手术整形;4例骨缺损在皮瓣成活后半年施行自体髂骨植骨钢板内固定,骨折愈合,前臂的旋转功能和手部功能恢复满意;3例肌腱缺损者术后3～5个月用健侧掌长肌腱或手屈指浅肌腱移植修复,手部功能获得部分恢复;2例尺、桡动脉严重损伤,合并重度皮肤肌肉组织缺损者手部功能获得部分恢复,其余患者前臂旋转功能和手部功能恢复满意。结论吻合血管皮瓣移植能有效地修复前臂和手部复杂软组织缺损,控制创面感染,有助于骨折愈合和手部功能的恢复。     

逆行第一趾背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复足趾端皮肤缺损及骨外露

目的:探讨逆行第一趾背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复足第一趾远端软组织缺损及骨外露的治疗方法。方法:一期或二期应用逆行第一趾背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复足第一趾远端软组织缺损及骨外露,切取皮瓣最大面积为4.0cm×3.0cm,临床应用6例。结果:除1例发生边缘坏死外,其余全部成活,术后随访5个月～25个月,皮瓣质地满意,患足功能稳定。结论:使用逆行第一趾背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复足远端软组织缺损及骨外露,手术简便,疗程短,效果满意。     

逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣的临床应用体会

目的 研究逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复小腿胫前区及足部创伤的临床效果.方法 我科2009年9月~2012年11月应用逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复小腿胫前及足部软组织缺损19例,其中4例合并Ⅱ型糖尿病,3例合并慢性骨髓炎及窦道形成.皮肤缺损面积8 cm×5 cm～17 cm×11 cm.结果 本组17例术后皮瓣存活良好,伤口一期愈合.1例术后皮瓣因引流不充分出现积血致远端部分坏死,行二期皮片移植术后愈合;1例因皮瓣蒂部软组织挫伤致血供不良改行交腿皮瓣后愈合.结论 逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣可切取范围较大,血供丰富,解剖容易,不易损伤大血管,蒂部旋转灵活,能修复的创面部位较多,皮瓣成活率高.     

股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损

目的总结股前外侧皮瓣游离移植足踝部,尤其是小儿跟腱部皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 2010年2月~2014年12月,采用股前外侧皮瓣修复23例足踝部皮肤软组织缺损,男性17例,女性6例;年龄4~45岁,平均21岁。创面均伴血管、骨及肌腱外露,创面缺损范围4cm×6cm~23cm×18cm,皮瓣切取范围为6cm×8cm~25cm×20cm,供区游离植皮修复。结果 1例移植皮瓣坏死,其余皮瓣及供区植皮均顺利成活,创面均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间8~46个月,平均16个月。皮瓣耐磨,无局部溃烂,均恢复保护性感觉。4例全足脱套伤患者皮瓣外形臃肿于术后8~12个月行二次手术皮瓣修整后,外形满意。结论股前外侧皮瓣具有切取范围大、血管口径粗、部位隐蔽等特点,由于股前外侧皮神经吻合可以获得较好的保护性感觉,可广泛用于足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的修复。     

带髂胫束的股前外侧皮瓣修复前臂复杂创面

目的 介绍应用带髂胫束的股前外侧皮瓣移植修复前臂大面积皮肤软组织缺损并重建前臂的主要伸屈功能.方法 切取带髂胫束的股前外侧皮瓣修复前臂复杂创面8例,髂胫束修复前臂屈肌腱缺损3例,伸肌腱缺损5例,同时用皮瓣轴型血管修复手部血供.结果 本组患者皮瓣全部成活,随访3个月～2.5年,前臂外形满意,皮肤质地柔软,皮瓣恢复保护性感觉,患肢能完成主要的伸屈功能,手腕指关节总活动度(TAM)评价:优良6例,差2例.结论 带髂胫柬的股前外侧皮瓣在修复前臂软组织缺损同时可Ⅰ期重建前臂主要伸或屈功能,是一种简单、理想的手术方法.     

腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣治疗跟骨骨折术后皮肤软组织缺损的临床应用

应用腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复跟骨骨折术后皮肤软组织缺损5例,皮瓣切取面积:4cm×3cm～10cm×6cm。随访时间2～18个月,平均10个月。1例部分坏死,行交腿皮瓣术后创面愈合,其余皮瓣均成活。皮瓣质地优良,色泽与周边皮肤接近,外形及功能满意,下肢负重、行走功能正常。腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣手术切取简便,血液供应可靠,且不牺牲主要动脉,因此是修复足踝部软组织缺损的理想皮瓣。     

应用股前外侧皮瓣修复四肢大面积的软组织缺损

应用股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复前臂、手部、小腿及足部软组织缺损合并骨、肌腱、神经外露创面11例,切取皮瓣的范围为35cm×13cm～10cm×6cm.术后皮瓣全部成活,外观、感觉、功能均达到优良.     

