转化生长因子β1和即刻早期基因及p27在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达

目的　研究转化生长因子 β1(transforminggrowthfactor β1,TGF β1)、即刻早期基因 (c fos)、周期素依赖性激酶抑制蛋白 p2 7在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达及相互之间的关系 ,探讨其表达对胆脂瘤侵袭能力的影响。方法　应用免疫组化链霉菌抗生物素蛋白 过氧化酶染色法检测TGF β1、c fos和 p2 7在 31例胆脂瘤上皮、11例胆脂瘤患者外耳道上皮和 10例正常外耳道上皮中的表达 ,应用计算机图像分析系统对其阳性表达进行定量分析。结果　TGF β1和c fos在胆脂瘤上皮中表达阳性率分别为 87 1%和 83 9% ,与胆脂瘤患者外耳道上皮和正常外耳道上皮相比表达差异有显著性。而p2 7在胆脂瘤上皮和外耳道上皮组上皮中均未见阳性表达。胆脂瘤上皮中c fos与TGF β1表达无相关性 (r =0 339,P =0 331) ;胆脂瘤侵袭能力与c fos表达有高度显著相关关系 (r =- 0 96 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,与TGF β1表达也有高度相关关系 (r =- 0 4 0 6 ,P <0 0 1)。 结论　即刻早期基因c fos在胆脂瘤中表达显著增强 ,且与胆脂瘤的侵袭能力有高度显著相关性 ,提示高c fos表达是胆脂瘤高增殖特征的因素之一。TGF β1在胆脂瘤上皮中高表达亦表明其在胆脂瘤的高增殖能力方面起一定作用     

角化细胞生长因子在中耳胆脂瘤的表达及意义

目的研究角化细胞生长因子（keratinocyte growth factor,KGF）在中耳胆脂瘤中的表达,探讨KGF对胆脂瘤上皮增殖能力的影响及其在中耳胆脂瘤发生、发展中的作用。方法20例胆脂瘤上皮标本及配对的正常外耳道皮肤标本制成石蜡切片,应用免疫组化SP染色法检测上述两组标本中KGF和Ki67的表达,对染色结果进行定量分析。结果KGF在胆脂瘤上皮中呈强阳性表达,且从基底层向角质层染色有逐渐增强的趋势,间质中可见散在的阳性细胞;正常外耳道皮肤标本主要表现为间质中稀疏不均的弱阳性表达,在上皮细胞不表达。胆脂瘤上皮和正常外耳道皮肤的KGF阳性表达率之间差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。在胆脂瘤上皮中KGF与Ki67表达呈正相关（r=0.609,P〈0.01）。结论KGF和Ki67表达与中耳胆脂瘤的增殖能力有高度相关性,局部炎症通过调控KGF的表达促进胆脂瘤上皮的异常增殖,其中KGF的自分泌机制可能与胆脂瘤的发生、发展密切相关。     

胆脂瘤上皮过度增殖行为的免疫组化研究

目的 探讨中耳胆脂瘤上皮的过度增殖性和生长方式。方法 用免疫组化SP法观察了表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR），增殖细胞核抗原Ki67、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白（collagenⅣ）和层粘连蛋白（laminin,LN）在18例胆脂瘤标本的表达，并与8例外耳道正常皮肤相比较。结果 EGFR有两种染色图案，棕黄色的线状或颗粒状细胞膜强染色和颗粒状的胞浆染色，胆脂瘤标本染色均强于皮肤。在Ki67的免疫染色中，阳性细胞核为棕黄色，胆脂瘤上皮的阳性细胞核比皮肤多。CollagenIV和LN图案极其相似，为连续的宗黄色线状和（或）带状图案。4例胆脂瘤上皮基膜下结膀组织中的血管比皮肤丰富。结论 EGFR和Ki67在胆脂瘤上皮的表达从不同角度反映了胆脂瘤上皮的过度增殖性。CollagenIV和LN的表达说明胆脂瘤属良性病变，血液供应可能比皮肤丰富。     

肿瘤坏死因子-α在中耳胆脂瘤中的表达及其意义

目的 :探讨肿瘤坏死因子 -α(TNF-α)在中耳胆脂瘤中的表达和引起骨吸收的作用机制。方法 :应用 TNF-α单克隆抗体对 18例中耳胆脂瘤组织和 4例正常外耳道皮肤 ,4例面部皮肤和鼓膜进行免疫组化测定。结果 :TNF-α在胆脂瘤组织上皮及上皮下结缔组织的表达较正常外耳道皮肤及鼓膜的染色强的多。结论 :TNF-α细胞因子在中耳胆脂瘤组织中有较高表达 ,这种细胞因子可能通过两条途径引起骨质吸收 :直接途径 ,TNF-α作为自分泌调节因子引起破骨性骨吸收 ;间接途径 ,作为中间信使激活炎性细胞释放一系列生物酶引起骨组织脱钙 ,骨基质和骨蛋白溶解 ,最终导致骨吸收     

