非脱垂阴式子宫切除与开腹子宫切除的临床对比研究

目的评价非脱垂子宫经阴道子宫切除术与经腹子宫切除术的效果。方法根据手术方式的不同,将78例非脱垂子宫病变患者分为经腹子宫切除术组(腹式组)38例和经阴道子宫切除术组(阴式组)40例,比较两组手术效果。结果阴式组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、肛门排气时间分别为(55.5±18.5)min、(98.4±10.6)ml、(6.5±1.4)d、(2.2±0.5)d,均少于腹式组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论非脱垂子宫经阴道切除术具有创伤小、手术时间短、出血量少、疗效好的优点,体表不留疤痕。对于肥胖和有美容要求的患者是一种理想的术式。     

腹腔镜辅助与阴式子宫切除术的对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术的临床疗效.方法:回顾分析2010年2月至2012年2月为125例患者行腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术(laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy,LAVH)的临床资料,并与同期117例阴式子宫切除术(transvaginal hysterectomy,TVH)进行对比分析.结果:两组患者手术时间、术中出血量差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后3天平均体温、术后肛门排气时间、术中严重并发症及术后住院时间两组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:两种术式均符合微创医学理念,各有优缺点.LAVH视野清晰,可发现并处理盆腔内其他病变;TVH利用阴道自然腔道施术,无需复杂、昂贵的仪器,术者只需具备熟练的手术技巧.根据患者自身情况、盆腔有无粘连及粘连程度、是否涉及附件手术,并结合术者手术技巧选择最适宜的手术方式,可最大限度地减少术中并发症.     

Splenectomy for trauma: morbidity, mortality and associated abdominal injuries

Management of ruptured spleen still frequently requires splenectomy. A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing splenectomy for trauma at Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, over a 14-year period was conducted; 141 of 145 cases were due to blunt trauma. The mortality rate was 10% and all deaths occurred as a result of road traffic accidents. The overall complication rate was 43%, varying from 25% in those with an isolated splenic injury to 100% with multiple system injuries. There was zero incidence of associated intra-abdominal injury in the group sustaining a ruptured spleen as a result of a fall, assault or sporting injury, in contrast to a nearly 50% incidence following road traffic and bicycle accidents. Whether these associated injuries would have been neglected had laparotomy for splenic trauma not been performed is uncertain, and so non-operative management of splenic trauma remains contentious, particularly in cases following vehicular accidents.     

Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy with lateral transsection of the uterine vessels

Background: Increased safety and diminished blood loss are achieved through laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy by selective coagulation and transsection of the uterine vessels at their origin. Methods: Three laparoscopic steps are performed: coagulation and transsection of the round ligament, of the uterine artery at its origin, and of the fallopian tube and ovarian ligament or (in BSO) the infundibulopelvic ligament. The uterine vessels are identified from the pararectal space and, following the internal liliac artery, and the ureter. Hysterectomy is completed transvaginally. Results: Two hundred and sixty-seven patients underwent this procedure. Mean operation time was 121 min, and hemoglobin decreased to 0.6 g/dl by postoperative day 3. It took 8.4 min on average to identify and coagulate the uterine artery. Conclusions: Lateral transsection of the uterine vessels is safe and blood sparing and can be used in patients in whom blood loss must be minimized.     

腹腔镜与经腹鞘膜内子宫切除术的临床对照分析

目的 :探讨腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术的优越性及临床应用价值。方法 :15 2例行腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术 (腹腔镜组 ) ,与同期 138例经腹鞘膜内子宫切除术 (开腹组 )进行比较。结果 :腹腔镜组平均手术时间 86 6 7± 18 89min ,术中平均出血量 12 4 5 3± 5 3 2 2ml ;对照组平均手术时间 83 5 0± 14 72min ,术中平均出血量 114 4 2± 5 0 36ml,两组差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。腹腔镜组术后排气时间为 2 6 80± 4 6 3h ,术后最高体温为 37 5 1± 0 33℃ ,术后住院天数为 4 0 2± 0 89d ;开腹组术后排气时间为 32 4 6± 6 2 3h ,术后最高体温为 38 0 9± 0 2 9℃ ,术后住院天数为 5 96± 1 0 3d ,两组差异有高度显著性 (P <0 0 0 1)。术后病率 ,腹腔镜组无 1例 ,开腹组 7例 (5 % )。腹腔镜组 1例膀胱损伤 ,镜下修补 ,开腹组无损伤。结论 :腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术具有腹壁创伤小 ,术中出血少 ,术后康复快及并发症少等优点 ,是较理想的子宫切除术式     