含脐旁皮动脉真皮下血管网皮瓣修复前臂及手部外伤的应用

 目的 总结含脐旁皮动脉真皮下血管网皮瓣修复前臂及手部软组织缺损的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析1999年7月～2007年3月应用含脐旁皮动脉真皮下血管网皮瓣修复前臂及手部软组织缺损创面87例,41例为手部、前臂热压伤,22例为手及前臂电接触损伤,12例手及前臂烧伤,12例为其他原因致伤.手术依创面情况选择皮瓣大小,最大切取面积25 cm×8 cm,长宽比1.5～4∶1,修薄皮下脂肪保留1～3 mm.结果 72例皮瓣完全成活,11例皮瓣远端小部分坏死,经换药后愈合,4例大部分坏死;或皮瓣与受区撕脱,再次手术.术后随访4个月～2年,受区皮肤平整,色泽好,质地软,外形美观,功能恢复满意.术后3个月～1年有触觉及痛温觉恢复.结论 应用脐旁皮动脉真皮下血管网皮瓣修复前臂及手部软组织缺损具有疗程短,术后手及前臂外形及功能恢复良好,是较理想的一种修复方法.     

大鼠胚胎大脑组织的冷冻保存研究

用组织培养测定活性的方法研究了胎龄18d大鼠胚胎大脑组织的适宜冻存条件,较系统地观察了有关低温保护剂、冷冻和复温速率、保存时间等条件对胎鼠脑组织活性的影响。结果表明,以下条件能使冻存组织获得良好的培养结果:以1mol/L的二甲亚砜作为低温保护剂,以1℃/min的速率冷冻至-70℃,液氮保存,37℃水浴快速复温。在液氮中保存60d活性无明显变化。2mol/L甘油对胎脑组织也有一定的保护作用,但不如1mol/L二甲亚砜,而聚乙烯吡咯烷酮无明显保护作用。冷冻速率等于或超过5℃/min,则组织活性急剧下降,说明冷冻速率对胚胎大脑组织活性影响较大。     

A multispectral analysis of brain tissues

With the increasing use of three-dimensional MRI techniques it is becoming necessary to explore automated techniques for locating pathology in the volume images. The suitability of a specific technique to locate and identify healthy tissues of the brain was examined as a first step toward eventually identifying pathology in images. This technique, called multispectral image segmentation, is based on the classification of tissue types in an image according to their characteristics in various spectral regions. The spectral regions chosen for this study were the hydrogen spin-lattice relaxation time T₁ spin-spin relaxation time T₂, and spin density, ?. Single-echo, spin-echo magnetic resonance images of axial slices through the brain at the level of the lateral ventricles were recorded on a 1.5 Tesla imager from 20 volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 72 years. These images were used to calculate the T₁, T₂, and ? images used for the classification. Tissue classification was performed by locating clusters of pixels in a threedimensional T₁-¹-T₂-¹-ρ histogram. Gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, meninges, muscle, and adipose tissues were readily classified in magnetic resonance images of the volunteers with a single set of T₁, T₂, and ρ values. Cluster characteristics, such as size, shape, and location, provided information on the imaging procedure and tissue characteristics.     

双皮瓣联合修复足跟部大面积皮肤软组织缺损

目的　总结联合应用足底内侧皮瓣及足外侧皮瓣修复足跟部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的方法及效果。方法　 1995年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月联合运用同侧足底内侧皮瓣和足外侧皮瓣转位修复足跟底部及跟后部大面积皮肤、软组织缺损 9例 ,其中外伤 5例、慢性骨髓炎 2例、鳞状细胞癌 2例。创面最大为 16 .5cm×6 .5cm ,最小为 10 .0cm× 4 .0cm。结果　术后未发生血管危象 ,皮瓣全部成活 ,伤口Ⅰ期愈合。随访 6个月～6年 ,所有病例皮瓣外观及功能均恢复良好。结论　足跟部为负重区 ,跟后部为摩擦区 ,对此处大面积皮肤软组织缺损后的修复要求较高。用上述 2个皮瓣联合使用完全符合足部修复要求 ,修复后效果良好     

Benign soft tissue chondroma of the foot

Soft tissue chondroma is an uncommon soft-tissue cartilaginous tumor of benign nature, it considers a variant of extra-skeletal chondromas that undergoes extensive ossification. This case of a 37?years old Egyptian male presented with a recurrent slowly growing painful palpable heel mass arises at the plantar aspect of his RT foot.The case is pathologically proven to be benign soft tissue chondroma.     

Percutaneous needle biopsy of soft tissue tumors guided by ultrasound and computed tomography

Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous needle biopsy of soft tissue lesions was performed in 39 patients. A correct diagnosis was obtained in 35 of 42 biopsies, with an overall accuracy rate of 83%. No false-positive diagnoses were obtained, and no complications related to the procedure were encountered. The value of this technique in the management of selected patients with soft tissue masses is detailed.     