胆脂瘤上皮过度增殖行为的免疫组化研究

目的　探讨中耳胆脂瘤上皮的过度增殖性和生长方式。方法　用免疫组化SP法观察了表皮生长因子受体 (epidermalgrowthfactorreceptor,EGFR) ,增殖细胞核抗原Ki6 7、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白(collagenIV)和层粘连蛋白 (laminin ,LN)在 18例胆脂瘤标本的表达 ,并与 8例外耳道正常皮肤相比较。结果　EGFR有两种染色图案 ,棕黄色的线状或颗粒状胞膜强染色和颗粒状的胞浆染色 ,胆脂瘤标本染色均强于皮肤。在Ki6 7的免疫染色中 ,阳性细胞核为棕黄色 ,胆脂瘤上皮的阳性细胞核比皮肤多。CollagenIV和LN图案极其相似 ,为连续的棕黄色线状和 (或 )带状图案。 4例胆脂瘤上皮基膜下结缔组织中的血管比皮肤丰富。结论　EGFR和Ki6 7在胆脂瘤上皮的表达从不同角度反映了胆脂瘤上皮的过度增殖性。CollagenIV和LN的表达说明胆脂瘤属良性病变 ,血液供应可能比皮肤丰富     

缺氧诱导因子-1α及诱导型一氧化氮合酶在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达及意义

目的：研究缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达及意义,探讨其在发病机制中的可能作用。方法：运用免疫组织化学SP法检测21例胆脂瘤标本及11例正常外耳道皮肤标本中HIF-1α、iNOS的表达。结果：在21例中耳胆脂瘤上皮及11例正常外耳道皮肤中,HIF-1α的表达指数分别为52．49±13．80、0．60±0．49,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）;iNOS的表达指数分别为92．05±27．84、1．15±0．84,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;HIF-1α与iNOS的表达指数呈正相关（r=0．536,P〈0．05）。结论：HIF-1α及iNOS蛋白在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中存在高度表达;缺氧及其相关因子HIF-1α、iNOS等可能在中耳胆脂瘤的发生、发展过程中起着重要促进作用。     

Ras 蛋白在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达

目的探讨Ｒａｓ蛋白在中耳继发性胆脂瘤上皮中的表达,分析其与胆脂瘤上皮增生调节中的可能作用。方法应用免疫组化ＳＰ染色法和计算机图像分析法,检测２２例胆脂瘤上皮和１０例正常外耳道皮肤中Ｒａｓ蛋白的表达情况。结果胆脂瘤上皮各层细胞均存在Ｒａｓ蛋白的较强表达,其中１５／２２为胞膜着色,５／２２胞膜胞浆均着色,２例仅胞浆着色,正常外耳道表皮中Ｒａｓ蛋白主要表达于胞膜,以基底层显色为主;两种组织Ｒａｓ蛋白阳性表达的平均积分吸光度分别为０．８７０和０．４６３,差异呈高度显著性。结论中耳继发性胆脂瘤上皮中存在Ｒａｓ蛋白的高表达,说明胆脂瘤上皮具有高度增生性。     

IL-8和IL-6在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达

张宏伟陈乾美叶惠平林尚泽梁文妹【摘要】目的探讨白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达,分析它们在胆脂瘤上皮骨质破坏中的可能作用。方法应用免疫组织化学SABC法,检测31例患者胆脂瘤上皮和14例患者外耳道皮肤中的IL-8、IL-6的表达情况。结果IL-8主要在31例患者胆脂瘤基底上层细胞和基底层细胞阳性表达,8例患者外耳道皮肤有不同程度表达,两种组织表达的平均吸光度(A值)分别为155.07±13.93、202.15±14.32,有显著性差异(t=10.56,P<0.01)。IL-6主要在30例患者胆脂瘤基底上层细胞和基底层细胞表达,10例患者外耳道皮肤有不同程度表达,两种组织表达的平均吸光度(A值)分别为162.56±20.05、204.15±18.38,有显著性差异(t=6.63,P<0.01)。IL-8与IL-6表达间存在正相关。结论IL-8、IL-6在胆脂瘤上皮高表达,可能与胆脂瘤骨质破坏有关,并可能与IL-1、TNF-α相互作用,共同参与胆脂瘤骨质破坏过程。     

