hPer1相互作用蛋白的筛选

目的 应用酵母双杂交系统筛选血液中与人体生物钟蛋白Per1相互作用的新蛋白.方法 以人Per1的basic HLH-PAS结构域为诱饵,在人血液cDNA文库中筛选与之相互作用的新蛋白.阳性克隆送测序后用生物信息学分析.结果 酵母双杂交文库营养缺陷筛选得到114个阳性克隆,β-半乳糖苷酶检测报告基因获得46个蓝色克隆.通过测序和生物信息学分析,其中之一能与Per1相互作用的蛋白为LSMD1.结论 通过酵母双杂交系统证明Per1能够与LSMD1发生相互作用.     

应用酵母双杂交技术筛选和验证与DNA-PKcs磷酸化簇区域相互作用的蛋白

目的 通过酵母双杂交技术筛选与DNA依赖蛋白激酶的催化亚单位（DNA dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit,DNA-PKcs）磷酸化簇区域相互作用的蛋白并进行验证。方法 通过酵母双杂交技术,以之前构建的pGBKT7-DPC载体为诱饵,在人肝组织酵母文库中筛选与DNA-PKcs磷酸化簇区域相互作用的蛋白,对筛选出来的阳性酵母细胞克隆进行PCR鉴定、回转验证以及测序分析;构建诱饵蛋白和阳性克隆蛋白的真核表达载体,分别转染至人胚肾293T细胞中,检测诱饵蛋白和阳性克隆蛋白能否正确表达;最后将阳性克隆蛋白与诱饵蛋白共转染至293T细胞中,通过免疫共沉淀实验检测阳性克隆蛋白与诱饵蛋白之间的相互作用。结果 经过两轮酵母双杂交实验筛选得到12个文库质粒克隆,通过PCR鉴定确定7个插入片段长度互不相同的文库克隆,对7个文库克隆进行回转验证得到3个与DNA-PKcs磷酸化簇区域相互作用的蛋白,经测序分析显示分别为MBNL1、SIK2和YY1AP1。成功构建诱饵蛋白和3个阳性克隆蛋白的真核表达载体,且均能够在293T细胞中正确表达。免疫共沉淀实验证实筛选出来的3个阳性克隆蛋白均能够与DNA-PKcs磷酸化簇区域发生相互作用。结论 成功筛选到与DNA-PKcs磷酸化簇区域相互作用的蛋白并进行了验证。     

酵母双杂交技术筛选人95D细胞中肺癌转移相关蛋白1相互作用蛋白及其验证

 目的 通过酵母双杂交实验、免疫共沉淀及GST pull down技术筛选并验证肺癌细胞系95D细胞中与肺癌转移相关蛋白1(lung cancer metastasis-related protein 1,LCMR1)相互作用蛋白,为进一步研究LCMR1在肺癌发生发展中的作用提供科学依据。方法 将诱饵质粒pGBKT7-LCMR转化AH109,应用酵母双杂交系统筛选出95D细胞中与LCMR1相互作用的候选克隆;应用反复划线法、X-α-Gal显色法和共转化回复验证法排除假阳性克隆,对真阳性克隆进行测序及生物学分析;构建含Myc标签的LCMR1融合蛋白的重组载体pCMV - Myc-LCMR1载体,以及带flag标签的目标相互作用蛋白载体,共转染细胞,利用免疫共沉淀技术验证LCMR1与相互作用蛋白之前的相互作用;融合蛋白沉降(GST pull- down)法进一步体外验证LCMR1与相互作用蛋白之间的作用。结果 诱饵质粒pGBKT7 -LCMR1与95D细胞cDNA文库共转化AH109,初步获得20个候选克隆;重复划线法后获得16个阳性克隆,X-α-Gal显色法获得12个蓝色阳性克隆,进一步将文库质粒与诱饵质粒共转化酵母菌回复验证,最终获得6个真阳性克隆;成功构建含标签重组载pCMV-Myc-LCMR1、pcDNA3.0-flag-RPL29及pcDNA3.0- flag-GNG5载体,经免疫共沉淀验证LCMR1与RPL29在细胞内有相互作用,与GNG5在细胞内无相互作用;GST pull-down实验验证LCMR1与RPL29在体外有相互作用,与GNG5在细胞外无相互作用。结论 酵母双杂交技术筛选出95D细胞中相互作用蛋白6个,经免疫共沉淀和GST pull-down实验验证LCMR1与RPL29体内体外均有相互作用。     

KGF-2与PRO2605蛋白相互作用的初步研究

目的：利用酵母双杂交系统筛选KGF-2的相互作用蛋白，为阐明其分子作用机制提供有益线索。方法：通过聚合酶链反应从人胎肝cDNA文库中钓取KGF-2 cDNA，构建诱饵蛋白载体pAS2-1-KGF-2，并对其自身转录激活活性进行鉴定，利用酵母双杂交系统筛选人胎肝cDNA文库，挑选双阳性克隆。将KGF-2和候选蛋白分别克隆至哺乳动物细胞双杂交的BD、AD质粒中，共同转染COS-7细胞，通过CAT分析验证KGF-2和候选蛋白之间的相互作用。结果：VDNA序列分析和同源检索显示所获候选蛋白为PR02605。以KGF-2和PRO2605 cDNA共转化酵母宿主Y190后可激活报道基因，但共转染COS-7细胞后，CAT分析结果阴性。结论：KGF-2和PRO2605在酵母体内存在相互作用，但在COS-7细胞中未能检测到两者的相互作用。     

