提高人体解剖学实验课学生主动性的探讨

人体解剖学是研究正常人体形态结构的科学,是医学生的必修课、先修课.它为临床提供了重要的基础知识和众多的医学名词,是其它后续医学基础课的基础[1].具有直观性强、形态描述多、名词多等特点,学生普遍认为其内容多、无章可循、枯燥乏味,进而丧失学习信心.实验课教学是人体解剖学教学环节中重要的组成部分[2],如何在实验课中提高学生的主动性,使其由"要我学"转变为"我要学",是带教老师密切关注的问题.     

在教学活动中如何发挥和协调教与学的双边活动

在教学过程中 ,教师针对教材的不同内容和实际情况 ,采取灵活多样的教学方法 ,尽最大努力 ,调动学生积极性使其主动参与教学过程 ,培养学生主动学习的意识 ,变被动学习为主动去学 ,达到学生爱学、学会、会学的目的。1　发挥教师主导作用 ,引导学生主动求知课堂教学中 ,教师的主导作用最重要的是做学生探索科学知识的引路人。备课是课堂教学的首要环节 ,是上好课的前提和保证 ,备课时既要考虑如何达到教学目标 ,又要考虑如何艺术地处理教材内容及选择适当的教学方法 ,因此 ,教师在备课时 ,事先要了解学生的学习心理、学生预习中遇到的难题疑…     

把握"主导"技巧发挥"主体"作用

学生是教学的"主体",教师是教学的"主导",这是目标教学理论的精髓.它从理论的高度,提出了如何发挥学生的学习积极性、主动性的问题.那么,如何把握"主导"的技巧,在有限的课时内充分激发学生的学习兴趣,调动学生的参与热情,培养学生的实用技能呢?我认为要抓住教学过程的三个重要环节,即情绪调控、启发引导和随机评价.     

李开复和徐小平谈80后创业

<正>"我最担心的是‘创业明星’的经历会误导很多大学生,让他们走上不该走的路。"在"开复学生网"更名为"我学网"的仪式上,网站创     

解剖学教学中如何激发学生的学习兴趣

<正>学习兴趣是指一个人对学习的一种积极的认识[2]倾向与情绪状态,是一种带有趋向性的心理特征。在实践中,兴趣对学生的学习活动将产生巨大的推动作用。爱因斯坦说:"对一切来说,只有兴趣才是最好的老师。"杨振宁院士也说过:"成功的真正秘诀是兴趣。"教学就是要让学生爱学、会学、     

儿子爱上画画了

儿子五岁的时候,我发现周围的孩子百花齐放,有的学钢琴、有的学电子琴、有的学琵琶……我就征求儿子的意见:"想学个什么乐器呢?"儿子的头摇晃得像个拨浪鼓:"不喜欢,不学,不学。"没办法,我只好来硬的:"必须学习一样!"儿子看我生气了,央求着:"妈妈,我不喜欢乐器,非学什么就学画画吧。"我乐得差点从床上掉下来:"可以呀,妈妈明天就去买画夹子,找老师。"就这样,儿子进了画画初级班。     

浅谈手术教学中的安全管理

外科手术学是以实验教学为主体,以培养学生良好的科学作风和娴熟的外科基本操作技能为目的的课程。在培养学生树立严格的无菌观念和掌握外科基本技能的同时,更要重视教学中的教师与学生自身安全防护。认真做到安全教育经常化,教学管理制度化,动物处置规范化,是保障教学安全所必须的,也是行之有效的措施和方法。1安全教育经常化手术学教学由于受时间、人力及经费等条件限制,达不到医院外科手术室的配置和无菌管理。手术学实验中被操作的对象不是病人而是动物,故对无菌要求相对较低,只做术前备皮和简单的消毒;且手术人员非正规医生而是未经训…     

《医学影像物理》中学生的创新性能力的培养

培养学生的创新性能力对提高高校教学质量、培养创新人才具有深远的现实意义。将培养学生的创新性能力融人到学校教育中是时代发展和社会进步的需要,也是高校教师的责任。创新性能力的培养可以促进学生的学习积极性,使学生自主掌握文献查阅的方法,培养学生的基本操作技能,扎实的研究基础,增强学生的独立思考意识。本文结合医学院《医学影像物理》课程教学的现状,分别从理论课程和实验课程两个方面来探讨在讲授《医学影像物理学》这门课中如何培养学生的创新性能力的途径。在理论课程中,最重要的是培养学生的学习兴趣、独立学习和归纳的能力,采用开展课题的讨论方式来扩展学生的知识面。在实验课程中,让学生独立提出设计思路和实验步骤,将被动的“要我做什么”变为主动的“我要做什么”．并且注重理论和实验相结合。这样不仅有助于医学生们感受、理解知识,培养实践能力、创业精神等,同时也有助于提高教师的教学水平,做到“教”、“学”相长,取得双赢的效果。     

“金课”视域下“食品免疫学”螺旋提升式备课法探索

作为边缘学科新生力量的“食品免疫学”课程具有内容抽象、逻辑性强、内在关联紧密、知识更新快等特点,授课过程中普遍存在课堂氛围差、学生理解难、记忆难等问题。本文基于“食品免疫学”教学中存在的问题,以精准分析学情、深入分析优化教学内容、扎实教师基本功为基础,将多元教学法融入教学设计中,辅以新媒体网络资源进行教学,并通过教学反思进行多次复盘备课。通过“备学生、备教师、备内容、备教法、备多媒体”5个维度进行深度备课,并进行多轮次复盘的螺旋提升式备课法,打造具有“高阶性、创新性、挑战度”的“金课”,为培养高素质的食品专业人才提供保证。     

实施“三段”教学法 提高解剖教学效果

解剖实验教学是解剖教学中的一个重要组成部分 ,是培养学生基本技能 ,验证巩固所学的书本知识 ,获取感性认识的重要手段和途径。实验教学具有标本制作复杂、解剖结构众多等特点 ,且不易被学生所重视。如何提高和保证实验教学质量 ,开展实验教学改革一直是广大教师积极探索的问题之一 ,笔者经多年解剖实验教学实践 ,认为教师应在实验课前认真备课 ,实验课中勤讲勤教 ,实验课后及时检查纠错。实施课前、课中、课后三段法教学 ,是提高解剖实验课效果的一个好方法。1　认真备课有利于教学目标的把握和落实教师备课。首先要备教材 ,也就是要课前…     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964