热休克蛋白70在中耳胆脂瘤中的异常表达

目的研究热休克蛋白(HSP70)在中耳胆脂瘤组织中的异常表达,探讨HSP70与胆脂瘤的关系及其作用.方法采用免疫组化SABC染色法、计算机图像定量分析法,对25例中耳胆脂瘤和10例正常外耳道皮肤中HSP70的表达情况进行观察.结果在25例胆脂瘤上皮组织的全层及上皮下结缔组织中炎性细胞和成纤维细胞的胞浆中均有HSP70强表达,部分核中也有强表达.10例正常外耳道皮肤中HSP70为弱表达.计算机图象分析仪定量分析,结果显示胆脂瘤上皮中HSP70阳性细胞的平均光密度为0.3309±0.0070,正常外耳道上皮为0.1798±0.0020,胆脂瘤上皮中HSP70的含量显著高于外耳道皮肤(P＜0.001).结论HSP70可能参与了胆脂瘤的形成和发展.     

HGF在中耳胆脂瘤中的表达和意义

目的 研究肝细胞生长因子(Hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达及与中耳胆脂瘤的血管形成的关系和对胆脂瘤侵蚀行为的影响.方法 采用免疫组织化学SP法检测HGF、微血管计数(Ⅳ型胶原蛋白染色)在34例中耳胆脂瘤组织标本与15例正常外耳道组织中的表达.结果 HGF主要表达于胆脂瘤上皮层和上皮下基质细胞,在正常外耳道皮肤中仅表达于上皮基底层;胆脂瘤基质周围微血管计数均数高于正常外耳道皮肤,二者差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 HGF在中耳胆脂瘤中高表达且与炎症程度呈正相关;微血管计数随着胆脂瘤基质周围炎症程度的增加而增加.HGF诱导的新生血管形成可能是中耳胆脂瘤侵蚀性行为的主要原因之一.     

中耳胆脂瘤中核因子-κB的表达与活化

目的研究中耳胆脂瘤中核因子-κB(nuclearfactorkappaB,NF-κB)的表达与活化,深入阐明胆脂瘤的发病机制。方法中耳手术中收集21例中耳胆脂瘤组织及8例正常外耳道皮肤组织,分别采用免疫组化及凝胶电泳迁移阻滞法(electrophoreticmobilityshiftassay,EMSA)检测2种组织NF-κB的蛋白表达分布及DNA结合活性,并进一步以胆脂瘤鳞屑刺激人角质形成细胞系HaCaT,观察细胞NF-κB的活性变化。结果胆脂瘤上皮组织中NF-κB的表达强度显著高于正常表皮组织,其阳性细胞平均积分吸光度分别为0·168±0·051、0·088±0·019(t=4·211,P<0·01),部分胆脂瘤(12/21)上皮细胞出现明显NF-κB的核转位;EMSA结果显示胆脂瘤组电泳带相对密度扫描值平均为(16·5±10·1)%,正常皮肤组则为(1·38±1·24)%,提示胆脂瘤组织中NF-κB的DNA结合活性显著高于正常皮肤组织(t=3·600,P=0·014);在胆脂瘤鳞屑刺激下,HaCaT细胞出现NF-κB的活化,其活性变化与鳞屑组织呈剂量依赖关系。结论NF-κB在胆脂瘤组织中存在异常活化,核因子-κB可能在胆脂瘤的发生和持续发展中起重要作用。     

The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and interleukin-1-alpha messenger ribonucleic acid in human middle ear cholesteatoma]

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP1) and interleukin-1-alpha messenger ribonucleic acid(IL-1 alpha mRNA) in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma, and to evaluate their roles in the molecular mechanisms of bone resorption. METHODS: Tissue specimens from 32 cases of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma and 14 cases of external ear skin were examined by immunohistochemical S-P method for MMP1 and TIMP1, and by in situ hybridization for IL-1 alpha mRNA. RESULTS: All 32 samples of cholesteatoma showed a stronger expression of MMP1 than the external ear skin. The integral absorbency of MMP1 in the two types of tissues were 2,018.26 +/- 174.89 and 1,428.35 +/- 123.39, respectively, with statistically significant difference between them. Neither of the two types of epithelial cells showed a remarkable expression of TIMP1. The cells hybridized for the antisence probes IL-1 alpha mRNA were only confined to the basal layer; in cholesteatoma, besides the basal cell layers, keratinocytes of the suprabasal cell layers were also found to contain specific hybridizations. The level of IL-1 alpha mRNA measured in cholesteatoma was significantly higher than that in the external ear skin. CONCLUSION: The overexpression of MMP1 and a derailment of the normally controlled MMPs-TIMPs system could play an active role in the molecular mechanisms of cholesteatoma invasion into the bone. The upregulation of IL-1 alpha might contribute to the increasing secretions of MMP1 in cholesteatoma.     