腹腔镜与腹式全子宫切除术术后疲劳综合征的对比研究

目的:对比分析腹腔镜与腹式全子宫切除术术后疲劳综合征的特点.方法:126例患者根据手术方式分为腹腔镜组(58例)与开腹组(68例),分别于术前(T0),术后第1天(T1)、第3天(T2)、第5天(T8)进行Christensen疲劳评分、利势手握力测试,并抽取空腹静脉血化验白蛋白、转铁蛋白、前白蛋白、维A结合蛋白、C反应蛋白、IL-6、TNF-α和白细胞计数,将两组结果进行对比.结果:术前两组患者各项目差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 术后腹腔镜组各测试时间点疲劳评分较低,利势手握力较高,前白蛋白和维A结合蛋白较高,炎症指标水平较低,但两组血浆白蛋白和转铁蛋白差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:腹腔镜全子宫切除术可减轻术后炎症水平,减少对机体营养状态的影响,有效降低了患者术后疲劳综合征的严重程度,利于术后康复.     

One-year follow-up after sacrospinous hysteropexy and vaginal hysterectomy for uterine descent: a randomized study

Introduction and hypothesis  

In a retrospective study, the sacrospinous hysteropexy was associated with a shorter recovery time compared to a vaginal hysterectomy with no differences in anatomical outcomes. No randomized trials are performed.     

Total laparoscopic hysterectomy versus total abdominal hysterectomy: cohort review of patients with uterine neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE: Retrospective analysis of surgico-pathologic data comparing total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) with total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) patients with uterine neoplasia. METHODS: We conducted a chart abstraction of all patients undergoing hysterectomy for uterine neoplasia from September 1996 to November 2004. Patients were assigned to undergo the abdominal or laparoscopic approach based on established clinical safety criteria. RESULTS: The study included 105 patients, 29 with TAH and 76 with TLH. TAH patients were older (68 vs. 61, P=0.021); however, both groups had similar body mass indexes (31) and parities (1.6). Controlling for age, surgical duration was similar (152 minutes). Average blood loss was higher for TAH, (504 vs. 138 mL, P<0.001). Hospital stays were significantly longer for patients with TAH than for those with TLH (5.4 vs. 1.8 days, P<0.0001). Uterine weight was greater (197 vs. 135 g, P=0.008) and myometrial invasion deeper in the TAH group (48% outer half vs. 17%, P=0.001). More patients had Stage II or higher disease in the TAH group (35% vs. 17%, P=0.038). More TAH patients needed node dissection (79% vs. 28%, P<.001). Node yields from dissections of 23 TAH cases and 21 laparoscopic cases were similar (17 nodes). Total and reoperative complications from TAH versus TLH were not statistically different in our small sample (14.3 vs. 5.2% total, NS; 10.3 vs. 2.6% reoperative). One conversion was necessary from laparoscopy to laparotomy for unsuspected bulky metastatic disease. CONCLUSION: Based on clinical selection criteria, TLH performed for endometrial pathology has few complications and is well tolerated by select patients. The advantages are less blood loss and a shorter length of hospital stay for qualified patients.     

Factors affecting mortality and morbidity in patients with abdominal gunshot wounds

Risk factors that may independently predict mortality and morbidity in patients with abdominal gunshot wounds have not been fully elucidated. We prospectively studied the effects of 12 potential risk factors on mortality and morbidity in 82 patients with abdominal gunshot wounds who required laparotomy. Univariate analysis of these factors revealed that shock on admission, presence of penetrating colon injury and number of intra-abdominal organs injured (NOI)>2 were associated with greater than threefold increased incidence of death (p<0.05). Penetrating abdominal trauma index (PATI) score>15 was associated with twentyfold increased incidence of death (P<0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that only PATI (P=0.001), number of postoperative complications per patient (N(comp)) (P=0.023) and presence of shock on admission (P=0. 028) were independently significant in predicting mortality. PATI was the only risk factor that independently predicted the development of postoperative infectious complications and N(comp) (P<0.0001). The type of gun used was not a significant risk factor (P>0.05). The 15 (18.3%) non-survivors were significantly older than survivors (P=0.02), had longer operations (P=0.004) and their NOI, PATI and N(comp) were significantly higher (P<0.001). The uniformly prolonged injury to surgery time in all patients contributed to the high incidence of infectious complications (62.2%) and mortality. PATI score was the most important factor found to be independently associated with mortality and morbidity in our subset of patients with prolonged injury to surgery time and high rate of colon injury.     

