章丘市职业卫生监督管理现状与对策

职业病防治工作作为保障广大劳动者身心健康和合法权益的重要内容,日益引起各级政府的重视.职业卫生监督管理就是卫生行政部门依据国家有关法律、法规,运用行政管理手段,对用人单位的职业卫生和职业病防治工作进行监督检查.近几年来,各地不断加强职业卫生监督力度,广泛开展形式多样的职业病防治宣传、监督和监测工作,提高了企业作为职业病防治第一责任人的法律意识和责任意识,职业病防治水平逐步提高,基本职业卫生服务覆盖面不断扩大,劳动者权益保障得到加强.     

北京市2001～2002年职业卫生监督情况分析

了解掌握北京市职业卫生监督工作的现况，为指导今后开展职业病防治和卫生监督管理工作提供依据，现将北京市在《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》（下称《职业病防治法》）实施前后1a的职业卫生监督情况分析、报告如下。     

无锡市职业卫生监督管理面临的问题及思考

长期以来,职业卫生监督管理工作一直是卫生工作的重点和难点. 随着无锡市经济体制转型及卫生监督体制改革的进行,再加上职业卫生法律法规日趋完善,特别是去年5月1日<中华人民共和国职业病防治法>(以下简称职业病防治法)正式实施以来,职业卫生监督管理工作将面临新的挑战,以往职业卫生的监督管理模式及观念已不能适应当前形势的需要.为了继续做好我市的职业病防治工作,切实保护劳动者的合法权益和身体健康 ,本文从加强职业卫生监督管理工作的角度对无锡市目前职业卫生监督管理工作的现状、存在问题及对策进行探讨.     

新时期基层职业病防治工作目标管理指标的探讨

近年来,随着社会经济的不断发展,人们更加重视职业卫生问题,越来越重视职业病防治工作。特别是《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》颁布实施以来,各级卫生、工会、安全生产监督以及有关企事业单位认真贯彻落实国家有关职业病防治的法规政策,在职业病危害因素申报、治理、职工健康监护和职业病诊治处理等方面取得了一定成绩,同时使日常职业卫生工作逐渐规范化,使卫生部门和用人单位日常职业卫生工作有了统一准则。根据国家职业病防治的有关法律法规及基层职业     

烟台市福山区落实职业病防治工作的做法和体会

《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》（下称《职业病防治法》）颁布实施4周年以来，我区以职业病防治为重点，坚持预防为主、防治结合的方针，针对存在的职业卫生问题，不断加大力度，强化监督执法职能，狠抓监督管理，职业病防治工作呈现良好的局面。现将做法和体会报告如下。     

滕州市职业卫生监督管理现状及对策

目的 了解滕州市职业卫生监督管理工作现状,找出存在的主要问题,提出对策和建议.方法 对本市职业卫生监督管理工作中存在的问题进行分析并探讨其原因.结果 滕州市职业卫生监督管理工作存在问题包括:职业病危害依然严重;劳动者健康权益得不到有效保障;招商引资负效应逐渐显露;部门之间没有形成联动机制;职业卫生技术服务机构服务水平有待提高.结论 建立顺畅的职业病防治机制,提高全社会职业病防治意识,创新职业卫生监督管理工作方式,提高职业卫生技术服务机构服务质量等措施对做好职业卫生监督管理工作及保护劳动者健康至关重要.     

用人单位职业卫生自身管理体系的建立

《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》于2002年5月1日实施以来，浙江省职业病防治工作逐步走上了法治化轨道，全省开展了《职业病防治法》宣传培训、监督检查、专项整治等多种形式的职业卫生监督管理工作，取得了一定的成效，但是由于浙江省企业以中小企业为主，工商注册登记的中小企业占全部注册企业总数的90％以上，企业主认识不足，企业领导还尚未把职业病防治工作摆到议事日程，企业的自身管理等方面存在的问题较为突出，为切实落实用人单位是职业病防治的责任主体，作者就用人单位职业卫生自身管理体系进行了探讨。     

2006年江西省职业卫生监督检查结果与分析

对全省煤炭、化工、冶金、建材职业病多发企业职业卫生监督检查的结果进行分析,发现职业病防治工作存在较多问题:接触职业病危害作业人员上岗前、在岗期间、离岗时职业健康检查率分别为42.67%、9.58%、25.08%;职业健康监护档案建档率为34.34%,存在有职业禁忌症人员未调离职业病危害岗位现象;职业病危害建设项目职业卫生审查率、竣工验收率分别为46.67%、10.94%,情况不容乐观。提出加强职业卫生监督管理的对策:加强《职业病防治法》宣传和培训、加大对违法行为的处罚力度、加强有关部门的协调,以提高全省职业病防治工作和职业卫生监督执法水平。     

漯河市职业卫生监督执法工作的问题及对策

为降低职业病危害因素对劳动者身体的损害，维护劳动者的职业健康权益，近几年来，我市在原来工作的基础上进一步强化对用人单位职业病防治的监督管理，并于今年初在市卫生监督所设立了职业卫生专业科室，卫生监督执法人员想方设法、开拓创新、攻坚克难，     

厦门市职业卫生监督管理工作存在的问题与对策

目的了解厦门市职业卫生监督管理工作存在的问题,提出相应的对策及建议。方法分析《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》(以下简称《职业病防治法》)颁布实施后职业卫生监督管理存在的问题。结果职业卫生监督管理存在《职业病防治法》宣传工作的深(广)度不够、政府有关部门间配合机制尚不完善、职业卫生监督执法力量薄弱、职业卫生技术服务机构资质认证工作滞后以及职业卫生监督职能上下不对口等问题。结论继续广泛、深入宣传《职业病防治法》,改善政府有关部门间工作配合机制,加强职业卫生监督机构和技术服务机构的建设,理顺职业卫生监督职能关系,狠抓重点,加大职业卫生监督执法工作力度。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.