Micronucleus frequency in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma

OBJECTIVE: To determine the micronucleus (MN) frequency of acquired cholesteatoma tissue using an MN assay. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen patients were diagnosed as having chronic otitis media with acquired cholesteatoma and were divided into primary and secondary acquired cholesteatoma groups. Cholesteatoma tissue and normal tissue specimens from the external ear canal skin were taken from the patients during surgical operations. MN frequencies of cholesteatoma and control samples were determined according to standard criteria. RESULTS: The MN frequencies of the cholesteatoma and control tissues were 0.54%+/-0.31% and 0.24%+/-0.11%, respectively (p<0.01). MN frequencies for the primary and secondary acquired cholesteatoma groups were 0.63%+/-0.36% and 0.46%+/-0.26%, respectively (p>0.05). MN frequencies in cholesteatoma patients without and with complications were 0.42%+/-0.19% and 0.85%+/-0.37%, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: MN frequencies were found to be increased in cholesteatoma tissues when compared with external ear canal skin. The MN frequency in five cases with complications was higher than in cases without complications. These results indicate that there could be associations between MN frequency and acquired cholesteatoma and between MN frequency and complications.     

中耳胆脂瘤上皮细胞增生与凋亡状态的研究

目的 :研究中耳胆脂瘤上皮细胞增生和凋亡的状态。方法 :应用免疫组化染色 SABC技术及原位凋亡细胞标记技术 (TU NEL 法 ) ,对 2 0例中耳胆脂瘤上皮组织和 10例外耳道正常上皮组织样本进行研究。结果 :在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中 ,增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA )阳性细胞大量存在于基底细胞层、棘细胞层及颗粒细胞层 ,而在正常外耳道上皮中 PCNA阳性细胞仅存在于基底层 ;在胆脂瘤上皮中 PCNA阳性细胞率和平均光密度分别为(36 .91± 2 2 .77) %和 0 .2 4 2 7± 0 .0 5 86 ,明显高于正常外耳道上皮中的 PCNA阳性细胞率 (10 .2 5± 2 .6 5 ) %及平均光密度 (0 .1340± 0 .0 36 3) ,其差异有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 5 )。同时 ,在胆脂瘤上皮中 ,凋亡细胞存在于棘细胞层及颗粒细胞层 ,而外耳道正常上皮与之相似 ,但两者的凋亡率分别为 (2 7.5 0± 12 .5 0 ) %和 (9.96± 3.86 ) % ,其差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :中耳胆脂瘤上皮具有高度增生和凋亡的能力 ,并因上皮细胞的增生、分化、凋亡导致角化碎片累积而形成胆脂瘤     

肿瘤坏死因子-α在中耳胆脂瘤的表达及其对邻近骨质的作用

目的 :探讨肿瘤坏死因子 - α(TNF- α)在中耳胆脂瘤中的表达及其对邻近骨质的作用。方法 :应用TNF- α单克隆抗体对 18例中耳胆脂瘤组织和 8例正常外耳道、面部皮肤和鼓膜进行免疫定位检测。结果 :TNF-α定位于胆脂瘤组织的上皮及上皮下结缔组织 ,较正常外耳道及鼓膜的染色明显增强。结论 :TNF- α在中耳胆脂瘤组织中有较高表达并通过两条途径引起骨质吸收 :1TNF- α作为自分泌调节因子引起破骨性骨吸收 ;2 TNF-α作为中间信使 ,激活炎性细胞释放一系列生物酶引起骨组织脱钙 ,骨基质、骨蛋白溶解 ,最终导致骨质吸收。     

Possible role of interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma of the middle ear.