Early morbidity and mortality associated with elderly odontoid fractures

Odontoid fracture treatment is well documented, but challenges remain in treating these fractures in elderly patients. Issues include identifying the optimal treatment for bony union, determining the stability of a nonunion, and understanding the long-term consequences of nonunion. In elderly patients, the focus tends to shift to morbidity and mortality.This retrospective review describes the early morbidity and mortality in the authors' elderly odontoid fracture population. The authors reviewed the medical records, radiographs, and death certificates of 37 patients aged 65 years or older who were diagnosed with type 2 odontoid fractures between 1994 and 2004. Average follow-up was 28.7 ± 32.5 weeks (range, 0-133 weeks). More than three-fourths of the patients were injured in a fall. All of the odontoid fractures were type 2. The 3 most common co-morbidities were hypertension, heart disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. The majority of patients were treated nonoperatively with a collar or halo. Six patients experienced 1 procedure-related complication. Overall, 18 (48.6%) of 37 patients experienced complications, including 3 (8.15%) deaths.In elderly patients with odontoid fractures, one should be prepared for a hospital course complicated by medical issues; early mortality rates are significant. These issues appear to exist regardless of the fracture treatment chosen; one must anticipate respiratory, swallowing, balance, and cardiac problems. Management strategies should be individualized to the patients; operative and nonoperative treatments remain viable options.     

腹腔镜与阴式全子宫切除术治疗子宫良性疾病的疗效观察

目的：比较腹腔镜与阴式全子宫切除术治疗子宫良性病变的临床效果。方法：回顾分析2012年1月至2013年1月为105例子宫良性疾病患者行全子宫切除术的临床资料,其中55例行腹腔镜子宫切除术（腹腔镜组）,50例行阴式子宫切除术（阴式组）。对比分析两组患者疾病种类、年龄、手术时间、术中出血、术后康复、并发症等情况。结果：两组患者在疾病种类、年龄、术前血红蛋白、合并内科疾病、子宫重量及术后并发症、术后住院时间等方面差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,盆腔粘连例数及术中失血量腹腔镜组优于阴式组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但手术时间、术后排气时间长于阴式组（P〈0.05）。结论：腹腔镜及阴式子宫切除术各有优缺点,相较阴式手术,腹腔镜全子宫切除术手术视野更清晰,尤其合并子宫内膜异位症、盆腔粘连等疾病的患者。术者应根据手术指征、自身手术经验及盆腔解剖关系选择合适的手术方式。     

腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术与开腹全子宫切除术的对比研究

目的：比较腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术（laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy,LAVH）与传统开腹全子宫切除术（total abdominal hysterectomy,TAH）的临床价值。方法：回顾分析为良性子宫病变、无生育要求的102例患者施行全子宫切除术的临床资料。其中LAVH组54例,TAH组48例。结果：LAVH组2例中转开腹,成功率96.3%。两组手术时间及术中出血差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,LAVH组术后排气时间、住院时间及最高体温均优于TAH组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：LAVH能达到传统开腹手术的疗效,具有患者损伤小,术中出血少,疼痛轻,肠功能恢复快,术后体温恢复时间短,住院时间短,美观等优点。     

Bloodless cardiac surgery is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion with cardiac surgery accounts for 20% of transfusions in the United States. The effect of perioperative transfusion on cardiac surgery outcomes is unknown. We hypothesized that cardiac surgery with perioperative blood transfusion was associated with worse outcomes. METHODS: A prospectively maintained (Society of Thoracic Surgeons) institutional database was analyzed from 2000 to 2005. All patients undergoing coronary artery bypass and/or valve operations were evaluated for the association of preoperative and intraoperative risk factors with blood transfusion. The association of transfusion with postoperative complications and mortality was evaluated. RESULTS: During the study period, 2691 patients met inclusion criteria. Sixty-four percent received transfusions. Preoperative risk factors associated with transfusion (p < 0.05) were lung disease, elevated creatinine, peripheral vascular disease, and previous cardiac interventions. Patients requiring transfusion were older (mean 65.2 vs. 61.2 years, p < 0.001). Transfusion was associated with longer cross-clamp (median 78 vs. 88 minutes, p < 0.001) and perfusion times (median 114 vs. 128 minutes, p < 0.001). Perioperative blood transfusion was associated with increased postoperative complications (53.5% vs. 30.5%, p < 0.001). Significant transfusion-associated complications were renal failure, prolonged ventilation time, pneumonia, cardiac arrest, gastrointestinal complications, atrial fibrillation, stroke, myocardial infarction, and bleeding requiring reoperation. Blood transfusion was associated with an increased operative mortality (3.4% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.005) and length of stay after surgery (median 6 vs. 5 days p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Identification and management of risk factors associated with transfusion may reduce the transfusion requirement, minimize perioperative complications and improve outcomes. Bloodless cardiac surgery is associated with a decreased morbidity and mortality.     