腹壁下血管皮瓣移植修复足部大面积软组织缺损

目的 介绍带血管腹壁下血管皮瓣移植修复足部巨大软组织缺损的方法，分析治疗效果。方法 对2002年9月-2006年3月收治的14例足部巨大软组织缺损病例，采用吻合血管的腹壁下血管皮瓣修复创面。结果 术后14例移植皮瓣全部存活，缺损创面得以修复，外观，功能良好。结论 该术式腹壁下血管解剖比较恒定，皮瓣血供丰富，对供区破坏小，可应用于修复足部巨大软组织缺损。     

Post-treatment complications of soft tissue tumours

Purpose

To identify local and distant complications of patients with soft tissue tumours and evaluate their relationships to types of therapy.

Methods and materials

Fifty-one patients (29 males and 22 females, ages 14–80 years) with 34 malignant and 17 benign soft tissue tumours were evaluated for local and distant complications after resection or amputation only (26 patients) or after the addition of radiotherapy (25 patients: 17 patients had external beam therapy, 7 patients had external beam therapy and brachytherapy, and one patient had extracorporeal irradiation and reimplantation). Duration of follow-up averaged 3.75 years for malignant tumours and 2.79 years for benign tumours. Follow-up studies included radiography, T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), computed tomography for thoracic and abdominal metastases, and 3-phase technetium-99m-labeled-methylene-diphosphonate scintigraphy for bone metastases.

Results

Recurrent tumours were 2.2 times more frequent in patients who had undergone their initial resection at an outside hospital as compared with those first treated at the university hospital. Nine of 11 recurrences occurred after marginal surgery. Metastases from soft tissue sarcomas, most commonly to lung (nine patients) and to bone and muscle (five patients), showed no specific relationship to type of therapy. DCE-MRI differentiated rapidly enhancing soft tissue recurrences (11 patients) and residual tumours (6 patients) from slowly enhancing muscle inflammation, and non-enhancing fibrosis and seromas that usually did not enhance. Seromas developed in 76% of patients who had postoperative radiation therapy and in 7.7% of patients who had only surgery. Subcutaneous and cutaneous oedema and muscle inflammation was at least four times more frequent after adjunct radiotherapy than after resection alone. Irrespective of the type of treatment, inflammatory changes in muscle and subcutaneous and cutaneous tissue and the majority of seromas were evident at the first follow-up study. Although seromas after resection and external beam therapy resolved with time, seromas after additional brachytherapy persisted. Inflammatory changes in muscle and cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue after resection alone disappeared by the second follow-up study, whereas these changes after radiotherapy resolved months to years after treatment. Fourteen of 51 patients showed MR findings of chronic muscular atrophy, predominantly located in the lower extremity. Heterotopic ossification was seen in three patients after resection and amputation without radiotherapy. Except for one patient with aggressive fibromatosis, bone and nerve complications occurred in patients with soft tissue malignancy. Twelve patients had osteoporosis. Six patients sustained fractures in irradiated osteoporotic bone of the lower extremity, and one patient had a vertebral fracture in radiographically normal but irradiated bone. In addition, one patient was found to have a medullary infarct in an irradiated femur. In nerve entrapment, DCE-MRI demonstrated the rapidly enhancing recurrent tumour or non-enhancing fibrosis surrounding the slowly enhancing nerve. T1- and T2-weighted MR images displayed the acute and chronic sequelae of nerve entrapment and nerve transection with denervation as T2-hyperintense acute muscle atrophy or T1-hypertense chronic fatty muscular atrophy with decrease in muscle volume.

Conclusion

This study suggests a possible relationship between types of treatment of soft tissue tumours and subsequent complications. Postoperative radiotherapy was associated with a significant number of patients with seromas, muscle, cutaneous and subcutaneous inflammation, and fractures. Incomplete or difficult surgery resulted in residual or recurrent tumours and heterotopic ossification. Muscle atrophy and nerve entrapment were related to both treatments (resection alone or radiotherapy after resection). Diligent follow-up of patients with soft tissue tumours with recognition of these complications and their differentiation from recurrent or residual tumour can help guide clinical care and may negate the need for surgery when benign disease is defined.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of benign soft tissue neoplasms in adults

This article reviews a spectrum of benign soft tissue tumors found in adults. Rather than presenting a complete review, the focus of this article is on benign tumors for which the diagnosis may be confidently made or strongly suggested on the basis of imaging. Diagnoses presented include nodular fasciitis, superficial and deep fibromatosis, elastofibroma, lipomatous lesions, giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, pigmented villonodular synovitis, peripheral nerve sheath tumors, Morton neuroma, hemangioma, and myxoma.     

脂肪来源干细胞的多向分化性及其在组织工程中的应用

近期研究表明间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells,MSC）可以从脂肪组织获得,这类细胞被称为脂肪来源干细胞（adipose-derived stem cells,ADSCs）。ADSCs与骨髓来源MSC具有相似的多向分化性,并且存在容易获取、取材创伤小和细胞获得量大等优点,因此有望成为组织工程中另一种很有前景的种子细胞来源。本文介绍了ADSCs多向分化性的最新研究进展,以及在各种组织工程中的应用情况。