Cholesteatoma of the middle ear is characterized by the presence of hyperproliferative keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear cavity and destruction of adjacent bone. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is an autocrine growth factor for normal keratinocytes and is capable of inducing bone degradation. The distribution of two molecular species of IL-1, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, was investigated immunohistochemically in the hyperproliferative epithelium of cholesteatoma, in normal epidermis of the auditory canal and of the retroauricular region, and in nonkeratinizing tonsillar epithelium. In all squamous epithelia examined, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta were present in comparable amounts. The IL-1 content of cholesteatoma epithelium was clearly increased in relation to normal skin keratinocytes. All cellular layers of cholesteatoma epithelium stained strongly and uniformly for Il-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, whereas the keratin layer was negative for IL-1. No particularly strong reaction with basal cells was detected. In the connective tissue under the squamous epithelium of cholesteatoma, intensely positive cells were scattered between negative stromal cells. Our results suggest that IL-1 could be liberated from disintegrating keratinocytes and cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, stimulate the proliferation of the cholesteatoma epithelium in an autocrine manner, and contribute to the enhancement of bone destruction in the presence of cholesteatoma.     

微血管密度在中耳胆脂瘤上皮增殖中的意义

目的　研究微血管密度在中耳继发性胆脂瘤上皮增殖演变过程中的意义。方法　应用免疫组化ABC染色方法和计算机图像分析系统,连续观察 15例具有典型鼓膜后皱襞处穿孔的中耳胆脂瘤患者的不同部位(鼓膜穿孔部位邻近皮肤和耳道深部正常皮肤 )中血管参数的改变,并和20例非胆脂瘤型中耳炎鼓膜穿孔部位邻近皮肤作对比。结果　胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者的鼓膜穿孔部位邻近皮肤的微血管计数、微血管相对面积 ( x±s)分别为 14.395±2.000和 (9.927±2.600 ) %,显著高于其自身耳道深部正常皮肤的 6 218±0 949和 ( 5.076±0.807 )% (P<0. 001 );亦显著高于非胆脂瘤型中耳炎鼓膜穿孔部位邻近皮肤的 6.163±1 051和 ( 5.785±1.428 )% (P<0.001 )。结论中耳胆脂瘤的鼓膜穿孔部位邻近皮肤增生活跃。     

Role of Bcl-xL protein in differentiation and apoptosis of human middle ear cholesteatoma epithelium.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the mechanisms of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in middle ear cholesteatoma epithelium with those of normal external ear canal epithelium. DESIGN: The localizations of the expression of Bcl-xL protein and involucrin and the presence of apoptotic cells were determined for tissue slices of middle ear cholesteatoma epithelium and compared with the findings for normal external ear canal epithelium. In addition, SCC-25/bcl-xL transfectants showing the overexpression of Bcl-xL were used to investigate the effect of this protein on the expression of involucrin, which is a marker of epithelial cell differentiation. MATERIALS: Cholesteatoma tissue specimens were surgically excised from 10 patients. Normal skin specimens collected from the external ear canal of the 10 patients were used as control specimens. RESULTS: The expression of Bcl-xL was detected in the vicinity of the basal cell layer of both the cholesteatoma epithelium and the normal external ear canal epithelium. Conversely, the expression of involucrin (ie, a marker of epithelial cell differentiation) increased in proportion to the shallowness of the epithelial layer. In situ labeling detected apoptotic cells in the spinous and granular cell layers of cholesteatoma tissue sections and similar findings in the normal external skin specimens. Western blot analysis confirmed that the expression of involucrin protein was the same in both wild-type SCC-25 cells and the SCC-25/bcl-xL transfectants. CONCLUSIONS: In both the cholesteatoma epithelium and the normal external ear canal epithelium, differentiation and apoptosis begin when the epithelial cells separate from the basal cells. The mechanisms behind these changes, at least in apoptosis, appear to be controlled by the expression of the Bcl-xL protein.     

端粒酶催化亚单位和c-Myc蛋白在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达及意义

目的:观察端粒酶催化亚单位(TERT)和癌基因cMyc的表达产物(cMyc蛋白)在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达情况,分析其在胆脂瘤上皮增殖演变过程中的作用。方法:应用SP法和计算机图像分析系统,检测TERT、cMyc蛋白在32例胆脂瘤组织和14例胆脂瘤患者外耳道皮肤中的表达情况,并进行比较。结果:TERT和cMyc蛋白在所有胆脂瘤上皮各层细胞均存在较强表达,外耳道皮肤表达较弱。各组间胆脂瘤上皮各指标平均阳性细胞率和平均吸收度(平均灰度的倒数),均高于外耳道皮肤,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);皮下结缔组织伴有大量的炎症细胞,如:淋巴细胞、浆细胞、中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞;胆脂瘤上皮中TERT和cMyc蛋白之间存在正相关关系(P<0.01)。结论:TERT和cMyc蛋白在胆脂瘤上皮的表达从不同方面反映了胆脂瘤上皮的过度增生和角化,二者在胆脂瘤的发病过程中有协同作用;上皮下炎症反应可能是角化细胞过度增殖的一个原因。