人DOC-2氨基端PID结构域酵母双杂交诱饵载体的构建及自激活鉴定

目的：获得人DOC-2氨基端磷酸酪氨酸作用结构域（PID）cDNA基因，构建酵母双杂交诱饵载体，并检测对报告基因的激活作用。方法：PCR扩增含人DOC-2编码区的全长cDNA片段，克隆入诱饵载体pGBKT7，再亚克隆得到含PID结构域的酵母双杂交诱饵载体pGBKT7-nDOC2。将重组质粒导入酵母菌AHl09，检测其表达产物在酵母细胞中对报告基因有无激活作用。结果：成功构建人DOC-2氨基端磷酸酪氨酸作用结构域（PID）酵母双杂交诱饵载体，该段基因表达的蛋白对酵母菌AH109既无毒性，对报告基因也没有激活作用。结论：我们可利用构建的酵母双杂交诱饵载体来钓取人DOC-2氨基端PID结构域的相互作用蛋白，以利于对DOC-2基因功能进行研究。     

酵母双杂交技术筛选与乙型脑炎病毒NS5相互作用的蛋白

目的 应用酵母双杂交技术筛选与乙型脑炎病毒NS5蛋白相互作用的宿主蛋白.方法 构建表达乙型脑炎病毒NS5蛋白的诱饵质粒pSos-NS5,经自激活和毒性实验后对人脐静脉内皮细胞cDNA文库进行筛选,挑取37℃条件下在缺失亮氨酸和尿嘧啶培养基上生长的克隆,利用一对一酵母回复性杂交实验进行验证,然后测定阳性克隆插入片段序列,...     

一种新的抗辐射性相关蛋白AAl2和CHKl相互作用研究

目的：研究AAl2蛋白与CHKl蛋白的相互作用。方法：用在大肠杆菌中表达纯化的AAl2(LG21)蛋白制备多克隆抗体，Western印迹检测抗体的特异性；用自制的抗体在A1-5和B4细胞中进行了免疫共沉淀实验；同时将AAl2与Chkl基因克隆入酵母双杂交载体中，将重组质粒导入酵母菌AH109中，检测报告基因的表达情况。结果：Western印迹结果表明该抗体可以与AAl2蛋白特异结合；并用免疫共沉淀实验验证了从12蛋白与CHKl蛋白在哺乳动物细胞体内的相互作用。同时用酵母双杂交实验验证了AAl2蛋白与CHKl蛋白在酵母体内的相互作用，β-半乳糖苷酶活性分析和α-半乳糖苷酶活性分析结果均为阳性。结论：AAl2蛋白和CHKI蛋白之间存在相互作用，此结果为进一步研究新基因AAl2的功能奠定了基础。     

应用酵母双杂交筛选与hSOX4相互作用的蛋白质

目的：寻找与hSOX4相互作用的蛋白质，为该基因的功能研究提供新的线索。方法：采用酵母双杂交方法，以hSOX4的第1～133位氨基酸SOX4（1-133）和第130-380位氨基酸SOX4（130-380）分别作为诱饵筛选人乳腺文库，经过重复验证排除假阳性以确定阳性克隆。结果：以SOX4（1-133）作为诱饵最终筛出了4个阳性克隆，经测序及生物信息学分析，这4个克隆为同一基因来源：UBE2I（ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2I，Ubc9）。以SOx4（130-380）为诱饵未能筛出阳性克隆。结论：Ubc9能与SOX4（1-133）发生相互作用，它们的相互作用可能与SOX4的转录调控有关。     

Mpl相互作用蛋白RACK1的筛选与鉴定

目的：筛选新的血小板生成素(TPO)受体胞内区相互作用蛋白并确定相互作用。方法：以TPO受体胞内区为诱饵蛋白，进行酵母双杂交文库的筛选，RT-PCR扩增筛选到的基因并克隆到相应栽体上，Westem印迹方法检测其在不同组织与细胞内的表达；进行哺乳动物细胞内双杂交、免疫共沉淀、激光共聚焦实验确证相互作用。结果：从酵母双杂交文库筛选到RACK1基因，检测到其在不同组织与细胞内表达都很丰富，哺乳动物细胞内双杂交、免疫共沉淀证明RACK1同TPP受体Mpl的胞内区存在相互作用，而细胞内共定位实验证明两者在哺乳动物细胞内存在共定位现象，即两蛋白的相互作用可能具有生理意义。结论：筛选到的RACK1蛋白同TPO受体Mpl的胞内区存在相互作用。     

HLH缺失型Id2候选相互作用蛋白

目的:筛选可以与螺旋-环-螺旋(HLH)结构域缺失的Id2相互作用的蛋白.方法:用重叠延伸PCR方法将Id2中的HLH结构域缺失,并插入到pGBKT7载体,构建 BD∶ Id2-DBM-δHLH融合诱饵质粒;构建MCF-7细胞的ds cDNA文库;采用共转化方法进行Id2-DBM-δHLH相互作用蛋白的酵母双杂交筛选,采用PCR方法扩增阳性克隆中的AD∶ cDNA序列并测序;将获得的AD∶ cDNA质粒分别与BD∶ Id2-DBM-δHLH诱饵质粒共转化酵母进行配对验证.结果:酵母双杂交方法共筛选到19个阳性克隆,PCR方法在这19个克隆中共扩增到28条片段,序列测定证实含18个不同的基因,对其中的13个进行配对验证后证实了其中8个与HLH缺失型Id2相互作用,这8个基因分别是:UXT、VIM、KRT7、FHL2、SEI1、PCBP1、SIVA和LSM2.结论:本研究首次利用HLH缺失型Id2作为诱饵,利用酵母双杂交技术筛选识别了一族新的Id2相互作用蛋白,为进一步研究Id2的功能调控以及非HLH依赖的功能活性奠定基础.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.