Vaginal axis after abdominal,vaginal and laparoscopic hysterectomy: A preliminary study with perineal ultrasonography using contrast medium

Fifteen consecutive women (mean age 44.5 years) without pelvic relaxation underwent total abdominal (5), vaginal (5) and laparoscopic (5) hysterectomy for benign disease. The vaginal axes of the patients were examined prior to and on average 7 weeks (range 3–10) after the operation with perineal ultrasonography enhanced with an ultrasound contrast medium (SHU454/Echovist^®-300). Transabdominal and vaginal hysterectomies were performed in the classic manner, i.e. the round as well as cardinal and sacrouterine ligaments were attached to the vaginal vault, followed by peritonealization. In laparoscopic hysterectomy the round, broad and outer parts of the uterosacral and the upper parts of the cardinal ligaments were desiccated by bipolar electrocoagulation and cut with laparoscopic scissors. The vagina was closed by interrupted sutures with no specific fixation of the round, cardinal or uterosacral ligaments. Preoperative ultrasound findings showed that in all women the vagina was an angulated organ. The mean preoperative angle between the upper and lower vaginal portions was 108°, in both the supine and the standing positions. Postoperatively this angulated shape remained almost unchanged after vaginal (mean angle 117°) and laparoscopic hysterectomy (mean angle 130°), whereas after transabdominal hysterectomy the vaginal axis rotated anteriorly and became an almost straight tube (mean angle 158°). We conclude that the vaginal axis, at least at an early stage after vaginal and laparoscopic hysterectomy remained in almost the same position as preoperatively, in contrast to that after abdominal hysterectomy. A tight attachment of the round ligaments to the vaginal vault in the abdominal approach could explain the outcome of transabdominal hysterectomy, and should be called into question.EDITORIAL COMMENT: The investigators further explore the functional anatomic support of the vagina, looking specifically at differences in topography following abdominal, vaginal or laparoscopic hysterectomy. Although the number of patients included in the study is small and the length of follow-up short, clear differences in vaginal axis following hysterectomy performed via different routes can be seen. Vaginal and laparoscopic hysterectomy seem to maintain the normal preoperative position of the vagina, with the upper vagina horizontal to the levator plate and the vaginal apex positioned posteriorly towards the sacrum. In contrast, the abdominal hysterectomy technique used by the authors, which includes fixation of the round ligaments to the vaginal cuff, results in an anterior rotation of the vaginal axis and loss of the normal relationship between the upper vagina and levator plate; the vagina essentially becomes a vertically positioned tube. This difference in early postoperative upper vaginal position could predispose to the development of enterocele formation and vault prolapse. Continued investigation in this topic should help us understand postoperative pelvic support and devise methods by which to avoid posthysterectomy vault prolapse.     

Maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with hellp syndrome]

OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to describe the effects of serious obstetric complications on maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by Hellp syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PATIENTS: Sixteen patients managed from January 1994 through December 1998 in whom pregnancy was complicated by Hellp Syndrome. RESULTS: The incidence of Hellp syndrome among women with severe preeclampsia and/or eclampsia (164 cases) was 9.7%. Fourteen cases occurred before and two after delivery. In nine cases, Hellp occurred before 32 weeks of gestation and later in two other cases. Mean gestational age at delivery was 32.4 weeks. Serious maternal morbidity included acute renal failure (five cases), disseminated intravascular coagulation (two cases), pulmonary oedema (one case), severe ascites (five cases), pleural effusion (three cases), adult respiratory distress syndrome (one case). Abruptio placenta, acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation were always associated. Ten patients required transfusions with blood products. Caesarean delivery was performed in 15 cases. General anaesthesia was used in all patients. There was one maternal death from multiple organ failure. Perinatal outcome was poor. Six perinatal deaths were related to abruptio placenta, intrauterine asphyxia and extreme prematurity. CONCLUSION: The high maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity reported with the presence of Hellp syndrome requires maternal-fetal follow-up in a tertiary centre where intensive maternal and neonatal care are available.     

Prospective evaluation of the systemic immune response following abdominal, vaginal, and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy

Background: Alterations in serum levels of cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and acute-phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) correlate directly with extent of tissue damage and inflammatory reaction. We therefore prospectively compared the postoperative levels of IL-6 and CRP following abdominal (AH), vaginal (VH), and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH). Methods: A total of 29 patients were included in the study (10 VH, 10 LAVH, 9 AH). Nine blood samples were taken from each patient at various time points before, during, and after surgery. CRP and IL-6 were measured under standardized conditions using ELISA and turbidometry. Results: Preoperative levels of IL-6 and CRP were low in all three patient groups. There was a significant increase in the IL-6 level in patients undergoing AH at the time of peritoneal closure that reached a maximum 2 h postoperatively and remained significantly elevated for 12 h postoperatively when compared to the IL-6 levels of patients undergoing VH or LAVH (p < 0.05). The levels of the IL-6 time courses differed significantly among the three operative procedures (p = 0.013). In contrast, the levels of the CRP time courses did not differ significantly (p = 0.066); however, CRP expression was elevated 36 h postoperatively in patients undergoing AH, as compared with those undergoing VH. Conclusion: Elevated IL-6 levels subsequent to AH may reflect significantly greater tissue damage in these patients than in patients who undergo VH or LAVH. LAVH should therefore be considered in cases that cannot be managed by the vaginal route alone. apd: 13 March 2001     

Elective pulmonary lobectomy: factors associated with morbidity and operative mortality

Periodic review of clinical results is essential to ensure that high-quality patient care is maintained. To that end, we reviewed the morbidity and operative mortality in a consecutive series of 369 pulmonary lobectomies performed between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 1983. There were 251 male and 118 female patients with a mean age of 50.6 years. The thirty-day operative mortality was 2.2% (8/369), with 6 of these deaths related primarily to respiratory insufficiency. Two hundred twenty-four postoperative management problems occurred in 151 patients and included arrhythmia, air leak, pneumothorax, respiratory difficulties, postoperative bleeding, pleural effusion, wound infection, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolus, empyema, bronchial stump leak, and lobar gangrene. Multiple factors were related to the occurrence of postoperative morbidity and mortality using both chi-square analysis to examine each individual item and discriminant analysis to evaluate their interaction. Chi-square tabulation showed no difference in the occurrence of major postoperative complications (p greater than 0.05) related to the side of operation, an abnormal preoperative electrocardiogram, a forced vital capacity of 2.8 liters or less, a one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of less than 1.7 liters, an oxygen tension of less than 60 mm Hg, or the seniority of the surgeon (resident versus attending). An increased number of complications (p less than 0.05) was found in male patients, in patients operated on for carcinoma, and in patients older than 60 years. Stepwise discriminant analysis included FEV1 as a significant predictor of postoperative complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Elective pneumonectomy: factors associated with morbidity and operative mortality.

We have retrospectively reviewed hospital records of 197 consecutive patients undergoing pneumonectomy for neoplastic disease between 1985 and 1990 to identify predictors of outcome. Seventeen of the 197 patients died during their hospital stay (8.6%; 95% confidence intervals, 6.7% to 11.2%). The most significant predictors of in-hospital mortality were presence of coexisting medical conditions (p less than 0.001), respiratory function tests showing an obstructive picture with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio of less than 0.55 (p less than 0.001), 24-hour fluid replacement of more than 3 L (p less than 0.05), postoperative pulmonary edema (p less than 0.001), respiratory tract infection with positive sputum culture (p less than 0.01), postoperative renal failure (p less than 0.001), and cardiac arrhythmias (p less than 0.001). There were 232 postoperative management, problems occurring in 197 patients. The most significant predictors of postoperative morbidity were continued cigarette smoking up to the time of operation (p less than 0.05), perioperative blood loss or more than 2 L (p less than 0.05), and infusion of more than 3 L of fluid in the first 24 hours (p less than 0.05). Although retrospective analyses must be interpreted with caution, this study has identified preoperative and perioperative factors associated with in-hospital morbidity and mortality after pneumonectomy.